A — A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges by George Martin Lane

A

Abbreviations,

C. for Gāius, 20;

Cn. for Gnaeus, 20;

Ↄ. for Gāia, 20;

K. for Kalendae, 20.

Ability,

verbal expressions of, in indic. with infin., 1495, 1496;

in impf. indic., 1497;

in conditional periods, 2074, 2101;

words of, with gerundive construction, 2254.

Ablative case,

defined, 419;

sing., how formed, 425, 426;

plur., how formed, 428;

lacking, see Defective;

of words in -tu- (-su-), 235, 430.

-ā- stems, in -ād, 426, 443;

in -eis, 440, 443;

in -āīs and -ēīs, 441;

in -īs for iīs, 440;

in -ābus, 442;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems, in -ōd, 426, 465;

in -āīs, -ēīs, -ōīs, 458;

in -ōbus, 464;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, for -ē-, no certain evidence is cited, 502;

substs., in -ī and -ei, 502, 507;

adjs., in -ī, 503, 622, 626;

in -īd, 426, 507;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, substs., in -ī, -e, 552-558, 561, 517-527, 531;

adjs., in -ī, -e, 558-561, 525-537, 634-636;

adjs., in -ī alone, 559, 629;

pres. part., in -ī, -e, 560, 633;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, in -uō (-ūd), 593;

in -ubus, 592;

inscriptional forms, 593.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, tū, suī, 648, 650, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653-655;

of hīc, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667, 668;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673, 674;

of īdem, 677, 678;

of ipse, 680;

of quī, quis, 688-690;

of aliquis, &c., 692.

Uses of, 1296-1400;

general, 1296-1301;

meaning of, 1297, 1299, 1300;

as adv., 703-707, 1376;

combined with acc., 1199, 1303.

Ablative proper, 1297, 1302-1330;

attached to subst., 1301, 1313, 1314;

of separation, want, departure, 1302-1306, 1293, 1294;

denoting place from which, with town and island names, 1307-1310;

denoting origin and place from which, with country names, 1309, 1310;

in dates, 1307;

domō, rūre, humō, 1311;

of source, stuff, or material, 1312-1315;

of the doer of an action, 1318, 1319, 1476, 1477, 2243;

of cause, influence, or motive, 1316-1319;

with faciō and sum, denoting that with which or to which something is done, 1315;

causā, grātiā, &c., 1257, 1317;

denoting person, equivalent to abstract, 1319;

of comparison, 1320-1330;

with alter, alius, 1323;

with compar. advs., 1327;

in expressions of age, 1329;

opīniōne, exspectātiōne, spē, 1330;

amplius, longius, plūs, minus, 1328, 1329;

with judicial verbs, 1280-1282.

Locative ablative, 1299, 1331-1355;

attached to subst., 1301, 1331;

in dates, 1307, 1331;

domī, rūrī, humī, orbī, 1337;

bellī, mīlitiae, 1338;

joined with loc. adv., 1340;

of place where, with town and island names, 1331-1335, 1342, 1343;

of place where, with forum, urbs, oppidum, &c., 1332, 1333;

of place where, with other appellatives, 1344, 1347;

of place where, with country names, 1336, 1347;

with teneō, recipiō, &c., 1348;

with fīdō, cōnfīdō, glōrior, laetor, nītor, stō, frētus, 1349;

of time at which, 1341, 1350, 1351;

of time within which, 1352-1354;

of time during which, 1355.

Instrumental ablative 1300, 1356-1399;

of accompaniment, 1356, 1357;

with iūnctus, coniūnctus, 1357;

of manner, 1358-1361;

absolute, 1362-1374, see also 1533, 1900, 2110, 2121;

of quality, 1375;

of the route taken, 1376;

of instrument or means, 1377-1384, 1476, 1477;

with fruor, fungor, potior, ūtor, vēscor, ūsus est, opus est, 1379-1384;

of specification, 1385;

with verbs of fulness, 1386;

with adjs. of fulness, 1387;

of measure, exchange, price, 1388-1392;

with dignus, indignus, &c., 1392;

of amount of difference, 1393-1399, 1153, 1154, 1459;

of time before or after which, 1394, 1154;

with absum and distō, 1153;

of intervāllum and spatium in designations of distance, 1399;

of persons, instead of abl. with ab, 1477.

Combined with other abls. in same sentence, 1400;

with in and sub after verbs of rest, 1423;

with in after verbs of motion, 1424;

of gerundive construction and gerund, 2265-2268;

supine in -ū as, 235, 2269, 2277.

