Lesson I Substantives
person (man, woman, or child), orang.
man, laki-laki.
woman, per-ampu-an.
child, anak.
house, rumah.
water, ayer.
fire, api.
wind, angin.
wood, kayu.
carriage, kreta.
horse, kuda.
ship, kapal.
steamer, kapal-api.
boat, sampan.
cow, ox, lumbu.
dog, anjing.
bird, burong.
snake, ular.
fish, ikan.
sun, mata-hari.
moon, bulan.
star, bintang.
sea, laut.
river, sungei.
cloth, kain.
Adjectives good, baik.
new, băharu.
naughty, wicked, jahat.
beautiful, bagus.
pretty, chantek.
wise, pandei.
stupid, bodoh.
large, bĕsar.
small, kĕchil.
deep, dalam.
swift, laju.
high, tinggi.
round, bulat.
old, tuah.
young, muda.
cold, sĕjuk.
hot, panas.
far, jauh.
near, dĕkat.
coarse, kasar.
fine, halus.
Adverbs very, baniak.
exceedingly, sangat.
Before showing how sentences may be constructed with these words by means of the verb ada, and with the aid of the personal pronouns, two of the hints already given are here repeated:—
1. Adjectives follow their substantives.
2. The verb ada is frequently omitted and left to be understood.
Examples
A bad man— Orang jahat.
A pretty woman— Perampuan chantek.
A high house— Rumah tinggi.
A high wind— Angin bĕsar.
Cold water— Ayer sĕjuk.
This is my child— Ini anak sahaya (not, Ini ada sahaya punya anak).
That bullock-cart is mine— Kreta lumbu itu sahaya punya.
That pony-carriage is swift— Kreta kuda itu ada laju.
That person has a dog— Orang itu ada sa’ekor anjing.
That woman’s cloth is very fine— Kain perampuan itu halus sangat.
This man has one son and two daughters— Orang ini ada anak laki-laki sa’orang dan anak perampuan dua orang.
The steamer is near— Kapal-api ada dĕkat.
His child is very naughty— Anak dia baniak jahat.
They have a boat— Dia orang ada sa’buah sampan.
There are men and women— Ada orang laki-laki dan perampuan.
The old man has a piece of coarse cloth— Orang tuah itu ada kain kasar sa’lei.
Exercise
I am a good man. His child is very wise. The moon is round. They have a beautiful horse. My boat is very large. The sea is very deep. The sun and stars are very far off. This person has a vicious dog. That man’s daughter is beautiful. This river is very swift. A small snake. This ox is very old. That person’s boat is small. There are fish. There is a bird. The water of the river is warm. There are stupid people and there are wise people. His ship is very far off.