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The Circle of Knowledge

by Henry W. Ruoff

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  1. 1The Publisher’s Prefatory
  2. 2Editor’s Acknowledgments
  3. 3Book of the Heavens
  4. 4Book of the Earth
  5. 5Book of the Vegetable Kingdom
  6. 6Book of the Animal Kingdom
  7. 7Book of Races and Peoples
  8. 8Book of Nations: Geographical, Historical, Descriptive
  9. 9Book of Language and Literature
  10. 10Book of the Sciences and Invention
  11. 11Book of the Human Body
  12. 12Book of Biography
  13. 13Book of the Child World
  14. 14Color Plates
  15. 15Diagrams, Maps and Charts
  16. 16Other Full Page and Text Illustrations
  17. 17Book of the Heavens Descriptive and Explanatory
  18. 18The Worlds in the Skies
  19. 19The Solar System and Its Members
  20. 20Movements Within the Solar System
  21. 21Kepler’s Celebrated Laws of Planetary Movements
  22. 22The Gigantic Sun and His Function in the Solar System
  23. 23The Moon — The Earth’s Only Satellite
  24. 24Comets, Meteors and Sky Dust
  25. 25The Fixed Stars in the Heavens
  26. 26The Magnitudes and Grouping of the Stars
  27. 27The Wonderful Milky Way
  28. 28Nebulae and the Theory of the Universe
  29. 29The Varied Color of the Stars
  30. 30What Causes the Eclipses
  31. 31The Mythology of the Constellations
  32. 32Scientific Terms Used in Astronomy
  33. 33Book of the Earth
  34. 34Our Earth: Its Structure and Surface
  35. 35What the Heat of the Earth Shows
  36. 36What Causes the Internal Heat of the Earth
  37. 37How the Earth’s Crust Was Formed
  38. 38Shape of the Earth a Spheroid
  39. 39Size and Density of the Earth
  40. 40How We Know the Earth Is a Sphere
  41. 41The Rotation of the Earth
  42. 42The Earth a Series of Shells of Matter
  43. 43How the Earth’s Crust Is Constructed
  44. 44Materials of Which Rocks Are Composed
  45. 45What a Mineral Is
  46. 46Chief Rock-Forming Minerals
  47. 47Chief Chemical Elements Which Form Minerals
  48. 48How Rocks Are Classified
  49. 49Sedimentary or Stratified Rocks
  50. 50How the Metals Are Found
  51. 51A Geological View of the Growth of the Earth
  52. 52The Surface of the Earth — Land Forms of the World
  53. 53Mountains and Their Structures
  54. 54Islands of the World
  55. 55Volcanoes, Geysers and Earthquakes
  56. 56The Waters of the Earth
  57. 57Atmosphere, Climate and Weather
  58. 58The Atmosphere: Its Extent, Character, Use and Effect
  59. 59Climate and Weather
  60. 60Nature Wonders of Electricity and Light
  61. 61Useful Minerals of the Earth
  62. 62Scientific Terms Used in the Earth Sciences
  63. 63Book of the Vegetable Kingdom
  64. 64Relation and Distribution of Plant and Animal Life
  65. 65Tropical Life
  66. 66Life in the Temperate Zones
  67. 67Life in the Cold Zones
  68. 68Chief Divisions of the Plant Kingdom
  69. 69I | Cereals, Grasses and Forage Plants
  70. 70II | Kitchen Vegetables
  71. 71III | The Fruit Trees
  72. 72IV | Fruit-Bearing Shrubs and Plants
  73. 73V | Flowers and Other Ornamental Plants
  74. 74VI | Wild Flowers and Flowerless Plants
  75. 75VII | Trees of the Forest
  76. 76VIII | Fiber and Commercial Plants
  77. 77IX | Poisonous Plants
  78. 78X | Some Wonders of Plant Life
  79. 79Roots
  80. 80Stem
  81. 81Leaves
  82. 82Inflorescence
  83. 83Flower
  84. 84Calyx
  85. 85Corolla
  86. 86Stamens ( Andrœcium )
  87. 87Filament — Anther
  88. 88Pistils ( Gynœcium )
  89. 89Stigma · Style — Ovary
  90. 90Ovule
  91. 91Fruit
  92. 92Seed
  93. 93Botanical Classification of Plants
