I
Iambelegus, 2678, 2679.
Iambic,
words, last syllable of, shortened in verse, 129;
shortening, law of, 129, 2470;
rhythms, 2581-2627;
trimeter (senarius), 2583-2596;
choliambus, 2597-2600;
trimeter catalectic, 2601-2603;
tetrameter acatalectic, 2604-2609;
septenarius, 2610-2616;
dimeter acatalectic, 2617-2620;
dimeter catalectic, 2621-2623;
acatalectic dipody and catalectic tripody, 2624;
versus Reizianus, 2625, 2626;
trimeter, in Horace, 2719;
strophe, in Horace, 2720.
Iambus, 2521.
Ictus, 2511;
in combination with word accent, 2548.
Identity,
pron. of, decl. of, 676-678;
use of, 2371-2373;
see īdem.
Illative,
words, use of, 2133, 2154-2158.
Illustrations,
ut in, 1941;
introduced by nam, 2155.
Imparisyllables,
defined, 469;
decl. of, cons. stems, 471-512;
-i- stems, 529-569;
gender of, 571-584.
Imperative,
with short final vowel, 130, 4;
tense of, 716, 1575;
of dīcō, dūcō, faciō, 113, 846;
of compounds of dūcō, 846;
accent of compounds of dīc, dūc, 88;
endings of, 297, 731;
in -d, 748;
formation of, 844-846;
perf., 879, 813;
sing., of more than one, 1075;
with quīn, 1527;
in commands, 1571-1580;
accompanied by amābō, age, sānē, &c., 1572, 1573, 1992;
in protasis of conditional sentence, 1574, 2032, 2038, 2056, 2063;
use of third person and longer forms, 1575-1578;
the fut., 1575;
fac, fac ut, cūrā ut, vidē, &c., 1579;
periphrastic perf. pass., 1580;
in prohibitions, 1581-1586;
nōn used with, 1582;
nōlī, 1583;
fuge, parce, mitte, &c., with infin., 1584;
cavē̆, cavē̆ nē, fac nē, &c., 1585;
in laws, treaties, &c., 1575, 1586;
asyndeton in, 1641;
in coordination, 1574, 1697, 1710-1712, 1787;
primary, 1717;
sentence, defined, 1025; in ind. disc., 2312.
Imperfect tense,
indicative, formation of, 847, 848;
-āt, 132;
dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478;
uses of, in simple sentence, 1594-1601, 1495-1497;
of action not performed in the past, 1495;
of action not performed at present time, 1497;
of past action going on, 1594;
of past action lasting while something occurs, 1595;
of repeated or customary action, 1596;
of past action still continued in past, 1597;
of action suddenly recognized, 1598;
in descriptions and general truths, 1599;
in letters and messages, 1601;
in conative use, 2302;
sequence of, 1717, 1740-1745, 1747, 1760, 2322, 2328;
in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733-1735;
independent, 1738;
with cum, 1860, 1861, 1864, 1865;
with antequam, priusquam, 1918;
with postquam, ubĭ̄, ut, &c., 1930, 1932, 1933;
with dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2009;
in conditional prot., 2023, 2042-2047, 2068;
in conditional apod., 2023, 2028, 2044, 2050, 2101, 2102, 2104, 2106.
Subjunctive, formation of, 849, 850;
-ēt, 132;
in wishes, 1544, 1545;
in expressions of obligation or necessity, 1552;
of action conceivable, 1559, 1560, 1565;
of past action, 1545, 1559, 1563, 1565, 1567, 1569;
of repeated action, 1730;
in subordinate sentence, following secondary, 1747, 1762, 1766, 1771, 2322;
referring to fut. time, 1743, 1749, 2324;
following primary, 1751, 1753, 2329;
following pres. of vivid narration and pres. of quotation, 1752;
following perf. definite, 1754;
following perf. infin. or perf. partic., 1767;
secondary, 1762;
with indef. rel. pron. or adv., 1814;
with cum, 1872, 1873;
with quotiēns, quotiēnscumque, 1887;
with antequam, priusquam, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920;
with posteā quam, postquam, &c., 1924;
with dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007-2009;
with modo, 2003;
in conditional prot. of indeterminate protases, 2024, 2071, 2089;
in conditional prot. of action non-occurrent, 2091, 2092, 2094-2097;
in conditional apod, of indeterminate protases, 2024, 2040, 2047, 2051, 2068, 2071, 2073, 2082, 2088, 2089;
in conditional apod. of action non-occurrent, 2091, 2092, 2094, 2098;
with quasi, tamquam sī, &c., 2120;
in conditional apod. of direct discourse, how represented in ind. disc., 2331-2334.
