Io Iu
iū. See geō.
iū-man. See geō-man.
īo-mēowle. See geō-meowle>geō-mēowle.
L
laðu, st. f., invitation.—Comp.: frēond-, nēod-laðu.
ge-lafian, w. v. w. acc. pers. and instr. of the thing, to refresh, lave: pret. sg. wine-dryhten his wætere gelafede, 2723.
lagu, st. m., lake, sea: nom. sg., 1631.
lagu-cræftig, adj., acquainted with the sea: nom. sg. lagu-cræftig mon (pilot), 209.
lagu-strǣt, st. f., path over the sea: acc. sg. ofer lagu-strǣte, 239.
lagu-strēam, st. m., sea-current, flood: acc. pl. ofer lagu-strēamas, 297.
land, st. n., land: nom. sg. lond, 2198; acc. sg. land, 221, 2063; lond, 2472, 2493; land Dena, 242, 253; lond Brondinga, 521; Finna land, 580; dat. sg. on lande (in the land), 2311, 2837; at near, land, shore, 1914; tō lande (to the land, ashore), 1624; gen. sg. landes, 2996; gen. pl. ofer landa fela (over much country, space; afar), 311.—Comp.: el-, ēa-land.
land-būend, part, pres., terricola, inhabitant of the land: nom. pl. lond-būend, 1346; dat. pl. land-būendum, 95.
land-fruma, w. m., ruler, prince of the country: nom. sg., 31.
land-gemyrcu, st. n. pl., frontier, land-mark: acc. pl., 209.
land-geweorc, st. n., land-work, fortified place: acc. sg. lēoda land-geweorc, 939. See weorc, geweorc.
land-riht, st. n., prerogatives based upon land-possessions, right to possess land, hence real estate itself: gen. sg. lond-rihtes īdel, 2887.
land-waru, st. f., inhabitants, population: acc. pl. land-wara, 2322.
land-weard, st. m., guard, guardian of the frontier: nom. sg., 1891.
lang, long, adj., long: 1) temporal: nom. sg. tō lang, 2094; næs þā long (lang) tō þon (not long after), 2592, 2846; acc. sg. lange hwīle (for a long time), 16, 2160, 2781; longe (lange) þrāge, 54, 114, 1258; lange tīd, 1916. Compar. nom. sg. lengra fyrst, 134.—2) local, nom. sg. sē wæs fīftiges fōtgemearces lang, 3044.—Comp.: and-, morgen-, niht-, up-lang.
lange, longe, adv., long: lange, 31, 1995, 2131, 2345, 2424; longe, 1062, 2752, 3109; tō lange (too long, excessively long), 906, 1337, 1749. Compar. leng, 451, 1855, 2802, 3065; nō þȳ leng (none the longer), 975. Superl. lengest (longest), 2009, 2239.
ge-lang, adj., extending, reaching to something or somebody, hence ready, prepared: nū is rǣd gelang eft æt þē ānum (now is help [counsel] at hand in thee alone), 1377; gēn is eall æt þē lissa gelong (all of favor is still on thee dependent, is thine), 2151. See ge-lenge.
lang-ge-strēon, st. n., long-lasting treasure: gen. pl. long-gestrēona, 2241.—Leo.
langian, w. v., reflex, w. dat, to long, yearn: pres. sg. III. him...æfter dēorum men dyrne langað beorn (the hero longeth secretly after the dear man), 1880.
lang-sum, adj., long-lasting, continuing: nom. sg. longsum, 134, 192, 1723; acc. sg. long-sumne, 1537.
lang-twidig, adj., long-granted, assured: nom. sg., 1709.
lata, w. m., a lazy, cowardly one; in comp. hild-lata.
lā, interj., yes! indeed! 1701, 2865.
lāc, st. n.: 1) measured movement, play: in comp. beadu-, heaðo-lāc.—2) gift, offering: acc. pl. lāc, 1864; lāðlīcu lāc (loathly offering, prey), 1585; dat. pl. lācum, 43, 1869.—Comp. sǣ-lāc.
ge-lāc, st. n., sport, play: acc. pl. sweorda gelāc (battle), 1041; dat. pl. æt ecga gelācum, 1169.
lācan, st. v., to move in measured time, dancing, playing, fighting, flying, etc.: inf. dareðum lācan (fight), 2849; part. pres. æfter lyfte lācende (flying through the air), 2833.
for-lācan, to deceive, betray: part, pret. hē wearð on fēonda geweald forð forlācen (deceitfully betrayed into the enemy’s hands), 904.
lād, st. f., street, way, journey: dat. sg. on lāde, 1988; gen. sg. lāde, 569.—Comp.: brim-, sǣ-lād.