Abounding,

verbs of, with gen., 1293;

with abl., 1386;

adjs. of, with gen., 1263, 1264;

with abl., 1387.

Abridgement,

of sentences, 1057, 2111.

Abstaining,

verbs of, with gen., 1294;

with abl., 1302-1306, 1294;

with quīn, 1986.

Abstract,

substs., defined, 7;

plur. of, 416, 1109;

subst. suffixes denoting quality, 246-264;

adj. suffixes denoting quality, 281-297;

suffixes denoting action, 212-237, 249, 285;

abstract in rel. sentence instead of in main sentence, 1800.

Acatalectic verse,

defined, 2537.

Accent,

general rules of, 84-91;

in gen. and voc. of -o- decl., 87;

on final syllable, 88;

marks of, 29, 3; 30; 85;

of proclitics and enclitics, 92-94;

of preps., 92;

of rel. and indef. prons., 92;

of compounds of faciō, 394;

in verse, 2548.

Accentual,

verse, 2548;

verse, in carmina, 2549;

theory of the Saturnian, 2553.

Accompaniment,

abl. of, 1356, 1357.

Accomplishing,

verbs of, with subjv., 1579, 1712;

with purpose clause, 1951;

with result clause, 1955, 1965;

with acc. and infin., 2196.

Accusative case,

defined, 419;

sing., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

plur., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

sing. and plur., of gender nouns, how formed, 424;

lacking, see Defective;

ending in d, 149.

-ā- stems, in -ām, 436;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems, in -om and -um, 452;

in -ā-, 130, 2; 461;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, in -īs, 505, 507, 622;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, in -im, -em, 547-551, 517-525;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, inscriptional forms, 593.

Adverbs from, 699-702, 549, 1156.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, tū, suī, 648, 650, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653-655;

of hīc, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673;

of īdem, 677;

of ipse, 680.

Uses of, 1124-1174;

general, 1124-1131.

Of the object, 1132-1150;

with compounds of ad, circum, ex, in, ob, per, prae, praeter, trāns, 1137;

double, with verbs compounded with preps., 1138, 1198;

with verbs of feeling, commonly intrans., 1139;

emphasizing or defining, 1140-1146, 1173, 1475;

of kindred derivation with verb, 1140, 1173;

of kindred meaning with verb, 1141;

neut., of adj., with verb, 1142;

with verbs of smelling and tasting, 1143;

neut., of pron., with verbal expression, 1144, 1840, 1851;

of appellative, used adverbially, 1145;

attached to subst., 1129, 1146;

of part concerned, 1147;

of thing put on or off, 1148;

of exclamation, 1149, 1150, 2112;

with verb not expressed, 1150.

Of space and time, 1151-1156, 1475;

with abhinc, 1154;

with ordinals, 1155;

expressing ‘time at which,’ 1156;

of aim of motion, 1157-1166;

of end of motion with in and sub, 1423;

with verbs of rest, 1424;

with names of towns, islands, peninsulas, 1157-1160;

with names of countries, 1161;

with appellatives, 1159, 1161;

domum, rūs, forās, 1162-1164;

exsequiās, īnfitiās, malam crucem, malam rem, 1165.

Two accusatives combined, 1167-1174;

of obj. and pred., 1167, 1168;

with verbs of teaching, hiding, demanding, questioning, 1169-1171;

with verbs of wishing, reminding, inducing, accusing, 1172;

defining acc. and acc. of person, 1173;

acc. of extent or duration or aim of motion and acc. of object, 1174.

With verbs otherwise taking dat., 1184, 1185;

with compounds of verbs of intrans. use, 1191;

combined with dat. or abl., 1199, 1303;

with propior, proximus, prope, &c., 1201;

with nōmen dō, &c., 1214;

pred., instead of dat., 1221, 1224;

with prep., instead of objective gen., 1261;

with verbs of remembering and forgetting, 1288;

with verbs of reminding, 1291;

with per, to express instrument, 1378;

with abūtor, fungor, fruor, perfruor, potior, 1380;

with opus est, 1383;

with ūsus est, 1384;

with post and ante in expressions of time, 1394-1397;

of extent, with verbs of surpassing, 1398;

with comparatives, 1398;

with preps., see Prepositions.