Impersonal,
verbs, forms of, 815-817;
defined, 1034;
classified, 815, 816, 1034;
in pass., with dat., 1181; used personally, 1181, 1284;
of mental distress, with gen., 1283;
verbs of trans. use used as, 1479;
verbs of intrans. use used as, 724, 763, 1479;
with infin. as subj., 2208-2210;
use of abl. of perf. partic., 1372;
īrī with supine, 2273;
construction, with verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying, 2177-2182;
fruendum, fungendum, &c., 2244;
of other gerundives, 2180, 2246, 2247.
Imprecation,
expressed by imper., 1571;
in verse, 2549.
Inceptives,
defective, 808;
formation of, 834;
the, 927, 939, 965, 968, 976, 980, 984;
meaning of perf. of, 1607;
quantity of vowel preceding -scō, 2462.
Inchoatives,
see Inceptives.
Incomplete action,
expressed by gerundive construction, 2240;
expressed by perf. partic., 2280;
see Continued.
Indeclinable,
adjs., 431, 637, 642;
centum, 637;
see Defective.
Indefinite,
advs., 711;
prons., decl. and list of, 658, 659, 681-694;
adj. and subst. forms of, 686;
abl., quī, quīcum, 689;
table of correlative prons., 695;
questions introduced by ecquis, &c., 1509;
nesciō quis, nesciō unde, sciō ut, &c., 1788, 1789;
rel. prons. and advs., followed by indic., 1814;
use of, 2388-2403, see quis, &c.
Use of 2nd pers. sing., in commands and prohibitions, 1550, 1551;
of action conceivable, 1556, 1558, 1559;
of repeated action, 1730;
in cum sentences, 1859, 1860;
with antequam, priusquam, 1912;
with postquam, ubī̆, ut, &c., 1924;
with sīve... sīve, 2019;
in conditional sentences, 2070.
Antecedent, omitted, 1799;
multī, quīdam, &c., used with sunt quī, &c., 1822;
abl. quī used with quippe, ut, 1828;
adv., quamquam, 1899;
adv., quamvīs, 1903;
adv., quamlibet, 1907;
use of ut quisque, 1939;
use of quō quisque, 1973;
adv., quandō, 2010;
time, with quandō, 2011;
time, denoted by impf. subjv. of action non-occurrent, 2091;
subj., of infin., not expressed, 2212;
expressed, 2212;
unexpressed, with pred. noun in acc., 2213;
in 1st pers. plur. and 2nd pers. sing., omitted, 1030.
Independent,
time, of subordinate sentence, 1738, 1744.
Indeterminate,
meaning, verbs of, 1035;
with pred. nom., forming pred., 1035;
rel. agreeing with pred. subst., 1806;
period, defined, 2024;
protases, defined, 2023;
treated, 2025-2090, see Conditional;
in pres. or perf. subjv. in ind. disc. after secondary, 2328;
apodoses to, in ind. disc., 2330.
Indicative mood,
tenses of, 716;
how translated, 717.
Formation of tenses of, pres., 828-840;
impf., 847, 848; perf., 854-875;
stem without suffix, 858-866;
stem in -s-, 867, 868;
stem in -v- or -u-, 869-875;
fut., 851-853;
plup., 880;
fut. perf., 882-884;
short or old forms, 885-893.
Uses of, in declarations, 1493;
the neg. of, 1494;
in verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity, &c., 1495-1497;
in questions and exclamations, 1499-1533, see Questions;
use of tenses in simple sentence, 1587-1633, see Present, &c.;
in subordinate sentence, 1732-1739;
tenses of, sequence after, 1717, 1746-1761;
general rule for indic. in subordinate sentence, 1721;
in ind. disc., 1729, 2318;
with sī, sī forte, 1777;
with nesciō quis, &c., 1788, 1789;
with mīrum quantum, &c., 1790;
in rel. sentence equivalent to conditional prot., 1812;
in rel. sentence of simple declaration or description, 1813;
in rel. sentence introduced by indef. pron. or adv., 1814;
with sunt quī, &c., 1823;
with quī tamen, 1825;
in rel. sentence resembling causal sentence, 1826;
with quippe quī, ut quī, ut pote quī, 1827;
with quippe quī (adv.), ut quī, 1828;
quod attinet ad, &c., 1830;
with quod, quia, 1838-1858;
with cum, 1859-1871, 1873-1876, 1881;
with quoniam, 1882-1884;
with quotiēns, quotiēnscumque, 1885, 1886;
with quam, 1888-1895;
with quantum, ut, 1892;
with quamquam, 1899, 1900;
with quamvīs, 1905, 1906;
with tamquam, 1908;
with quemadmodum, 1908;
with antequam, priusquam, 1911-1921;
with prīdiē quam, postrīdiē quam, 1922;
with postquam, ubī̆, ut, cum prīmum, 1923-1934;
with utī, ut, 1935-1946;
with ubī̆, 1971;
with quō, quī, 1972, 1973, 1976;
with quantō, 1973;
with dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū, 1991-2009;
with quandō, 2010-2014;
in conditional periods of indeterminate protases, 2023, 2025-2071, 2074, 2078-2081, 2086, 2087, 2090;
in conditional periods of action non-occurrent, 2092, 2097, 2100-2108, 2112-2114;
with etsī, tametsī, tamenetsī, etiamsī, sī, 2116.
