VI Adverbs
Adverbs in Malay are not distinguished by any prevailing termination corresponding to the English -ly or the French -ment. Many adjectives and some prepositions are used adverbially.
The following are some of the most useful adverbs:—
Adverbs of Time sakarang, now.
tadi, just now.
dahulu, before, formerly.
sa’buntar, presently.
bĕlum, not yet.
pagi-pagi, early.
esok, besok, to-morrow.
kalmarin,4 yesterday.
tatkala, sa-katika, when (relative).
kemdian, afterwards.
pernah, ever.
ta’pernah, never.
sĕdang, while.
kadang, sometimes.
apa-bila, apa-kala, bila-mana, bila, when? (interrogative).
kalmarin dahulu, the day before yesterday.
lusa, the day after to-morrow.
tulat, the third day from this.
Adverbs of Place sini, ka-mari, here.
situ, sana, nun, there.
mana, where, wherever (rel.).
di-mana, where? (inter.).
hampir, near, nearly.
luar, outside.
dalam, inside.
sabĕrang, across.
jauh, far.
atas, above.
bawah, below.
sabĕlah, beside.
balik, behind.
dĕkat, near.
Miscellaneous bagini, like this.
bagitu, like that.
bageimana, how?
ya, yes.
bukan, no, not.
sahaja, only.
makin, so much the more.
naschaya, certainly.
tidak, no.
tentu, certainly.
Adverbs expressing intensity will be found enumerated in Lesson 4.
Among the examples above given several are also prepositions, and will be found under that heading.