  94. 94Angiosperms (Leaves Parallel-Veined)
  95. 95Book of the Animal Kingdom
  96. 96Why and How Animals Are Classified
  97. 97Scientific Classification of the Dog
  98. 98Tabular View of Representative Animal Types
  99. 99The Mammals ( Mammalia )
  100. 100The Birds
  101. 101The Reptiles ( Reptilia ) Lizards, Chameleons, Snakes, Crocodiles,…
  102. 102Amphibians ( Amphibia ) Frogs, Newts, Salamanders and Toads
  103. 103The Fishes ( Pisces )
  104. 104The Molluscs ( Molluska ) Snails, Cuttlefishes, Squids, Octopus, Tusk…
  105. 105Jointed-Limbed Animals ( Arthropoda ) Crabs and Lobsters, Scorpions…
  106. 106Animals That Approach the Simplest Forms of Life Worms, Leeches…
  107. 107Protozoa or Simplest Forms of Animal Life Animalcules, Amoeba, Radi…
  108. 108Domesticated Animals
  109. 109Scientific Terms Concerning Animals
  110. 110Book of Races and Peoples
  111. 111Man and the Human Family
  112. 112How Man Differs from Other Animals
  113. 113Brain-Power the Supreme Difference
  114. 114Man and His Dead
  115. 115The Great Question of Man’s Origin
  116. 116Man’s Primeval Home and His Earliest Known Remains
  117. 117Probably the First Migrations of Man
  118. 118When the World Was First Peopled
  119. 119Evidences of Man’s Advancement in Prehistoric Ages
  120. 120Man in the Old Stone Age
  121. 121Man in the New Stone Age
  122. 122The Age of Letters or Pictographs
  123. 123How the Races Are Classified
  124. 124Distribution of the Caucasian or White Division of Mankind
  125. 125Distribution of the Mongolic or Yellow Division
  126. 126Distribution of the Negro, or Black Race
  127. 127Distribution of the American, or Red Division
  128. 128The Caucasian the Real Historic Race
  129. 129Three Divisions of the Caucasian Race
  130. 130The Supremacy of the Aryans in History
  131. 131Aryan Civilization Before the Migration
  132. 132Dictionary of the Historical Race Groups
  133. 133The Book of Nations Geographical, Historical, Descriptive
  134. 134The Ancient Extinct Nations
  135. 135Historical Geography and Discovery
  136. 136Where the First Civilizations Began
  137. 137The Region West of the Euphrates
  138. 138The Historic Plateau of Iran
  139. 139The Far Distant Orient
  140. 140Egypt Was a Gift to Mankind from the Nile
  141. 141The Divisions of Upper and Lower Egypt
  142. 142The Most Historic Sea in the World
  143. 143The World’s Greatest Explorers
  144. 144I | From Earliest Historic Records to the Time of Abraham, X-2250 B. C
  145. 145II | From the Age of Abraham to the Rise of Assyria, 2250-1100, B.c
  146. 146III | From the Development of the Assyrian Empire to the Time of Xe…
  147. 147IV | From the Accession of Xerxes the Great to the Period of the Pu…
  148. 148V | From the Beginning of the Punic or Carthaginian Wars to the Fou…
  149. 149VI | From the Beginning of the Roman Empire under Augustus to Its P…
  150. 150VII | From the Beginning of the Middle Ages to the Formation of the…
  151. 151VIII | From the Beginning of Mohammedan Power to the Treaty of Verdun…
  152. 152The Spell of Egypt: Ancient and Modern
  153. 153The History of Egypt
  154. 154Egyptian Government and Civilization
  155. 155Religion of the Egyptians
  156. 156Egyptian Architecture and Sculpture
  157. 157Sculpture and Painting
  158. 158Cities and Historic Monuments
  159. 159Babylonia — Assyria
  160. 160The Hebrews and the Holy Land — Palestine
  161. 161The Phœnicians
  162. 162The Medo-Persian Empire
  163. 163The Greeks: Glory of the Ancient World
  164. 164Rome: Mistress of the World
