VIII Conjunctions
The following list includes the most useful of the conjunctions in Malay:—
dan, and.
| kalau, jika, jikalau, | if. |
| antah, kunun, | perhaps. |
sapaya, in order that.
pula, also, again.
sambil,
selang, whilst.
seraya, at the same time.
tambah-an, furthermore.
karana,
sĕbab, because.
serta, and, also.
asal-kan, provided that.
atau, or.
tĕtapi, but.
me-lain-kan, except.
hania, but, except.
yang, that.
kĕlak, forsooth.
juga, jua, also.
sahaja, only.
lagi, again, even.
lagi pula, again, too.
lagi pun, besides, also.
saperti, as, like.
laksana,
bagei, like.
iya-itu, that is to say.
lamun-kan, although.
There are also a number of conjunctions which are met with almost exclusively in the written language, and which it would be pedantic to use in conversation. Of such are:—
maka, bahwa, ḥata, shahadan, seldom necessary to the sense, and not always requiring translation. They answer in some degree to such words as “now,” “next,” “but,” “then,” “again,” “so.”
sa-ber-mula, first, now.
sa-bagei-lagi, further, again.
arkian, now, then.
agar, in order that.
y’ani, that is to say.
wab’adahu,5 and then, afterwards.
walakin (Arab. wa, and lakin, but), but, though, nevertheless.