Ȳ
ȳð (O.H.G. unda), st. f., wave; sea: nom. pl. ȳða, 548; acc. pl. ȳðe, 46, 1133, 1910; dat. pl. ȳðum, 210, 421, 534, 1438, 1908; ȳðum weallan (to surge with waves), 515, 2694; gen. pl. ȳða, 464, 849, 1209, 1470, 1919.—Comp: flōd-, līg-, wæter-ȳð.
ȳðan, w. v., to ravage, devastate, destroy: pret. sg. ȳðde eotena cyn, 421 (cf. īðende = depopulating, Bosworth, from AElfric’s Glossary; pret. ȳðde, Wanderer, 85).
ȳðe. See ēaðe.
ȳðe-līce, adv., easily: ȳðe-līce hē eft ā-stōd (he easily arose afterwards), 1557.
ȳð-gebland, st. n., mingling or surging waters, water-tumult: nom. sg. -geblond, 1374, 1594; nom. pl. -gebland, 1621.
ȳð-gewin, st. n., strife with the sea, wave-struggle, rushing of water: dat. sg. ȳð-gewinne, 2413; gen. sg. -gewinnes, 1435.
ȳð-lād, st. f., water-journey, sea-voyage: nom. pl. ȳð-lāde, 228.
ȳð-lāf, st. f., water-leaving, what is left by the water (undarum reliquiae), shore: dat. sg. be ȳð-lāfe, 566.
ȳð-lida, w. m., wave-traverser, ship: acc. sg. ȳð-lidan, 198.
ȳð-naca, w. m., sea-boat: acc. sg. [ȳð-]nacan, 1904.
ȳð-gesēne. See ēð-gesȳne.
ȳwan, w. v. w. acc., to show: pret. sg. an-sȳn ȳwde (showed itself, appeared), 2835. See ēawan, ēowan.
ge-ȳwan, w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., to lay before, offer: inf., 2150.
Glossary to Finnsburh
ābrecan, st. v., to shatter: part. his byrne ābrocen wǣre (his byrnie was shattered).
ānyman, st. v., to take, take away.
bān-helm, st. m., bone-helmet; skull, [shield, Bosw.].
buruh-þelu, st. f., castle-floor.
cēlod, part, (adj.?), keeled, i.e. boat-shaped or hollow.
dagian, w. v., to dawn: nē þis nē dagiað ēastan (this is not dawning from the east).
dēor-mōd, adj., brave in mood: dēor-mōd hæleð.
driht-gesīð, st m., companion, associate.
ēastan, adv., from the east.
eorð-būend, st. m., earth-dweller, man.
fēr, st. m. fear, terror.
fȳren, adj., flaming, afire: nom. f. swylce eal Finns-buruh fȳrenu wǣre (as if all Finnsburh were afire).
gehlyn, st. n., noise, tumult.
gellan, st. v., to sing (i.e. ring or resound): pres. sg. gylleð grǣg-hama (the gray garment [byrnie] rings); (the gray wolf yelleth?).
genesan, st. v., to survive, recover from: pret. pl. þā wīgend hyra wunda genǣson (the warriors were recovering from their wounds).
gold-hladen, adj., laden with gold (wearing heavy gold ornaments).
grǣg-hama, w. m., gray garment, mail-coat; (wolf?—Brooke).
gūð-wudu, st. m., war-wood, spear.
hæg-steald, st. m., one who lives in his lord’s house, a house-carl.
heaðo-geong, adj., young in war.
here-sceorp, st. n., war-dress, coat of mail.
hleoðrian, w. v., to speak, exclaim: pret. sg. hleoðrode... cyning (the prince exclaimed).
hrǣw, st. n., corpse.
hrōr, adj., strong: here-sceorpum hrōr (strong [though it was] as armor, Bosw.).
lac (lað?)? for flacor, fluttering?
oncweðan, st. v., to answer: pres. sg. scyld scefte oncwyð (the shield answers the spear).
onwacnian, w. v., to awake, arouse one’s self: imper. pl. onwacnigeað..., wīgend mine (awake, my warriors!).
sceft (sceaft), st. m., spear, shaft.
sealo-brūn, adj., dusky-brown.
sige-beorn, st. m., victorious hero, valiant warrior.
swæðer (swā hwæðer), pron., which of two, which.
swān, st. m., swain, youth; warrior.
sweart, adj., swart, black.
swēt, adj., sweet: acc. m. swētne medo... forgyldan (requite the sweet mead, i.e. repay, by prowess in battle, the bounty of their chief).
swurd-lēoma, w. m., sword-flame, flashing of swords.