With infin., 1134, 2172-2203, 2312, 2313, 2321, 2330-2334;

infin. as subst. acc., 2204-2206;

acc. subj. of infin. omitted, 2183;

pred. noun referring to unexpressed subj. of infin. in, 2213;

use of reflexive pron. in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;

obj. of gerundive, 2247;

acc. of gerundive and gerund, use of, 2250-2253, 2243;

obj. of gerund, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265;

supine in -um as, 235, 1166, 2269;

following supine in -um, 2272.

Accusing,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1172;

with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282;

with quod, 1852;

with cūr, 1852;

with acc. and infin., 2185.

Acquitting,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1172;

with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282.

Action,

suffixes denoting, 212-237, 249, 285;

words denoting, range of meaning of, 213.

Conceivable, subjv. of, in simple sentence, 1554-1562;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

in rel. characteristic or result sentences, 1818;

in quam sentences, 1888;

in quamquam sentences, 1901;

in sentences of result with ut, 1947;

in sentences of purpose with ut, 1962;

in sentences with quandō, 2010;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753.

Congruent and coincident, 1733;

coincident, introduced by quod, quia, 1850;

introduced by quī, 1826;

introduced by cum, 1874.

Repeated, subjv. of, 1730;

non-occurrent, tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753;

defined, 2024;

treated, 2091-2108, see Conditional;

pres., &c., see Present, &c.;

continued, see Continued.

Active voice,

defined, 723, 1469;

pereō, vēneō, fīō, meaning of, 1471;

of coepī and dēsinō, 1483;

perf. partic. with force of, 907, 1485;

deponents having, 1488, 1489;

deponents having pres. system in, 1488;

changed to pass., 1472-1480.

Adjectives,

defined, 8;

iambic shortening of the endings of, 129, 130;

used substantively, with -e, -ī in abl. sing., 558, 561, 631;

pres. partic. used as, with -ī in abl. sing., 560, 633;

formation of, 180-203;

roots and stems, 183-198;

without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203.

Suffixes of, 280-360;

primitive, with act. meaning, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;

primitive, with pass. meaning, 291-297, 282, 283, 305;

denominative, 298-360, 287;

of material or resemblance, 299-301;

of appurtenance, 302-330;

of supply, 331-338;

diminutive, 339, 340;

of the compar., 342-348;

of the superl., 342-345, 349-352;

comparison of, see Comparison.

Compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390, see Composition;

inflection of, 398-643, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

of ‘one,’ ‘two,’ ‘three’ endings, 611.

Agreement of, 1082-1098;

used substantively, 1099-1104, 1106, 1093, 1203, 1250;

with acc. appended, 1130;

neut. acc. of, denoting manner, 1142;

pred., with verbs of making, choosing, naming, &c., 1167;

with dat., 1183, 1200-1204;

with acc., 1201;

with acc. and prep., 1201;

with gen., 1202-1204, 1238, 1245, 1263-1270;

with abl., 1202, 1306;

with loc., 1339;

instead of gen., 1233, 1262;

compar., with abl. or with quam, 1320-1330;

prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;

two adjs. compared, 1457;

explanatory, put in rel. sentence, 1810;

rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820;

quamquam with, 1900;

quamvīs with, 1903;

infin. with, 2166;

gerundive used as, 2248, 2249;

with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252;

with dat. of gerundive construction, 2254;

with gen. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2258;

with supine in -ū, 2274;

partic. as, 2283, 2284;

adj. relatives, see Relative;

pred., see Predicate;

attributive, see Attributive;

numeral, see Numeral adjectives.

Adjunct,

adverbial, defined, 1053.

Admiring,

verbs of, with gen., 1286.

Adonic,

the, 2655-2657.

Advantage,

dat. of, 1178, 1205-1210.

Adverbial,

adjunct, defined, 1053;

acc., 1140-1146;

ablatives, iūre, ratiōne, &c., 1358.

Adverbs,

defined, 10, 696;

diminutives of, 341;

comparison of, 361-364;

compounded with nouns or noun stems, 382, 383, 385;

compounded with verbs, 396;

in -im, 549, 700, 710;

origin of, 696-710, 712;

from acc., 699-702, 549, 1156;

from abl., 703-707;

from loc., 708, 709, 1340;

from prons., 706, 710;

from adjs., 701, 702, 704, 705;

from partic., 704, 1372;

denoting route by which, 707, 1376;

of manner, 700, 704, 710;

of place at which, 708, 709;

of place to which, 710;

of place from which, 710;

sentences as, 712;

correlative, 711, 1831;

adjs. used with force of, 1142-1146.

