S
Sapphic,
strophe, 2545;
the lesser, 2666;
the greater, 2671-2673;
in Horace, 2734, 2735.
Saturnian, 2550-2554.
Saying,
verbs of, with indef. subj., 1033;
in pres. of past action, 1592;
in plup., 1617;
ind. disc. with, 1724, 2309;
illogically in subjv. in clause introduced by quī, quod, cum, 1727, 2320;
coordinated, 1696;
with acc. and infin., 2175;
time of infin. with, 2219, 2226;
see Indirect discourse.
Scazon,
choliambus, 2597-2600;
trochaic tetrameter, 2639-2641.
Secondary cases, 1111, 1112.
Secondary tenses, 1717, 1762;
rules for use of, 1740-1772;
subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;
subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;
subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;
subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329;
perf. def. and pres. of vivid narration, 1717, 1752, 1754;
secondary sequence with primary, 1751-1753;
primary sequence with secondary, 1755-1760.
Seeing,
verbs of, in pres. of past action, 1592;
with indirect question, 1774;
in pres. with postquam, ubī̆, ut, &c., 1926.
Selling,
verbs of, with gen., 1274;
with abl., 1388-1392.
Semi-deponents, 801, 1488.
Semi-elision, 2497.
Semi-hiatus, 2497.
Sēmiquīnāria caesura, 2544.
Sēmiseptēnāria caesura, 2544.
Sēmiternāria caesura, 2544.
Semivowels, 52.
Sēnārius,
defined, 2536;
iambic, 2583-2596.
Sentence,
defined, 1023;
simple, defined, 1024;
simple, enlarged, 1037-1054;
simple, combined, 1055;
simple, treated, 1099-1635;
declarative, defined, 1025;
exclamatory, defined, 1025;
imper., defined, 1025;
coordinate and subordinate, 1055-1061;
subordinate, history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1957, see Subordinate sentences;
compound, defined, 1056;
compound, abridged, 1057;
compound, treated, 1636-1713;
complex, defined, 1058;
complex, varieties of, 1058-1061;
as advs., 712;
interrogative, defined, 1025, see Questions;
coordinate, treated, 1636-1692;
intermediate coordinate, treated, 1693-1713, see Coordination;
complex, treated, 1714-2122;
compar., defined, 1716;
local, defined, 1716;
temporal, defined, 1716, see Temporal;
modal, defined, 1716;
correlative, 1831;
main, introduced by rel. pron., 1835-1837;
conjunctive particle, 1838-2122, see Conjunctive;
connection of sentences, 2123-2159;
rhythmical, 2532, 2533;
see Conditional, Causal, Concessive, Final, Consecutive, Relative sentence.
Separating,
verbs of, with dat., 1195, 1209;
with gen., 1294;
with abl., 1302-1306, 1294;
with gerundive construction or gerund, 2268;
adjs. of, with gen., 1263;
with abl., 1306.
Separation,
expressed by supine in -ū, 2277;
see Separating.
Septēnārius,
defined, 2536;
iambic, 2610-2616;
trochaic, 2629-2635;
anapaestic, 2686.
Sequence of tenses, 1745-1772;
subjv. subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;
subjv. subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;
subjv. subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;
subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329.
Series,
rhythmical, 2532, 2533;
stichic, 2546.
Service,
adjs. of, with dat., 1200.
Serving,
verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.
Sharing,
verbs meaning, with gen., 1263.
Shortening,
of vowels, 124-132;
of vowel before another vowel, 124;
in final syllable, 129-132;
in nom. of -ā- stems, 130, 1; 436;
in neut. plur., 130, 2; 461;
in abl. ending e of cons. stems, 502;
in verb endings, 130, 132;
in nom. ending -or, 132;
in mihī̆, tibī̆, sibī̆, ibī̆, ubī̆, alicubī̆, nēcubi, sīcubi, ubinam, ubivīs, ubicumque, ibī̆dem, 129, 2;
in iambic words in verse, 129, 1;
before -n for -sn, 129, 1;
in perf. ending -ērunt, 857;
in perf. subjv., 876;
variations of quantity, 134;
in first syllable of ille, illic, quippe, immō, &c., 2469;
iambic, rule of, 2470-2472;
vowel before another vowel retained long, 127;
long vowel in specific endings in Old Latin, 132.
Showing,
verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167.
Sibilants, 79.
Simple,
words, defined, 181;
formative suffixes, defined, 200;
sentence, defined, 1024, see Sentence.