þyrl, adj., pierced, cloven.
undearninga, adv., without concealment, openly.
wandrian, w. v., to fly about, hover: pret. sg. hræfn wandrode (the raven hovered).
waðol, st. m., the full moon [Grein]; [adj., wandering, Bosw.].
wæl-sliht (-sleaht), st. m., combat, deadly struggle: gen. pl. wæl-slihta gehlyn (the din of combats)
weā-dǣd, st. f., deed of woe: nom. pl. ārisað weā-dǣda.
witian (weotian), w. v., to appoint, determine: part. þē is... witod.
wurðlīce (weorðlīce), adv., worthily, gallantly: compar. wurð-līcor.
wæg, weg, st. m., way.
ARGUMENT, recals = recalls ll. 131, 737 þryð-swyð = þrȳð-sw̄ð l. 256 ōfest = ōfost l. 303 scīonon = scionon l. 706 buton = būton l. 1115 āt = æt l. 1133 wīð = wið ll. 1304, 1560, 1616 missing caesuras supplied l. 1436 here-stræl = here-strǣl l. 1642 feōwer- = fēower l. 1747 stræle = strǣle l. 1828 þywað = þȳwað l. 1926 betlic = betlīc l. 2224 gescēod = gesceōd ll. 2288, 3036 wās = wæs l. 2453 to = tō l. 2503 Huga = Hūga (marked long, correctly, in the list of names, but not elsewhere) l. 2586 niðe = nīðe l. 2587 sið = sīð l. 2684 irenna = īrenna l. 2915 Hugas = Hūgas l. 2956 hēaðo-liðendum = heaðo-līðendum l. 3000 Þāt = Þæt; feōnd- = fēond-l. 3056 sóð = sōð l. 3137 Hrōnes = Hrones list of names, under: Dene, Scedenīgge = Scedenigge Ēadgils, Ohthere = Ōhthere Frēawaru, Freawaru = Frēawaru Hrōðgār, Hrōð-gāre = Hrōðgāre Hygelac, Hǣreð = Hæreð notes, for l. 31, of l. 31 = of l. 30 l. 1441, wōð- = wǣg-l. 1916, leōfra = lēofra glossary, under: æðele, Beowulf’s = Bēowulf’s ān, gehwilces = gehwylces ǣg-hwā, ǣgh-wæs = ǣghwæs æt-beran, beadolāce = beadulāce beadu-lāc, beado- = beadu- (twice) bēag, beages = bēages beorh, hēaford- = hēafod bēodan, leodum = lēodum bēon, cwēnlic = cwēnlīc biddan, bliðne = blīðne bitter, stræle = strǣle ge-bīdan, therefor = therefore on-bīdan, earfōðlīce = earfoðlīce brecan, lētdse = lēt se burne, of of = of būtan, swīce = swice cempa, Huga = Hūga ge-cēosan, usic = ūsic on-cirran, wealdendas = wealdendes corðer, þæ = þā cūð, wīð- = wīd-cunnan, þēawe = þēaw dōgor, gehwam = gehwām dōn, ymbsittend = ymbesittend; hettend = hetend; þywað = þȳwað drīfan, feoran = feorran dryhten, frēah- = frēa-dryht-scipe, drihtscipe = drihtscype ge-dȳgan, wræcsið = wræcsīð eal, oncyððe = oncȳððe ealdor, herestræl = herestrǣl ēacen-cræftig, iūmanna = iūmonna eofor-sprēot, hocyhtum = hōcyhtum eorlīc, eorlic [ellen] = eorlīc fāh, wāldrēore = wældrēore fela, maððum- = māððum-oð-ferian, panon = þonan fēran, wære = wǣre fēond, feonda = fēonda flēon, fenhōpu = fenhopu floga, wīð- = wīd-folc-toga, Hrōðgar = Hrōðgār for, wonhydum = wonhȳdum; handgeweorc = hondgeweorc fōt-gemearc, long = lang ge-frignan, þeodcyninga = þēodcyninga ge-fyrðran, fratwum = frætwum ge-fȳsan, to sēcanne = tō sēceanne gān, swa = swā; [or] giong = gīong; flore = flōre; sīttan = sittan ge-gan, Wīglaf = Wīglāf gār-wiga, Wīglaf = Wīglāf gæst, fēde- = fēðe-gegn-cwide, þinra = þīnra ge-gyrwan, yðlidan = ȳðlidan gēoc, gást = gāst geōmore-līc, [bið] geōmorlic = geōmorlīc for-gildan, therefor = therefore gold-wlanc, guðrinc = gūðrinc grētan, walgǣst = wælgǣst grim, searo-grimm = searo-grim habban, gecorene = gecorone wið-habban, winsele = wīnsele hatan, sǣliðend = sǣlīðend hatian, guð-sceaða = gūð-sceaða hār, heāre = hēare here-strǣl, -stræl = strǣl heard, -stræl = -strǣl; regen- = regn-heorte, starc- = stearc