With gen., 1242, 1248, 1253, 1254;

acc. of appellative used as, 1145;

compar., followed by abl. or quam, 1327-1330;

development into preps., 696, 1402-1404;

preps. with force of, 1407, 1408, 1432;

words used as preps. and advs., 1412-1416, 1421;

prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;

function of, 1438;

with meaning of adj., 1439;

with partic. used as substs., 1440;

with substs., 1441;

used in place of substs., 1442;

use of neg. advs., 1443-1453;

neg. advs., two in one sentence, 1452, 1453;

two advs., compared, 1457;

used as connectives, 1687-1692, 2133-2159;

postpositive, 1688;

subordinate sentences as, 1715;

quō, unde, &c., in place of rel. pron. with prep., 1793;

indef. rel., introducing indic., 1814;

numeral, 2404, 2405;

numeral, forms in -iēns, -iēs, 2414.

Adversative,

words, use of, 1676-1686, 2131, 2150-2153.

Advising,

verbs of, case with, 1181-1185;

with purpose clause, 1950.

Affirmative,

expressed by two negatives, 1452;

answer, expected with -ne, -n, 1504;

answer, expected with nōnne, 1506;

answer, expected with num, 1507;

answer, how expressed, 1511, 1512;

meaning of haud sciō an, &c., 1782;

coordination, 2159;

sentence, aliquis in, 2390;

sentence, quīvīs, quīlibet, utervīs, uterlibet in, 2401.

Agent,

suffixes denoting, 204-211;

of action, see Doer.

Agreement,

of subst., 1077-1081;

of mobile substs., 1078;

explaining two or more substs., 1079;

collective or distributive, explaining plur., 1080;

in apposition with thought or clause, 1081.

Of adjective, 1082-1098;

with persons or things implied in subst., 1083;

attributive, with one of several substs., 1084;

attributive, sing. with plur. subst., 1085;

with combined adj. and subst., 1086;

pred., with substs. denoting persons, 1088;

with substs. denoting things, 1089;

with substs. denoting persons and things, 1090;

with nearest subst., 1091;

absente nōbīs, 1092;

neut. adj. used as subst. in pred., 1093.

Of verb, 1062-1076, 1080, 1807;

in plur. with several sing. subjs., 1064, 1065;

in sing. with several sing. subjs., 1066, 1067;

with mixed subjs., sing. and plur., 1068;

with sing. subj. and abl. with cum, 1069;

when subjs. are connected by nec... nec, aut, aut... aut, 1070;

with collectives, 1071;

agreeing with appositive or pred. subst., 1072;

when subjs. are of different pers., 1076;

agreeing with subst. introduced by quam, &c., 1073;

age, &c., 1075;

agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel. or implied antec., 1807.

Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., 1093-1098, 1801-1811;

agreement determined by sense, 1095, 1804;

with several substs., 1096, 1803;

agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806;

in agreement, equivalent to gen., 1098.

Aim,

of motion, denoted by acc., 1157-1166;

of motion, acc. of, combined with a second acc., 1174;

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1949.

Alcaic,

strophe, 2545;

the nine-syllabled, 2642;

the lesser (decasyllabic), 2663;

the greater (hendecasyllabic), 2667, 2668;

in Horace, 2736.

Alcmanian,

verse, 2577;

strophe, 2724.

Alphabet,

treated, 16-29;

source of, 18;

changes in, 17, 19, 21, 25;

letters of, gender, 412;

see Pronunciation.

Amphibrach, 2522.

Anaclasis, 2711.

Anacrusis, 2529, 2530.

Analogical lengthening, 123.

Anapaest,

defined, 2521;

cyclic, 2523.

Anapaestic,

rhythms, 2682-2690;

tetrameter acatalectic, 2684, 2685;

tetrameter catalectic, 2686;

dimeter acatalectic, 2687;

dimeter catalectic, 2688, 2689.

Anaphora, 1692.

Anaptyctical vowel, 172; 111, b.

Annalistic present, 1591.

Answers,

forms of expected, 1504-1510, 1563;

yes and no, how expressed, 1511-1514;

of alternative questions, how expressed, 1525.

Antecedent,

defined, 1796;

position of, 1796-1798;

omitted, 1798, 1799;

indef., 1799;

implied in possess., 1807;

rules for agreement of rel. with, 1082-1098, 1801-1811;