Lesson VIII On the Words Sudah and Habis
Substantives a lock, kunchi.
a key, anak kunchi.
accounts, kira-kira.
skill, ka-pandei-an.
anger, ka-marah-an.
small-pox, ka-tumboh-an.
loss, rugi.
disease, penyakit.
an egg, tĕlor.
an axe, kapak.
the foot, kaki.
cold (in the head), sardi.
dagger, kris, kris.
rocks, reef, karang.
a fine, denda.
blemish, chachat.
Verbs to lock, kunchi-kan.
to try, attempt, choba.
to expend, bĕlanja.
to be silent, diam.
to break, pechah.
to stab, tikam.
to beat, pukul.
to be destroyed, binasa.
to burn, bakar; burnt, ter-bakar.
to be angry, marah.
to loose, lepas; loosed ter-lepas.
to disobey, bantah.
to cheat, tipu.
to be damaged, rosak.
to rob, samun.
to bite (as a snake), pagut.
Adjectives guilty, salah.
black, hitam.
slow, lambat.
rotten, busuk.
severe, tĕrok.
fit, suitable, probable, harus.
Adverbs quickly, lăkas.
slowly, perlahan.
Sudah is classed as an adverb, but its most common use is to serve as a kind of auxiliary verb in forming the past tenses. It is translateable, according to the context, by the words and phrases, has, had; has, have, and had been, or become; done, finished, completed, &c.
Habis signifies done, finished, exhausted, expended; utterly, completely. The use of these words with verbs will be seen from the following examples:—
Examples
Have you locked the door?— Sudah kunchi-kan pintu-kah?
I have— Sudah.
When I reached the house he was already there (lit. had become present before)— Tatkala sahaya sampei di rumah dia sudah ada dahulu.
It is not yet finished— Belum sudah.
It is half finished (just being finished)— Tengah handak sudah.
Nearly finished— Dekat mahu sudah.
Long ago— Lama sudah.
A month ago, more or less— Lebih korang sa’bulan sudah.
That is enough— Sudah-lah.
It has gone bad— Sudah busuk.
It is over— Sudah habis.
His father is an old man (has become old)— Bapa-nia sudah tuah.
Try to complete this— Choba-lah bagi sudah.
He understands (has arrived at understanding) accounts very well— Pasal kira-kira sudah iya harti baik-baik.
Now it is (has become) near— Sakarang sudah dĕkat.
They are all dead and gone— Sumua-nia mati habis.
Entirely destroyed— Habis binasa.
It is all spent— Sudah bĕlanja habis.
When he had finished speaking— Apabila sudah habis chakap.
All were quite silent— Habis-lah diam sumua.
The utmost of his skill— Sa-habis ka-pandei-an dia.
Exercise
He is dead. He died long ago. He had made preparations for going away. Are they all ready? The workman says that the box is not yet finished. He has gone to Malacca. I have seen this before. The tea is finished. All the eggs are broken. The house was entirely burnt. He spent all his father’s money. Finish that quickly. They have gone back to their own country. That house is nearly finished. I arrived here a year ago. When you have finished writing that letter go home. It is now at a distance. I am just finishing this letter.