heoro-drēor, heoro-dreore (citation) = heoro-drēore hlið, hliðu = hliðo (twice) hōp, hōp = hop (twice) hreow, þāt = þæt hrōf, gesēah = geseah hwīl, seo = sēo hȳran, ǣghwilc = ǣghwylc inne, abēad = ābēad īren, drihtlīc = dryhtlīc lāð, gewiðru = gewidru; scynnum = scinnum be-lēan, beleān = belēan mētan, Aescheres = Æscheres mearcian, mōrhōpu = mōrhopu ge-mearian, hwam = hwām morðor-bed, stred = strēd mōd, stið- = stīð nǣnig, horð-māðum = hord-māððum on, hēaðe = heoðe; willen = willan rǣd, fǣst- = fæst reccan, hu = hū rīdan, gealgan = galgan sang, -leasne = lēasne sceapan, Hugas = Hūgas (twice) scānan, scīonon = scionon scīnan, scīnon = scinon secg, synnigne = sinnigne ge-sēcan, -cyððe = cȳððe ge-sīgan, ætsæcce = æt sæcce ge-slēan, ge-slōgan = ge-slōgon standan, stræl = strǣl stapan, furðor = furður ge-steppan, Ohtheres = Ōhteres stincan, þæ = þā styrian, ge-wiðru = ge-widru sweord, maððum- = māððum ge-swīcan, þeodne = þēodne tēon (w. v.), nalæs = nalas; teodan = tēodan tō, hælum = hǣlum; sitte = site; Eofore = Jofore ge-trūwan, -wære = wǣre ge-twǣfan, ōððe = oððe þǣr, snotera = snottra þē, gimfæstan = ginfæstan of-þincan, gehwam = gehwām ge-þolian, þāt = þæt þū, sǣlran = selran þūsend, sēofon = seofan un-hēore, -speru = -sporu ūs, ǣg-hwilc = ǣg-hwylc wacan, wōcon = wōcun werian, beaduscrūd = beaduscrūda be-werian, scynnum = scinnum wēn, orlēg = orleg; ōr-wena = or-wēna weorðian, leōde = lēode willa, wyllum = willum wilnian, fæðer = fæder nāt, hwilc = hwylc (twice) ge-wītan, wære = wǣre
Changes to Vowel Quantities in the Revised Edition: (Revisions that were mentioned in the source text have been siltently incorporated and aren’t listed here. Unless otherwise noted, changes are to all related forms of the word.) Abel = Ābel aglǣc (æglǣc) = āglǣc (ǣglǣc) āttor = attor āwā = āwa begen = bēgen gebræd = gebrǣd breme = brēme Brosinga = Brōsinga cōfa = cofa cymlīcor = cȳlīcor drusian = drūsian ēfstan = efstan eode (-iode) [pret. of gān] = ēode (-īode) [and in compounds] fæger = fǣ [in cpd. un- and l. 774 only] fīftena = fīftȳna feor(-e/-es/-um) = fēor- [except ll. 73, 934, 1844] forþam = forþām Fresan/Frysan = Frēsan/Frȳsan frinan (gefrunon) = frīnan (gefrūnon) (of)geāfon = (of)gēafon gen = gēn genunga = gēnunga gēo/gīo = geō/gio [and in compounts] gigant = gīgant Hǣðcyn = Hæðcyn hēht = heht her = hēr ofer-higian = ofer-hīgian hliðe/hliðes = hlīðe/hlīðes [dat. and gen. of hlið] hlifian = hlīfian Hreosna- = Hrēosna (H)ūnferð = (H)unferð hydig = hȳdig hyda = hȳda læs = lǣs lixan = līxan lyt(el) = lȳt(el) [and in compounds] Merewioingas = Merewīoingas meagol = mēagol mearh [oblique cases], mear- = mēar-missere = missēre ne = nē [as conjunct/disjunct] niwe = nīwe geniwian = genīwian niw-tyrwed = nīw-tyrwed ōfost = ofost onettan = ōnettan oret/oretta = ōret/ōretta ōð = oð [and as verbal prefix] scōp = scop [n. only] scyran = scȳran se = sē [as substantive and relative] singal = singāl sīoloð (sēoloð) = sioloð sleac = slēac stæl = stǣl swēlan = swelan Sweon = Swēon (ge)trūwan = (ge)truwan tux = tūx twegen = twēgen tydre = tȳdre (un)tyder = (un)tȳder tyn = tȳn þrag = þrā þritig = þrītig þryð = þrȳð þihtig/þyhtig = þīhtig/þȳhtig wag = wāg wæfre = wǣfre wel = wēl [and in compounds] weōx = wēox wīga = wiga Wihstān (Weohstān) = Wīhstān (Wēohstān) witig = wītig ge-witnian = ge-wītnian wræt = wrǣt uhte = ūhte [and in compounds]