Indirect compound,
defined, 377, see Composition.
Indirect discourse,
defined, 1723, 2309;
verbs introducing, 1724, 2309;
with main verb not expressed, 1725, 2310, 2319;
verb of saying, introduced by quī, quod, cum, put illogically in subjv., 1727, 2320;
subjv. of attraction, 1728;
sequence of tenses in, 1770-1772;
in quod sentences, 1838, 2319;
in quia sentences, 2319;
in quoniam sentences, 1882-1884;
in quamquam sentences, 1901;
in tamquam sentences, 1909;
in antequam, priusquam sentences, 1916, 1919, 1921;
in sentences with postquam, ubī̆, ut, &c., 1924;
with nōn dubitō, 1987;
with dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū, 1994, 1995, 2005, 2007, 2008;
in sentences with quandō, 2010;
fut. perf. of main sentence how represented in, 2234;
mood of main sentence in, 2312-2314;
declarative sentences in, 2312;
imper. sentences in, 2312;
interrogative sentences in, 2312;
rhetorical questions in, 2313;
original subjv. questionsin, 2314;
mood of subordinate sentences in, 1722-1729, 2315-2320;
indic. in, 1729, 1995, 2318;
rel. sentence equivalent to main sentence in acc. with infin., 2316;
sentences introduced by conjunctive particles in acc. with infin., 2317;
tense of infin. in, 2321;
tense of subjv. in, 2322-2324;
fut. and fut. perf. of subordinate sentence how represented in, 2324;
use of prons. in, 2325, 2341, 2342;
conditional protases in, 2326-2329;
conditional apodoses in, 2330-2334;
see Infinitive.
Indirect object,
see Complement.
Indirect question,
see Questions.
Induced lengthening, 122.
Infinitive,
in -e, -ē, 134, 2;
gender of, 412;
the infinitives, verbal nouns, 732, 2160-2163;
fut. act. and pass, and perf. pass., 732, 898, 2273;
short or old forms of, 885-893;
the fut. perf., 887;
formation of, 894-898;
pass. in -ier, 897.
Use of, treated, 2160-2236;
origin and character of, 2160-2163;
old and poetical use of, 2164-2166;
of purpose, 2164, 2165;
with adjs., 2166;
ordinary use of, 2167-2215;
the complementary, 2168-2171, 2223, 1953;
acc. with, 2172-2203;
acc. with, origin of construction of, 1134, 2172, 2173;
with verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying, 2175-2184, 2219, 2226;
with verbs of accusing, 2185;
with verbs of hoping, promising, threatening, 2186;
with verbs of emotion, 2187, 2188, 2184;
with verbs of desire, 2189-2192, 2228;
with verbs of resolving, 2191;
with verbs of demanding, 2194;
with suādeō, persuādeō, precor, 2195;
with verbs of accomplishing, 2196;
with verbs of teaching and training, 2197;
with verbs of bidding, forbidding, allowing, 2198-2202;
with verbs of hindering, 2203, 1960;
as subst. acc., 2204-2206;
as subj., 2207-2215;
of exclamation, 2216;
use of pres., 2218-2222, 2236;
use of perf., 2218, 2220, 2223-2231;
use of fut., 2218, 2232-2236;
fut. pass., use of, 2273;
with verbs signifying represent, 2299;
in declarative sentences in ind. disc., 2312;
in rhetorical questions in ind. disc., 2313;
in rel. sentences equivalent to main sentences in ind. disc., 2316;
in conjunctive particle sentences in ind. disc., 2317;
force of tenses in ind. disc., 2321;
use of tenses in conditional apodoses in ind. disc., 2330-2334;
use of reflexive pron. in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;
partic. in agreement with, 1373;
act. and pass., with forms of coepī and dēsinō, 1483;
with forms of possum, queō, nequeō, 1484;
with nōlī, fuge, parce, mitte, &c., 1583, 1584;
of intimation, 1534-1539;
used interrogatively, 1538;
after cum, ubī̆, ut, postquam, 1539, 1868, 1869, 1924;
after dōnec, 2009;
sequence after, 1717, 1766-1769;
with dignus, indignus, idōneus, aptus, 1819;
with quam, 1898;
with verbs of fearing, 1959;
with sequitur, efficitur, 1965;
with nōn dubitō, 1987.