Singular number,
in nouns, defined, 414;
lacking, see Defective;
with different meaning from plur., 418, 480;
in substs., in agreement, 1077-1081, see Agreement;
in adjs., prons., partic., in agreement, 1082-1098, see Agreement;
in collective sense, 1099;
of a class, 1100;
neut., of adjs. used as substs., 1093, 1101, 1250;
of other adjs. used as substs., 1102, 1103;
in verbs, defined, 722;
in verbs, in agreement, 1062-1076, 1080, see Agreement;
of gerundive, with nostrī, &c., 2260.
Smell,
verbs of, with acc., 1143.
Softening, 2504.
Sonants, 75.
Sotadean, 2712, 2713.
Sound,
one of the divisions of Latin Grammar, treated, 1, 16-179;
change of, in vowels, 55-113;
change of, in diphthongs, 80-88;
change of, in consonants, 114-154;
see Substitution, Development, Disappearance, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Interchange, Lengthening, Shortening, Weakening, Hiatus, Contraction, Elision, Affinities, Pronunciation, Accent, Quantity.
Sounds,
continuous, defined, 51;
momentary, defined, 51;
classified, 54.
Source,
abl. of, 1312-1315, 1426;
expressed by gen., 1232;
expressed by adj., 1427.
Space,
extent of, denoted by acc., 1151-1156, 1398, 1475;
denoted by abl., 1153, 1399.
Sparing,
expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.
Specification,
abl. of, 1385;
acc. of, see Part concerned;
gen. of, see Genitive.
Spirants, 78.
Spondaic verse,
defined, 2556;
use, 2566, 2567.
Spondee, defined, 2521;
irrational, 2524.
Statements,
general, with antequam, priusquam, 1912-1914;
particular, with antequam, priusquam, 1915-1921.
Stems,
defined, 195;
roots used as, 195, 198, 199;
root used as stem in root verbs, 738-743, 828, 844;
pres., used as roots, 190-194, 855;
new, how formed, 196;
root stem, defined, 195;
stem vowel retained before ending, in verbs, 367, 840;
retained in nouns, 400;
noun stems classified, 399;
noun stems, how found, 421;
how indicated, 421;
nouns with two forms of stem or two stems, 401, 413, 470, 475, 531, 545, 566-569, 603, 632;
prons. with, 645, 652, 672;
verbs with, 720, 818-823, 924-1019;
-ā- stems of substs., decl. of, 432-445;
-o- stems of substs., decl. of, 446-466;
cons. stems of substs., decl. of, 467-512, see Declension;
-i- stems of substs., decl. of, 513-569, see Declension;
mixed, 513;
-ū- stems, decl. of, 585-595;
-ē- stems, decl. of, 596-607;
-o- and -ā- stems of adjs., decl. of, 613-620, 432-466;
cons. stems of adjs., decl. of, 621-626, 467-512, see Declension;
-i- stems of adjs., decl. of, 627-636, 529-569, see Declension;
of pres. partic., 632;
of personal prons., 645;
of hīc, 662;
of is, 672;
of ipse, 679;
of quī, quis, 681, 687-689;
of the verb, number of, 718;
defective verbs, 805-817;
formation of, 824-919, 365-375, see Formation;
verbs arranged according to prin. parts, 920-1022, see Verbs.
Stichic series, 2546.
Stipulation,
verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950.
Striving,
verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950;
with complementary infin., 1953.
Strophe,
defined, 2545;
Alcaic and Sapphic, 2545.
Stuff,
abl. of, 1312-1315;
gen. of, 1255.
Subject,
of sentence, defined, 1023;
subst. or equivalent word or words, 1026;
in nom., 1027;
when expressed and when omitted, 1028-1034;
enlarged, 1038-1047;
subordinate sentence as, 1715;
quod sentence as, 1845;
cum sentence as, 1871;
complementary clause as, 1948;
infin. as, 2167, 2207-2215;
perf. partic. as, 2289;
nom., of infin., 1535;
acc., of infin., 2173;
of infin., omitted, 1537, 2183;
gen. of, 1232-1238.
Subjunctive mood,
tenses of, 716;
how translated, 717.
Formation of tenses of, pres., 841-843;
impf., 849, 850;
perf., 876-878;
plup., 881;
short or old forms, 885-893.
