O
oððe, conj.: 1) or; otherwise, 283, 437, 636, 638, 694, 1492, 1765, etc.—2) and(?), till(?), 650, 2476, 3007.
of, prep. w. dat., from, off from: 1) from some point of view: ge-seah of wealle (from the wall), 229; so, 786; of hefene scīneð (shineth from heaven), 1572; of hlīðes nosan gæstas grētte (from the cliff’s projection), 1893; of þām lēoma stōd (from which light streamed), 2770; þǣr wæs māðma fela of feorwegum... gelǣded (from distant lands), 37; þā cōm of mōre (from the moor), 711, 922.—2) forth from, out of: hwearf of earde (wandered from his home, died), 56; so, 265, 855, 2472; þā ic of searwum cōm (when I had escaped from the persecutions of the foe), 419; þā him Hrōðgār gewāt... ūt of healle (out of the hall), 664; so, 2558, 2516; 1139, 2084, 2744; wudu-rēc ā-stāh sweart of (ofer) swioðole (black wood-reek ascended from the smoking fire), 3145; (icge gold) ā-hæfen of horde (lifted from the hoard), 1109; lēt þā of brēostum... word ūt faran (from his breast), 2551; dyde... helm of hafelan (doffed his helmet), 673; so, 1130; sealdon wīn of wunder-fatum (presented wine from wondrous vessels), 1163; siððan hyne Hæðcyn of horn-bogan... flāne geswencte (with an arrow shot from the horned bow), 2438; so, 1434. Prep. postponed: þā hē him of dyde īsern-byrnan (doffed his iron corselet), 672.
ofer, prep. w. dat. and acc., over, above: 1) w. dat, over (rest, locality): Wīglāf siteð ofer Bīowulfe, 2908; ofer æðelinge, 1245; ofer eorðan, 248, 803, 2008; ofer wer-þēode (over the earth, among mankind), 900; ofer ȳðum, 1908; ofer hron-rāde (over the sea), 10; so, 304, 1287, 1290, etc.; ofer ealowǣge (over the beer-cup, drinking), 481.—2) w. acc. of motion: a) over (local): ofer ȳðe (over the waves), 46, 1910; ofer swan-rāde (over the swan-road, the sea), 200; ofer wǣgholm, 217; ofer geofenes be-gang, 362; so, 239, 240, 297, 393, 464, 471, etc.; ofer bolcan (over the gangway), 231; ofer landa fela (over many lands), 311; so, 1405, 1406; ofer hēahne hrōf (along upon (under?) the high roof), 984; ofer eormen-grund (over the whole earth), 860; ofer ealle (over all, on all sides), 2900, 650; so, 1718;—606, 900, 1706; ofer borda gebræc (over, above, the crashing of shields), 2260; ofer bord-(scild) weall, 2981, 3119. Temporal: ofer þā niht (through the night, by night), 737. b) w. verbs of saying, speaking, about, of, concerning: hē ofer benne spræc, 2725. c) beyond, over: ofer mīn ge-met (beyond my power), 2880;—hence, against, contrary to: hē ofer willan gīong (went against his will), 2410; ofer ealde riht (against the ancient laws, i.e. the ten commandments), 2331;—also, without: wīg ofer wǣpen (war sans, dispensing with, weapons), 686;—temporal = after: ofer eald-gewin (after long, ancient, suffering), 1782.
ofer-hygd, st. n., arrogance, pride, conceit: gen. pl. ofer-hygda, 1741; ofer-hȳda, 1761.
ofer-māðum, st. m., very rich treasure: dat. pl. ofer-māðmum, 2994.
ofer-mægen, st. n., over-might, superior numbers: dat. sg. mid ofer-mægene, 2918.
ofer-þearf, st. f., dire distress, need: dat. sg. [for ofer] þea[rfe], 2227.
oft, adv., often, 4, 165, 444, 572, 858, 908, 1066, 1239, etc.; oft [nō] seldan, 2030; oft nalles ǣne, 3020; so, 1248, 1888. Compar. oftor, 1580. Superl. oftost, 1664.
om-, on-. see am-, an-.
ombiht. See ambiht.
oncer. See ancer.
ond. See and.
onsȳn. See ansȳn.