  165. 165The Dark and Middle Ages
  166. 166The Roman World Succeeded by the Germanic
  167. 167The Historic Dark Ages
  168. 168Real Nature of This Period
  169. 169The Eastern or Byzantine Empire
  170. 170Notable Reign and Service of Justinian
  171. 171Conquests of the Famous General Belisarius
  172. 172Lombards Conquer and Control Italy Until Time of Charlemagne
  173. 173The Empire Overrun by Persians and Greeks
  174. 174Decline of the Eastern Empire and Conquest by the Turks
  175. 175The Saracen Empire: Its Fanaticism, Art and Learning
  176. 176The “Koran” Became the Basis of Both Religion and Empire
  177. 177The Hegira or Flight of Mohammed
  178. 178His Religion Spread by the Sword
  179. 179Empire Extended by Conquests of the Caliphs
  180. 180Saracen Conquests in the East
  181. 181The Fury of Conquest in the West
  182. 182Subjugation of Spain and Southern Gaul
  183. 183Their Defeat by Charles Martel
  184. 184Division of Saracenic Empire
  185. 185Saracens Succeeded by the Moors in Spain
  186. 186Saracen Contributions to Learning and Art
  187. 187Germanic Empire of Charlemagne
  188. 188What the Dominions of Charlemagne Comprised
  189. 189The Central Plan of Charlemagne’s Empire
  190. 190Object of His Wars and His Chief Foes
  191. 191He Subdues the Saxons and Bavarians
  192. 192The First Union of the Germans under One Head
  193. 193Northern Italy United to His Empire
  194. 194Crowned by the Pope as Emperor of the West
  195. 195Charlemagne’s Contributions to the Civilization of His Time
  196. 196His Efforts for Education of His People
  197. 197Capital and Favorite Residence of Charlemagne
  198. 198The End of Charlemagne’s Great Empire
  199. 199IX | From the Treaty of Verdun to the Signing of Magna Charta by Ki…
  200. 200X | From the Signing of Magna Charta to the Discovery of America by…
  201. 201XI | From the Discovery of America by Columbus to the Peace of West…
  202. 202XII | From the Peace of Westphalia to the Close of American War of…
  203. 203XIII | From the Recognition of American Independence to the Establi…
  204. 204XIV | From the Establishment of the Second French Republic to the F…
  205. 205Living Nations of the World To-Day
  206. 206Independent Countries of the World Today
  207. 207Wealth of Nations
  208. 208The Continent of Europe
  209. 209The Nations of Europe — The Great Powers
  210. 210Secondary Powers of Europe
  211. 211The Continent of North America
  212. 212Leading Countries of South America
  213. 213Leading Countries of Asia
  214. 214The Colonial Divisions of the World
  215. 215The Great Foreign Wars of Universal History
  216. 216Great American and Foreign Battles
  217. 217Book of Language and Literature
  218. 218How to Speak Correct English
  219. 219Accent of Words
  220. 220Rules of Pronunciation
  221. 221Common Errors in Pronunciation
  222. 222Expression
  223. 223Inflection of the Voice
  224. 224Written English
  225. 225Rules Relating to Style
  226. 226Right and Wrong Use of Words in Speaking and Writing
  227. 227Use of Capital Letters
  228. 228Abbreviations, Contractions and Degrees
  229. 229Punctuation
  230. 230Rhetorical Figures of Speech
  231. 231Forms of Written English
  232. 232Words and Phrases from the Modern Foreign Languages
  233. 233Pronouncing Dictionary of Classic Words and Phrases
  234. 234Literature
  235. 235Gods, Heroes and Mythical Wonder Tales
  236. 236The Importance of Mythology in Education
  237. 237How the Myths Originated
  238. 238How the Gods Resemble Mortals
  239. 239How and Where the Gods Lived