Uses of, forms of possum and dēbeō in, 1498;
of desire, 1540-1553;
in wishes, 1540-1546;
in exhortation, direction, statement of propriety, obligation, necessity, prohibition, 1547-1552;
expressing willingness, assumption, concession, 1553;
of action conceivable, in simple sentences, 1554-1562;
accompanied by fōrtasse, &c., 1554;
velim, nōlim, mālim, 1555;
vellem, nōllem, māllem, 1560;
in questions, in simple sentences, 1563-1569;
tenses of, in simple sentences, 1634, 1635;
tenses of, in subordinate sentences, 1740-1772;
sequence of tenses, 1740-1745;
subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;
subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;
subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;
tenses of, in ind. disc. and by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324;
tenses of, in conditional protases in ind. disc., 2326-2329;
in coordination, 1705-1713, see Coordination;
in ind. disc., 1722-1727, 2312-2324, 2326-2329;
of attraction or assimilation, 1728;
of repeated action, 1730;
of wish, action conceivable, interrogation, in subordinate sentence, 1731;
of indirect question, 1773-1786, see Questions;
indic. questions apparently indirect, 1787-1791;
sī, sī forte with, 1777;
rel. sentence equivalent to conditional prot., 1812;
with indef. rel. prons. and advs., 1814;
rel. sentences of purpose in, 1816, 1817;
rel. sentences of characteristic or result in, 1816, 1818-1823;
with dignus, indignus, idōneus, 1819;
coordinated with subst., adj., or partic., 1820;
with antec. omitted, indef. antec., or nēmō est quī, nihil est quod, &c., 1821, 1822;
rel. sentences of cause, reason, proof, concession in, 1824-1830;
quippe quī, ut quī, ut pote quī with, 1827;
parenthetical, quod sciam, quī quidem, 1829;
with quod, quia, 1838-1858;
with cum, 1859, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1877-1881;
with quoniam, 1882-1884;
with quotiēns, quotiēnscumque, 1887;
with quam, 1896, 1897;
with quamquam, 1900, 1901;
with quamvīs, 1904, 1905;
with quamlibet, 1907;
with tamquam, 1909;
with antequam, priusquam, 1911-1921;
with prīdiē quam, 1922;
with ubī̆, ut quisque, 1932;
with utī, ut, nē, 1947-1970;
with ubī̆, 1971;
with quō, quī, 1972, 1974-1976;
with quōminus, 1977, 1978;
with quō sētius, 1979;
with quīn, 1980-1990;
with dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū, 1991-2009;
with modo, 2003;
with quandō, 2010;
in conditional periods, 2023-2115;
with etsī, tametsī, tamenetsī, etiamsī, sī, 2116;
with quasī, quam sī, tamquam sī, &c., 2117-2122;
use of reflexive in subordinate clauses containing, 2341, 2342.
Subordinate constructions,
history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1740, 1957.
Subordinate relations,
expressed coordinately, 1693-1713, see Coordination.
Subordinate sentences, 1055, 1058-1061;
question in, 1533;
treated, 1714-2122;
how expressed, 1714;
value of, 1715;
names of, 1716;
tenses of indic. in, 1732-1739;
tenses of subjv. in, 1740-1772;
mood of, 1720-1731, 1773-2122;
following supine in -um, 2272;
introduced by supine in -ū, 2275;
mood of, in ind. disc., 2315-2320;
use of reflexive pron. in, 2341-2343;
is used for reflexive in, 2370.
Subordination,
of rel. sentence, 1834.
Substantives,
defined, 4-7;
abstract, 7;
concrete, 5;
material, 6;
endings of, law of iambic shortening applied to, 129-132;
formation of, 180-203;
roots and stems, 183-198;
without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;
with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203;
suffixes of, 204-279, see Suffix;
compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390;
inflection of, 398-607, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;
adjs. used as, with -e, -ī in abl. sing., 558, 561, 631;
advs. from, 696-700, 703, 708, 710.
Modifiers of, 1038-1047;
obj. of, defined, 1046;
pred., see Predicate;
agreement of, 1077-1081, see Agreement.
Uses of, 1099-1468;
used adjectively, 1042;
adjs. used as, 1099-1104, 1106, 1093, 1250;
with acc. appended, 1129, 1136;
with dat. appended, 1183, 1208, 1225;
with gen., 1227-1262;
with abl. appended, 1301, 1307, 1309, 1314, 1342, 1375-1377;
with loc. appended, 1301, 1331;
omitted in abl. abs. 1371;
used alone as abl. abs., 1372;
used as preps., 1406;
combination of, by a prep., 1426-1428;
prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;
repetition of prep. with several, 1429;
omission of prep. with several, 1430;
two preps. with one subst., 1431, 1432;
qualified by adv., 1439-1441;
advs. used as, 1442;
subordinate sentences with value of, 1715;
expressed in both members of rel. sentence, 1795, 1796;
put before the rel., 1797;
omitted before rel., 1798;
rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820;
quod clause with value of, 1845;
complementary clause with value of, 1948;
infin. as subst. acc., 2204-2206;
with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252;
with dat. of gerundive construction 2254;
with gen. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2258;
the subst. partic., 2287-2292.