on, prep. w. dat. and acc., signifying primarily touching on, contact with: I. local, w. dat.: a) on, upon, in at (of exterior surface): on hēah-stede (in the high place), 285; on mīnre ēðel-tyrf (in my native place), 410; on þǣm meðel-stede, 1083; so, 2004; on þām holmclife, 1422; so, 1428; on foldan (on earth), 1197; so, 1533, 2997; on þǣre medu-bence (on the mead-bench), 1053; beornas on blancum (the heroes on the dapple-greys), 857, etc.; on ræste (in bed), 1299; on stapole (at, near, the pillar), 927; on wealle, 892; on wāge (on the wall), 1663; on þǣm wæl-stenge (on the battle-lance), 1639; on eaxle (on his shoulder), 817, 1548; on bearme, 40; on brēostum, 552; on hafelan, 1522; on handa (in his hand), 495, 540; so, 555, 766; on him byrne scān (on him shone the corselet), 405; on ōre (at the front), 1042; on corðre (at the head of, among, his troop), 1154; scip on ancre (the ship at anchor), 303; þæt hē on heoðe ge-stōd (until he stood in the hall), 404; on fæder stǣle (in a father’s place), 1480; on ȳðum (on the waves, in the water), 210, 421, 534, 1438; on holme, 543; on ēg-strēamum, 577; on segl-rāde, 1438, etc.; on flōde, 1367. The prep. postponed: Frēslondum on, 2358.—b) in, inside of (of inside surface): secg on searwum (a champion in armor), 249; so, 963; on wīg-geatwum, 368; (reced) on þǣm se rīca bād (in which the mighty one abode), 310; on Heorote (in Heorot), 475, 497, 594, 1303; on bēor-sele, 492, 1095; on healle, 615, 643; so, 639, 1017, 1026, etc.; on burgum (in the cities, boroughs), 53; on helle, 101; on sefan mīnum (in my mind), 473; on mōde, 754; so, 755, 949, 1343, 1719, etc.; on aldre (in his vitals), 1435; on middan (in medio), 2706.—c) among, amid: on searwum (among the arms), 1558; on gemonge (among the troop), 1644; on þām lēod-scipe (among the people), 2198; nymðe līges fæðm swulge on swaðule (unless the embracing flame should swallow it in smoke), 783;—in, with, touched by, possessing something: þā wæs on sālum sinces brytta (then was the dispenser of treasure in joy), 608; so, 644, 2015; wæs on hrēon mōde, 1308; on sweofote (in sleep), 1582, 2296; hēo wæs on ofste (she was in haste), 1293; so, 1736, 1870; þā wæs on blōde brim weallende (there was the flood billowing in, with, blood), 848; (hē) wæs on sunde (was a-swimming), 1619; wæs tō fore-mihtig fēond on fēðe (too powerful in speed), 971; þǣr wæs swīgra secg... on gylpsprǣce (there was the champion more silent in his boasting speech), 982;—in; full of, representing, something: on weres wæstmum (in man’s form), 1353.—d) attaching to, hence proceeding from; from something: ge-hȳrde on Bēowulfe fæst-rǣdne ge-þōht (heard in, from, B. the fixed resolve), 610; þæt hē ne mētte... on elran men mund-gripe māran, 753;—hence, with verbs of taking: on ræste genam (took from his bed), 122; so, 748, 2987; hit ǣr on þē gōde be-geāton (took it before from thee), 2249.—e) with: swā hit lungre wearð on hyra sinc-gifan sāre ge-endod (as it, too, soon painfully came to an end with the dispenser of treasure), 2312.—f) by: mæg þonne on þǣm golde ongitan Gēata dryhten (the lord of the Geatas may perceive by the gold), 1485.—g) to, after weorðan: þæt hē on fylle wearð (that he came to a fall), 1545.
With acc.: a) w. verbs of moving, doing, giving, seeing, etc., up to, on, upon, in: ā-lēdon þā lēofne þēoden... on bearm scipes, 35; on stefn (on wang) stigon, 212, 225; þā him mid scoldon on flōdes ǣht feor ge-wītan, 42; sē þe wið Brecan wunne on sīdne sǣ (who strovest in a swimming-match with B. on the broad sea), 507, cf. 516; þæt ic on holma ge-þring eorlscipe efnde (that I should venture on the sea to do valiant deeds), 2133; on fēonda geweald sīðian, 809; þāra þe on swylc starað, 997; so, 1781; on lufan lǣteð hworfan (lets him turn his thoughts to love?, to possessions?), 1729; him on mōd bearn (came into his mind, occurred to him), 67; rǣsde on þone rōfan (rushed on the powerful one), 2691; (cwōm) on worðig (came into the palace), 1973; so, 27, 242, 253, 512, 539, 580, 677, 726, etc.; on weg (away), 764, 845, 1383, 1431, 2097.—b) towards, on: gōde gewyrcean... on fæder wine (pl.), 21.—c) aim or object, to, for the object, for, as, in, on: on þearfe (in his need, in his strait), 1457; so, on hyra man-dryhtnes miclan þearfe, 2850; wrāðum on andan (as a terror to the foe), 709; Hrōðgār maðelode him on andsware (said to him in reply), 1841; betst beado-rinca wæs on bǣl gearu (on the pyre ready), 1110; wīg-heafolan bær frēan on fultum (for help), 2663; wearð on bīd wrecen (forced to wait), 2963.—d) ground, reason, according to, in conformity with: rodera rǣdend hit on ryht gescēd (decided it in accordance with right), 1556; nē mē swōr fela āða on unriht (swore no oaths unjustly, falsely), 2740; on spēd (skilfully), 874; nallas on gylp seleð fǣtte bēagas (giveth no gold-wrought rings as he promised), 1750; on sīnne selfes dōm (boastingly, at his own will), 2148; him eal worold wendeð on willan (according to his will), 1740.—e) w. verbs of buying, for, in exchange for: mē ic on māðma hord mīne be-bohte frōde feorh-lege (for the hoard of jewels), 2800.—f) of, as to: ic on Higelāce wāt, Gēata dryhten (I know with respect to, as to, of, H.), 1831; so, 2651; þæt hēo on ǣnigne eorl ge-lȳfde fyrena frōfre (that she should rely on any earl for help out of trouble), 628; þā hīe ge-truwedon on twā healfa (on both sides, mutually), 1096; so, 2064; þæt þū him ondrǣdan ne þearft... on þā healfe (from, on this side), 1676.—g) after superlatives or virtual superlatives = among: næs... sinc-māððum sēlra (= þæt wæs sinc-māðma sēlest) on sweordes hād (there was no better jewel in sword’s shape, i.e. among all swords there was none better), 2194; sē wæs Hrōðgāre hæleða lēofost on ge-sīðes hād (dearest of men as, in the character of, follower, etc.), 1298.