Inflection,
defined, 397;
of the noun, 398-712, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;
of the verb, 713-1022, see Conjugation, Formation, Verbs.
Influence,
abl. of, 1316-1319;
otherwise expressed, 1317;
see Inducing.
Initial,
disappearance, of vowel, 112;
of cons., 169.
Injuring,
expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.
Inscriptions,
cons. i, how represented in, 29, 2;
i longa in, 24;
long vowel, how represented in, 29;
the apex in, 29;
ou in, 100;
ai in, 96;
ē in, 29, 1;
oi, oe, ei in, 99;
final m dropped in, 61, 443, 465, 564;
final s dropped in, 465, 507, 564, 593;
ablatives in -ād, -ōd, -īd, -ūd, in, 426, 443, 465, 507, 593;
case forms of -ā- decl. in, 443;
of -o- decl. in, 465;
of cons. decl. in, 507;
of -i- decl. in, 564;
of -u- decl. in, 593;
of ego, tū, suī in, 651;
of meus, tuus, suus in, 654;
of hīc in, 665;
of ille in, 668;
of is in, 674;
of
īdem in, 678;
of quī, quis in, 690;
person endings in, 729;
form of sum in, 748;
form of possum in, 753;
forms of eō in, 764, 765;
form of tulī in, 781;
fut. perf. in, 884, 888;
perf. subjv. in, 877, 887;
pass. infin. in, 897, 965;
use of nom. in, 1114.
Instrument,
suffixes denoting, 238-245, 213, 224;
abl. of, 1377-1384, 1476, 1477.
Instrumental case,
meaning of, 1300;
uses of, 1356-1399, see Ablative.
Intensive,
verbs, definition and formation of, 371-374;
pron., decl. of, 656, 657, 679, 680;
use of, 2374-2384;
see ipse.
Intention,
dat. of, 1223-1225.
Interest,
dat. of, 1205-1210;
expressed by emotional dat., 1211.
Interjections,
defined, 14;
used with nom., 1117, 1123;
used with voc., 1123;
used with dat., 1206;
used with acc., 1149, 1150;
used with gen., 1295;
hiatus after, 2475;
monosyllabic, not elided, 2484.
Intermediate,
coordinate sentence, treated, 1693-1713.
Interrogations,
neg. adv. in, 1443;
as apod. in tam... quam sentences, 1889.
Interrogative adverbs, 711, 1526.
Interrogative implication,
infin. of intimation with, 1538.
Interrogative pronouns,
decl. of, 658, 659, 681-694;
adj. and subst. forms of, 683-685;
use of, in simple sentences, 1526-1533, 1787-1791;
in subjv. questions, 1563-1570;
in indirect question, 1785, 1786;
quid tibī̆ hanc cūrātiōst rem, 1136:
of kindred meaning with verb, 1144, 1840, 1851;
with verbs of intrans. use, 1183-1186;
with emotional dat., 1211;
with rēfert, interest, 1276-1279;
rel. developed from, 1795, 1808;
difference between uter and quis, quī, 2385;
difference between quis, quid, and quī, quod, 2386.
Interrogative sentences,
defined, 1025;
quisquam and ūllus in, 2402;
see Questions.
Interrogative subjunctive, 1563-1569;
in subordinate sentence, 1731;
in indirect question, 1786.
Intimation,
infin. of, 1534-1539, 1717, 1868, 1869, 1924, 2009.
Intransitive use,
verbs of, used impersonally in pass., 724, 1479;
verbs of trans. use used as, 1133;
used transitively, 1137, 1139, 1191;
with dat., 1181-1191, 1205;
use of gerundive of, 2246.
Ionic,
rhythms, 2708-2717;
ā māiōre, 2708-2713;
ā minōre, 2708, 2709, 2714-2717;
system, in Horace, 2737.
Ionic ā māiōre,
defined, 2521;
see Ionic.
Ionic ā minōre,
defined, 2521;
see Ionic.
Irrational syllables and feet, 2524.
Irregular,
verbs, defined, 743;
conjugated, 744-781, see Conjugation.
Islands,
names of, in acc., with expressions of motion, 1157, 1158;
constructions with, to denote place from which, 1307-1310;
constructions with, to denote place in or at which, 1331-1336, 1342, 1343;
rel. advs., ubī̆, quō, unde, referring to, 1793.
Iterative,
see Frequentative.
Ithyphallic verse, 2647.