Substitution,
of consonants, 147-164, passim;
of l for d or r, 147, 148;
of r for s, 154;
of h for guttural aspirate, 152;
of b for p, 164, 2;
of g for c, 164, 6;
of d for t, 149, 2.
Suffix,
formative, defined, 195;
nouns with, 195-198, 200-203;
nouns without, 195, 198, 199;
simple and compound, defined, 200;
preceded by vowel, 202.
Substantive suffixes, 204-279;
primitive, 204-245;
denominative, 246-279, 226, 227, 232;
denoting agent, 204-211;
denoting action, 212-237, 249;
forming collectives, 228, 249;
denoting concrete effect, 213, 217, 224, 241;
denoting instrument or means, 238-245, 213, 224;
denoting result, 213, 222, 231, 234-236, 239, 249, 296;
denoting quality, 246-264;
denoting person concerned, 265, 309;
denoting place, 266, 228, 241, 242, 245, 249, 308, 309, 314, 334;
forming diminutives, 267-278;
denoting patronymics, 279.
Adjective suffixes, 280-360;
primitive, 280-297, 305;
denominative, 298-360, 287;
denoting active quality, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;
denoting passive quality, 291-297,
282, 283;
denoting material or resemblance, 299-301;
denoting appurtenance, 302-330;
denoting supply, 331-338;
forming diminutives, 339, 340;
compar. suffixes, 346-348;
superl. suffixes, 349-352;
denoting place, 317, 321, 347.
Adverb suffixes, diminutive, 341;
of compar. and superl., 361-364.
Verbal suffixes, denominative, 365-375;
frequentative or intensive, 371-374;
desiderative, 375;
meditative, 375;
inceptive or inchoative, 834;
-nō, -tō, -iō, 832, 833, 835-838.
Pronoun suffix -met, 650, 655;
-pte, 655;
-ce, 662-664, 669, 670.
Summary,
asyndeton of, 2127.
Superlative,
Of adjs., suffixes of, 349-352;
of adjs. in -er, 344, 350;
of adjs. in -ilis, 345, 350, 359;
lacking, 359, 360;
formed from stems and roots, 342;
formed by māximē, 360.
Of adverbs, endings of, 361-363;
lacking, 364;
with gen., 1242.
Use of summus, &c., 1249;
abl. with words of superl. meaning, 1393;
used when two things are compared, 1456;
expressed by compar. and neg., 1462;
of more than two things, 1465;
strengthened by ūnus, quam, maximē, &c., 1466, 1892, 1903;
denoting high degree, 1467;
absolute, 1467;
of eminence, 1467, 1468;
strengthened by a compar., 1468;
accompanied by vel, 1671;
agreeing with a rel., 1810;
tam... quam quī, quantus, ut, &c., 1892;
double, with quam... tam, 1893;
represented by quamvīs with adj. or adv., 1903;
ut quisque, quisque with, 1939.
Supine,
acc. or abl. of substs. in -tu- (-su-), 235, 2269;
the supines, verbal nouns, 732, 2269;
formation of, 900;
lacking, 900;
denoting purpose, 1166, 2270;
use of supine in -um, 2269-2273;
use of supine in -ū, 2269, 2274-2277.
Surds, 75.
Surprise,
expressed by dat., 1211;
questions of, 1532, 1566-1569;
verbs of, with quod, quia, 1851;
with cum, 1851, 1875;
with acc. and infin., 2187, 2188, 2184;
expressed by infin., 2216.
Syllaba anceps, 2533, 2534.
Syllabic function, 22, 82, 83.
Syllables,
final, vowel of shortened, 129-132;
see Shortening;
vowel of retained long, 132;
quantity of, 177;
containing h, qu, 177;
containing short vowel before mute or f followed by l or r, 178;
division of, 175;
names of, 175;
irrational, 2524;
see Accent, Atonic.
Synaeresis, 2500.
Synaloepha, 2498.
Synapheia, 2510.
Syncope,
defined, 111, 168, 2508;
in versification, 2541.
Synecdochical,
acc., see Part concerned.
Synizesis, 117, 2499.
System,
the pres., 828-853, 365-367, 738-740;
the perf., 854-919, 738-740, see Formation;
in versification, defined, 2547.
Systolé, 2507.