ge-lād, st. n., way, path, road: acc. sg. uncūð gelād, 1411.
lāð, adj., loathly, evil, hateful, hostile: nom. sg. lāð, 816; lāð lyft-floga, 2316; lāð (enemy), 440; nē lēof nē lāð, 511; neut. lāð, 134, 192; in weak form, se lāða (of the dragon), 2306; acc. sg. lāðne (wyrm), 3041; dat. sg. lāðum, 440, 1258; gen. sg. lāðes (of the enemy), 842; fela lāðes (much evil), 930; so, 1062; lāðan līges, 83; lāðan cynnes, 2009, 2355; þæs lāðan (of the enemy), 132; acc. pl. neut. lāð gewidru (hateful storms), 1376; dat. instr. pl. wið lāðum, 550; lāðum scuccum and scinnum, 939; lāðum dǣdum (with evil deeds), 2468; lāðan fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. lāðra manna, spella, 2673, 3030; lāðra (the enemy), 242. Compar. nom. sg. lāðra... beorn, 2433.
lāð-bite, st. m., hostile bite: dat. sg. lāð-bite līces (the body’s hostile bite = the wound), 1123.
lāð-getēona, w. m., evil-doer, injurer: nom. sg., 975; nom. pl. lāð-getēonan, 559.
lāð-līc, adj., loathly, hostile: acc. pl. lāð-līcu, 1585.
lāf, st. f.: 1) what is left, relic; inheritance, heritage, legacy: nom. sg. Hrēðlan lāf (Bēowulf’s corselet), 454; nom. pl. fēla lāfe (the leavings of files = swords, Grein), 1033; so, homera lāfe, 2830; on him gladiað gomelra lāfe, heard and hringmǣl Heaðobeardna gestrēon (on him gleams the forefather’s bequest, hard and ring-decked, the Heaðobeardas’ treasure, i.e. the equipments taken from the slain king of the Heaðobeardas), 2037; acc. sg. sweorda lāfe (leavings of the sword, i.e. those spared by the sword), 2937.—2) the sword as a specially precious heir-loom: nom. sg., 2629; acc. sg. lāfe, 796, 1489, 1689, 2192, 2564; instr. sg. incge lāfe, 2578.—Comp.: ende-, eormen-, wēa-, yrfe-, ȳð-lāf.
lār, st. f., lore, instruction, prescription: dat. sg. be fæder lāre, 1951; gen. pl. lāra, 1221; lārena, 269.—Comp. frēond-lār.
lāst, st. m., footstep, track: acc. sg. lāst, 132, 972, 2165; on lāst (on the traces of, behind), 2946; nom. pl. lāstas, 1403; acc. pl. lāstas, 842.—Comp.: fēðe-, feorh-, fōt-, wræc-lāst.
læger. See leger.
lāger-bed, st. n., bed to lie on: instr. sg. leger-bedde, 1008.
lǣs, adj., less, 1947; þȳ lǣs (the less), 487; conjunct, that not, lest, 1919.
lǣssa, adj., less, fewer: nom. sg. lǣssa, 1283; acc. sg. m. lǣssan, 43; fem, lǣssan hwīle, 2572; dat. sg. for lǣssan (for less, smaller), 952. Superl. nom. sg. nō þæt lǣsest wæs hond-gemōt[a], 2355.
læt, adj., negligent, neglectful; w. gen.: nom. sg. elnes læt, 1530.
lǣdan, w. v. w. acc.: to lead, guide, bring: inf. lǣdan, 239; pret. pl. lǣddon, 1160.
for-1ǣdan, to mislead: pret. pl. for-lǣddan, 2440 (?).
ge-lǣdan, lead, bring: part. pret. ge-lǣded, 37.
lǣfan, w. v.: 1), to bequeathe, leave: imper. sg. þīnum magum lǣf folc and rīce, 1179; pret. sg. eaferum lǣfde... lond and lēodbyrig, 2471.—2) spare, leave behind: āht cwices lǣfan (to spare aught living), 2316.
lǣn-dagas, st. m. pl., loan-days, transitory days (of earthly existence as contrasted with the heavenly, unending): acc. pl. lǣn-dagas, 2592; gen. pl. lǣn-daga, 2342.
lǣne, adj., inconstant, perishable, evanescent, given over to death or destruction: nom. sg., 1755, 3179; acc. sg. of rust-eaten treasures, 3130; þās lǣnan gesceaft (this fleeting life), 1623; gen. sg. lǣnan līfes, 2846.
lǣran, w. v., to teach, instruct: imper. sg. þū þē lǣr be þon (learn this, take this to heart), 1723.