  240. 240Relationship and Dominion of the Gods
  241. 241A Pronouncing Dictionary of Mythology
  242. 242Explanatory Chart of Greek and Roman Mythology: Showing the Origin…
  243. 243Book of the Sciences and Invention
  244. 244Applied Arithmetic, Weights and Measurements
  245. 245Common Fractions
  246. 246Simple Fractions
  247. 247Decimal Fractions
  248. 248Denominate Numbers
  249. 249The Measure of Solids, or Cubic Measure
  250. 250Measures of Capacity
  251. 251Measures of Weight
  252. 252Circular Measures
  253. 253Longitude and Time
  254. 254Standard Time
  255. 255The Calendar
  256. 256Where the Day Begins
  257. 257How the Months Got Their Names
  258. 258How the Days Got Their Names
  259. 259Measures of Value
  260. 260Percentage and Its Business Applications
  261. 261Profit and Loss
  262. 262Commission
  263. 263Trade Discount
  264. 264Promissory Notes
  265. 265Bank Discount
  266. 266Interest
  267. 267Exchange
  268. 268Stocks and Bonds
  269. 269Taxes and Taxation
  270. 270Square Root and Cube Root
  271. 271Chemistry
  272. 272Importance of Chemistry
  273. 273Theoretical Chemistry
  274. 274Table of All the Known Chemical Elements
  275. 275Chemistry of Things Familiar
  276. 276How to Read a Gas Meter
  277. 277Outline Course of Elementary Science for the Grades
  278. 278Steam Engines
  279. 279Locomotives
  280. 280Aëroplanes
  281. 281The Modern Airship
  282. 282The Submarine
  283. 283Electricity and Magnetism
  284. 284Electricity
  285. 285Magnetism
  286. 286Galvanism
  287. 287Electro-Magnetism
  288. 288The Marvel of X-Rays
  289. 289Book of the Human Body
  290. 290Systems and Organs of the Body
  291. 291The Five Gateways of Knowledge
  292. 292The Ear: The Marvelous Organ of Hearing
  293. 293The Eye and Its Wonderful Structure
  294. 294The Nose: Organ of Smell
  295. 295The Tongue: The Organ of Taste
  296. 296The Hand: Chief Organ of Touch
  297. 297Book of Biography
  298. 298Book of the Child World
  299. 299The Health of Children During School Life
  300. 300When the Child First Goes to School
  301. 301Important Conditions Affecting the Child’s Lessons
  302. 302The Proper Time for Work
  303. 303Necessity of Abundant Food
  304. 304Effect of the Seasons on the Nervous System
  305. 305The Period of Puberty and Its Special Problems
  306. 306Conditions of Bones and Muscles at the Period of Puberty
  307. 307Generous Hours of Sleep Should Be Allowed
  308. 308Precautions to Prevent Sleeplessness
  309. 309Mental Quietude and Good Ventilation
  310. 310Beneficial Effects of the Bath
  311. 311How to Teach a Child to Read at Home
  312. 312The Story of the Spider and the Butterfly
  313. 313Lady Gray and the Nuts
  314. 314Cunning Nancy and Her Kittens
  315. 315The Good Little Stars
  316. 316The Panic in the Forest
  317. 317The Journey from the Clouds to the Sea
  318. 318The Spider and the Fly
  319. 319The Story of Peter Pan
  320. 320Counting and Numbers
  321. 321Counting
  322. 322Money Taught as Numbers
  323. 323Combinations of Numbers
  324. 324Primary Ideas of Division
  325. 325Division by Measurement
  326. 326Division by Partition
  327. 327Numbers in Multiplication
  328. 328Primary Measures for Children
  329. 329Measures of Length
  330. 330Telling the Time
  331. 331The Day
  332. 332The Calendar — Form and Color
  333. 333Form
  334. 334Color
  335. 335Stories
  336. 336Index
  337. 337Supplementary Index
  338. 338Specific Notes
  339. 339Changes and corrections made

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