E
ecg, st. f., edge of the sword, point: nom. sg. sweordes ecg, 1107; ecg, 1525, etc.; acc. sg. wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstōd, defended the entrance against point and edge (i.e. against spear and sword), 1550; mēces ecge, 1813; nom. pl. ecge, 1146.—Sword, battle-axe, any cutting weapon: nom. sg. ne wæs ecg bona (not the sword killed him), 2507; sīo ecg brūn (Bēowulf’s sword Nægling), 2578; hyne ecg fornam, the sword snatched him away, 2773, etc.; nom. pl. ecga, 2829; dat. pl. æscum and ecgum, 1773; dat. pl. (but denoting only one sword) ēacnum ecgum, 2141; gen. pl. ecga, 483, 806, 1169;—blade: ecg wæs īren, 1460.—Comp.: brūn-, heard-, stȳl-ecg, adj.
ecg-bana, w. m., murderer by the sword: dat. sg. Cain wearð tō ecg-banan āngan brēðer, 1263.
ecg-hete, st. m., sword-hate, enmity which the sword carries out: nom. sg., 84, 1739.
ecg-þracu, st. f., sword-storm (of violent combat): acc. atole ecg-þræce, 597.
ed-hwyrft, st. m., return (of a former condition): þā þǣr sōna wearð edhwyrft eorlum, siððan inne fealh Grendles mōdor (i.e. after Grendel’s mother had penetrated into the hall, the former perilous condition, of the time of the visits of Grendel, returned to the men), 1282.
ed-wendan, w. v., to turn back, to yield, to leave off: inf. gyf him edwendan ǣfre scolde bealuwa bisigu, if for him the affliction of evil should ever cease, 280.
ed-wenden, st. f., turning, change: nom. sg. edwenden, 1775; ed-wenden torna gehwylces (reparation for former neglect), 2189.
edwīt-līf, st. n., life in disgrace: nom. sg., 2892.
efn, adj., even, like, with preceding on, and with depend. dat., upon the same level, near: him on efn ligeð ealdorgewinna, lies near him, 2904.
efnan (see æfnan) w. v., to carry out, to perform, to accomplish: pres. subj. eorlscype efne (accomplish knightly deeds), 2536; inf. eorlscipe efnan, 2623; sweorda gelāc efnan (to battle), 1042; gerund. tō efnanne, 1942; pret. eorlscipe efnde, 2134, 3008.
efne, adv., even, exactly, precisely, just, united with swā or swylc: efne swā swīðe swā, just so much as, 1093; efne swā sīde swā, 1224; wæs se gryre lǣssa efne swā micle swā, by so much the less as..., 1284; lēoht inne stōd efne swā... scīneð, a gleam stood therein (in the sword) just as when... shines, 1572; efne swā hwylc mægða swā þone magan cende (a woman who has borne such a son), 944; efne swā hwylcum manna swā him gemet þūhte, to just such a man as seemed good to him, 3058; efne swylce mǣla swylce... þearf gesǣlde, just at the times at which necessity commanded it, 1250.
efstan, w. v., to be in haste, to hasten: inf. uton nū efstan, let us hurry now, 3102; pret. efste mid elne, hastened with heroic strength, 1494.
eft, adv.: l) thereupon, afterwards: 56, 1147, 2112, 3047, etc.; eft sōna bið, then it happens immediately, 1763; bōt eft cuman, help come again, 281.—2) again, on the other side: þæt hine on ylde eft gewunigen wilgesīðas, that in old age again (also on their side) willing companions should be attached to him, 22;—anew, again: 135, 604, 693, 1557, etc.; eft swā ǣr, again as formerly, 643.—3) retro, rursus, back: 123, 296, 854, etc.; þæt hig æðelinges eft ne wēndon (did not believe that he would come back), 1597.
eft-cyme, st. m., return: gen. sg. eftcymes, 2897.
eft-sīð, st. m., journey back, return: acc. sg. 1892; gen. sg. eft-sīðes georn, 2784; acc. pl. eftsīðas tēah, went the road back, i.e. returned, 1333.
egesa, egsa (state of terror, active or passive): l) frightfulness: acc. sg. þurh egsan, 276; gen. egesan ne gȳmeð, cares for nothing terrible, is not troubled about future terrors(?), 1758.—2) terror, horror, fear: nom. sg. egesa, 785; instr. sg. egesan, 1828, 2737.—Comp.: glēd-, līg-, wæter-egesa.
eges-full, adj., horrible (full of fear, fearful), 2930.
eges-līc, adj., terrible, bringing terror: of Grendel’s head, 1650; of the beginning of the fight with the drake, 2310; of the drake, 2826.
egle, adj., causing aversion, hideous: nom. pl. neut., or, more probably, perhaps, adverbial, egle (MS. egl), 988.
egsian (denominative from egesa), w. v., to have terror, distress: pret. (as pluperf.) egsode eorl(?), 6.
ehtian, w. v., to esteem, to make prominent with praise: III. pl. pres. þæt þē... weras ehtigað, that thee men shall esteem, praise, 1223.
elde (those who generate, cf. O.N. al-a, generare), st. m. only in the pl., men: dat. pl. eldum, 2215; mid eldum, among men, 2612.—See ylde.