ge-lǣran, to teach, instruct, give instruction: inf. ic þæs Hrōðgār mæg... rǣd gelǣran (I can give H. good advice about this), 278; so, 3080; pret. pl. þā mē þæt ge-lǣrdon lēode mīne (gave me the advice), 415.
lǣstan, w. v.: 1) to follow, to sustain, serve: inf. þæt him se līc-homa lǣstan nolde (that his body would not sustain him), 813.—2) perform: imper. lǣst eall tela (do all well), 2664.
ge-lǣstan: 1) to follow, serve: pret. sg. (sweord) þæt mec ǣr and oft gelǣste, 2501.—2) to fulfil, grant: subj. pres. pl. þæt... wilgesīðas, þonne wīg cume, lēode gelǣstan (render war service), 24; inf. ic þē sceal mīne gelǣstan frēode (shall grant thee my friendship, be grateful), 1707; pret. sg. bēot... gelǣste (fulfilled his boast), 524; gelǣste swā (kept his word), 2991; pres. part. hæfde Ēast-Denum... gilp gelǣsted (had fulfilled for the East Danes his boast), 830.
lǣtan, st. v., to let, allow, w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. III. lǣteð, 1729; imper. pl. II. lǣtað, 397; sg. II. lǣt, 1489; pret. sg. lēt, 2390, 2551, 2978, 3151(?); pret. pl. lēton, 48, 865, 3133; subj. pret. sg. II. lēte, 1997; sg. III. lēte, 3083.
ā-lǣtan: 1) to let, allow: subj. pres. sg. II. þæt þū ne ālǣte... dōm ge-drēosan, 2666.—2) to leave, lay aside: inf. ālǣtan lǣn-dagas (die) 2592; so, ālǣtan līf and lēodscipe, 2751.
for-lǣtan: 1) to let, permit, w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. for-lēt, 971; pret. pl. for-lēton, 3168. Also with inf. omitted: inf. nolde eorla hlēo... þone cwealmcuman cwicne (i.e. wesan) forlǣtan (would not let the murderous spirit go alive), 793.—2) to leave behind, leave: pret. sg. in þām wong-stede... þǣr hē hine ǣr forlēt (where he had previously left him), 2788.
of-lǣtan, to leave, lay aside: pres. sg. II. gyf þū ǣr þonne hē worold oflǣtest (leavest the world, diest), 1184; so pret. sg. oflēt līf-dagas and þās lǣnan gesceaft, 1623.
on-lǣtan, to release, liberate: pres. sg. III. þonne forstes bend fæder on-lǣteð (as soon as the Father looseth the frost’s fetters), 1610.
ā-lecgan, w. v.: 1) to lay, lay down: pret. sg. syððan hilde-dēor hond ā-legde... under gēapne hrōf, 835; þæt hē on Bēowulfes bearm ā-legde (this [the sword] he laid in B.’s bosom, presented to him), 2195; pret. pl. ā-ledon þā lēofne þēoden... on bearm scipes, 34; ā-legdon þā tō middes mǣrne þēoden (laid the mighty prince in the midst [of the pyre]), 3142.—2) to lay aside, give up: siððan... in fen-freoðo feorh ā-legde (laid down his life, died), 852; nū se here-wīsa hleahtor ā-legde, gamen and glēo-drēam (now the war-chief has left laughter, etc.), 3021.
leger, st. n., couch, bed, lair: dat. sg. on legere, 3044.
lemian, w. v., to lame, hinder, oppress: pret. sg. (for pl.) hine sorh-wylmas lemede tō lange, 906. MS.
leng. See lang.
lenge, adj., extending along or to, near (of time): nom. sg. neut. ne wæs hit lenge þā gēn (nor was it yet long), 83.
ge-lenge, adj., extending, reaching to, belonging: nom. sg. yrfe-weard... līce gelenge (an heir belonging to one’s body), 2733.
let, st. m., place of rest, sojourn? in comp. eo-let (voyage?).
lettan, w. v., to hinder: pret. pl. (acc. pers. and gen. thing), þæt syððan nā... brim-līðende lāde ne letton (might no longer hinder seafarers from journeying), 569.