II. Of time: a) w. dat., in, inside of, during, at: on fyrste (in time, within the time appointed), 76; on ūhtan (at dawn), 126; on mergenne (at morn, on the morrow), 565, 2940; on niht, 575; on wanre niht, 703; on tȳn dagum, 3161; so, 197, 719, 791, 1063, etc.; on geogoðe (in youth), 409, 466; on geogoð-fēore, 537; so, 1844; on orlege (in, during, battle), 1327; hū lomp ēow on lāde (on the way), 1988; on gange (in going, en route), 1885; on sweofote (in sleep), 1582.—b) w. acc., towards, about: on undern-mǣl (in the morning, about midday), 1429; on morgen-tīd, 484, 518; on morgen, 838; on ende-stæf (toward the end, at last), 1754; oftor micle þonne on ǣnne sīð (far oftener than once), 1580.
III. With particles: him on efn (beside, alongside of, him), 2904; on innan (inside, within), 71, 1741, 1969, 2453, 2716; þǣr on innan (in there), 2090, 2215, 2245. With the relative þē often separated from its case: þē ic hēr on starie (that I here look on, at), 2797; þē gē þǣr on standað (that ye there stand in), 2867.
on-cȳð (cf. Dietrich in Haupt’s Zeits. XI., 412), st. f., pain, suffering: nom. sg., 1421; acc. sg. or pl. on-cȳððe, 831.
on-drysne, adj., frightful, terrible: acc. sg. firen on-drysne, 1933.
ōnettan (for anettan, from root an-, Goth. inf. anan, to breathe, pant), w. v., to hasten: pret. pl. ōnetton, 306, 1804.
on-līcnes, st. f., likeness, form, figure: nom. sg., 1352.
on-mēdla, w. m., pride, arrogance: dat. sg. for on-mēdlan, 2927. Cf. Bugge in Zacher’s Zeits. 4, 218 seqq.
on-sǣge, adj., tending to fall, fatal: nom. sg. þā wæs Hondscīo (dat.) hild on-sǣge, 2077; Hæðcynne wearð... gūð on-sǣge, 2484.
on-weald, st. m., power, authority: acc. sg. (him) bēga ge-hwæðres... onweald ge-tēah (gave him power over, possession of, both), 1044.
open, adj., open: acc. sg. hord-wynne fond... opene standan, 2272.
openian, w. v., to open, w. acc.: inf. openian, 3057.
orc (O.S. orc, Goth. aúrkei-s), st. m., crock, vessel, can: nom. pl. orcas, 3048; acc. pl. orcas, 2761.
orcnē, st. m., sea-monster: nom. pl. orcnēas, 112.
ord, st. n. point: nom. sg. oð þæt wordes ord brēost-hord þurh-bræc (till the word-point broke through his breast-hoard, came to utterance), 2792; acc. sg. ord (sword-point), 1550; dat. instr. orde (id.), 556; on orde (at the head of, in front [of a troop]), 2499, 3126.
ord-fruma, w. m., head lord, high prince: nom. sg., 263.
ōret-mecg, st. m., champion, warrior, military retainer: nom. pl. ōret-mecgas, 363, 481; acc. pl. ōret-mecgas, 332.
ōretta, w. m., champion, fighter, hero: nom. sg., 1533, 2539.
or-leg, st. n., war, battle: dat. sg. on orlege, 1327; gen. sg. or-leges, 2408.
or-leg-hwīl, st. f., time of battle, war-time: nom. sg. [or-leg]-hwīl, 2003; gen. sg. orleg-hwīle, 2912; gen. pl orleg-hwīla, 2428.
or-leahtre, adj., blameless: nom. sg 1887.
or-þanc (cf. Gloss. Aldhelm. mid or-þance = argumento in Haupt XI., 436; orþancum = machinamentis, ibid. 477; or-þanc-scipe = mechanica, 479, st. m., mechanical art, skill: instr. pl. or-þoncum, 2088; smiðes or-þancum, 406.
or-wēna, adj. (weak form), hopeless, despairing, w. gen.: aldres or-wēna (hopeless of life), 1003, 1566.
or-wearde, adj., unguarded, without watch or guard: adv., 3128.
oruð, st. n., breath, snorting: nom. sg., 2558; dat. oreðe, 2840.