eldo, st. f., age: instr. sg. eldo gebunden, 2112.
el-land, st. n., foreign land, exile: acc. sg. sceall... elland tredan, (shall be banished), 3020.
ellen, st. n., strength, heroic strength, bravery: nom. sg. ellen, 573; eafoð and ellen, 903; Gēata... eafoð and ellen, 603; acc. sg. eafoð and ellen, 2350; ellen cȳðan, show bravery, 2696; ellen fremedon, exercised heroic strength, did heroic deeds, 3; similarly, ic gefremman sceal eorlīc ellen, 638; ferh ellen wræc, life drove out the strength, i.e. with the departing life (of the dragon) his strength left him, 2707; dat. sg. on elne, 2507, 2817; as instr. þā wæs æt þām geongum grim andswaru ēðbegēte þām þe ǣr his elne forlēas, then it was easy for (every one of) those who before had lost his hero-courage, to obtain rough words from the young man (Wīglāf), 2862; mid elne, 1494, 2536; elne, alone, in adverbial sense, strongly, zealously, and with the nearly related meaning, hurriedly, transiently, 894, 1098, 1968, 2677, 2918; gen. sg. elnes læt, 1530; þā him wæs elnes þearf, 2877.—Comp. mægen-ellen.
ellen-dǣd, st. f., heroic deed: dat. pl. -dǣdum, 877, 901.
ellen-gǣst, st. m., strength-spirit, demon with heroic strength: nom. sg. of Grendel, 86.
ellen-līce, adv., strongly, with heroic strength, 2123.
ellen-mǣrðu, st. f., renown of heroic strength, dat. pl. -mǣrðum, 829, 1472.
ellen-rōf, adj., renowned for strength: nom. sg. 340, 358, 3064; dat. pl. -rōfum, 1788.
ellen-sēoc, adj., infirm in strength: acc. sg. þēoden ellensīocne (the mortally wounded king, Bēowulf), 2788.
ellen-weorc, st. n., (strength-work), heroic deed, achievement in battle: acc. sg. 662, 959, 1465, etc.; gen. pl. ellen-weorca, 2400.
elles, adv., else, otherwise: a (modal), in another manner, 2521.—b (local), elles hwǣr, somewhere else, 138; elles hwergen, 2591.
ellor, adv., to some other place, 55, 2255.
ellor-gāst, -gǣst, st. m., spirit living elsewhere (standing outside of the community of mankind): nom. sg. se ellorgāst (Grendel), 808; (Grendel’s mother), 1622; ellorgǣst (Grendel’s mother), 1618; acc. pl. ellorgǣstas, 1350.
ellor-sīð, st. m., departure, death: nom. sg. 2452.
elra, adj. (comparative of a not existing form, ele, Goth. aljis, alius), another: dat. sg. on elran men, 753.
el-þēodig, adj., of another people: foreign: acc. pl. el-þēodige men, 336.
ende, st. m., the extreme: hence, 1) end: nom. sg. aldres (līfes) ende, 823, 2845; oð þæt ende becwōm (scil. unrihtes), 1255; acc. sg. ende līfgesceafta (līfes, lǣn-daga), 3064, 1387, 2343; hæfde eorðscrafa ende genyttod, had used the end of the earth-caves (had made use of the caves for the last time), 3047; dat. sg. ealdres (līfes) æt ende, 2791, 2824; eoletes æt ende, 224.—2) boundary: acc. sg. sīde rīce þæt hē his selfa ne mæg... ende geþencean, the wide realm, so that he himself cannot comprehend its boundaries, 1735.—3) summit, head: dat. sg. eorlum on ende, to the nobles at the end (the highest courtiers), 2022.—Comp. woruld-ende.
ende-dæg, st. m., last day, day of death: nom. sg. 3036; acc. sg. 638.
ende-dōgor, st. m., last day, day of death: gen. sg. bēga on wēnum endedōgores and eftcymes lēotes monnes (hesitating between the belief in the death and in the return of the dear man), 2897.
ende-lāf, st. f., last remnant: nom. sg. þū eart ende-lāf ūsses cynnes, art the last of our race, 2814.
ende-lēan, st. n., final reparation: acc. sg. 1693.
ende-sǣta, w. m., he who sits on the border, boundary-guard: nom. sg. (here of the strand-watchman), 241.
ende-stæf, st. m. (elementum finis), end: acc. sg. hit on endestæf eft gelimpeð, then it draws near to the end, 1754.
ge-endian, w. v., to end: pret. part. ge-endod, 2312.
enge, adj., narrow: acc. pl. enge ānpaðas, narrow paths, 1411.
ent, st. m., giant: gen. pl. enta ǣr-geweorc (the sword-hilt out of the dwelling-place of Grendel), 1680; enta geweorc (the dragon’s cave), 2718; eald-enta ǣr-geweorc (the costly things in the dragon’s cave), 2775.
entisc, adj., coming from giants: acc. sg. entiscne helm, 2980.
etan, st. v., to eat, to consume: pres. sg. III. blōdig wæl... eteð ān-genga, he that goes alone (Grendel) will devour the bloody corpse, 448; inf. Gēatena lēode... etan, 444.
þurh-etan, to eat through: pret. part. pl. nom. swyrd... þurhetone, swords eaten through (by rust), 3050.