ā-lēdon. See ā-lecgan.
lēg, st. m., flame, fire: nom. sg. wonna lēg (the lurid flame), 3116; swōgende lēg, 3146; dat. sg. for dracan lēge, 2550. See līg.
lēg-draca, w. m., fire-drake, flaming dragon: nom. sg., 3041.
leahtre. See or-leahtre.
lēaf, st. n., leaf, foliage: instr. pl. lēafum, 97.
lēafnes-word, st. n., permission, leave: acc. pl., 245.
lēan, st. v. w. acc. to scold, blame: pres. sg. III. lyhð, 1049; pret. sg. lōg, 1812; pret. pl. lōgon, 203, 863.
be-lēan, to dissuade, prevent: inf. nē inc ǣnig mon... belēan mihte sorhfullne sīð (no one might dissuade you twain from your difficult journey), 511.
lēan, st. n., reward, compensation: acc. sg., 114, 952, 1221, 1585, 2392; dat. sg. lēane, 1022. Often in the pl.: acc. þā lēan, 2996; dat. þām lēanum, 2146; gen. lēana, 2991.—Comp.: and-, ende-lēan.
leān (for lǣn, O.H.G. lēhan), st. n, loan, 1810.
lēanian, w. v., to reward, compensate: pres. sg. I. ic þē þā fǣhðe fēo lēanige (repay thee for the contest with old-time treasures), 1381; pret. sg. mē þone wæl-rǣs wine Scyldinga fǣttan golde fela lēanode (the friend of the Scyldings rewarded me richly for the combat with plated gold), 2103.
lēas, adj., false: nom. pl. lēase, 253.
lēas, adj., deprived of, free from, w. gen.: nom. sg. drēama lēas, 851; dat. sg. winigea lēasum, 1665.—Comp.: dōm-, drēam-, ealdor-, feoh-, feormend-, hlāford-, sāwol-, sige-, sorh-, tīr-, þēoden-, wine-, wyn-lēas.
lēasig, adj., concealing one’s self; in comp. sin-lēasig(?).
leoðo-cræft, st. m., the art of weaving or working in meshes, wire, etc.: instr. pl. segn eall-gylden... gelocen leoðo-cræftum (a banner all hand-wrought of interlaced gold), 2770.
leoðo-syrce, w. f., shirt of mail (limb-sark): acc. sg. locene leoðo-syrcan (locked linked sark), 1506; acc. pl. locene leoðo-syrcan, 1891.
leomum. See lim.
leornian, w. v., to learn, devise, plan: pret. him þæs gūð-cyning... wræce leornode (the war-king planned vengeance therefor), 2337.
lēod, st. m., prince: nom. sg., 341, 348, 670, 830, 1433, 1493, 1613, 1654, etc.; acc. lēod, 626.
lēod, st. f., people: gen. sg. lēode, 597, 600, 697. In pl. indicates individuals, people, kinsmen: nom. pl. lēode, 362, 415, 1214, 2126, etc.; gum-cynnes Gēata lēode (people of the race of the Gēatas), 260; acc. pl. lēode, 192, 443, 1337, 1346, etc.; dat. pl. lēodum, 389, 521, 619, 698, 906, 1160, etc.; gen. pl. lēoda, 205, 635, 794, 1674, 2034, etc.
lēod-bealo, st. n., (mischief, misfortune affecting an entire people), great, unheard-of calamity: acc. sg., 1723; gen. pl. lēod-bealewa, 1947.
lēod-burh, st. f., princely castle, stronghold of a ruler, chief city: acc. pl. -byrig, 2472.
lēod-cyning, st. m., king of the people: nom. sg., 54.
lēod-fruma, w. m., prince of the people, ruler: acc. sg. lēod-fruman, 2131.
lēod-gebyrgea, w. m., protector of the people, prince: acc. sg. -gebyrgean, 269.
lēod-hryre, st. m., fall, overthrow, of the prince, ruler: dat. sg. æfter lēod-hryre (after the fall of the king of the Heaðobeardas, Frōda, cf. 2051, 2031; gen. sg. þæs lēod-hryres (of the fall of Heardred, cf. 2389, 2392.
lēod-sceaða, w. m., injurer of the people: dat. sg. þām lēod-sceaðan, 2094.
lēod-scipe, st. m., the whole nation, people: acc. sg., 2752; dat. sg. on þām lēod-scipe, 2198.
lēoð, st. n., song, lay: nom. sg., 1160.—Comp.: fyrd-, gryre-, gūð-, sorh-lēoð.
lēof, adj., lief, dear: nom. sg., 31, 54, 203, 511, 521, 1877, 2468; weak form m., lēofa, 1217, 1484, 1855, 2664; acc. sg. m. lēofne, 34, 297, 619, 1944, 2128, 3109, 3143; gen. sg. lēofes (m.), 1995, 2081, 2898; (neut.), 1062, 2911; dat. pl. lēofum, 1074; gen. pl. lēofra, 1916. Compar. nom. sg. neut. lēofre, 2652. Superl. nom. sg. m. lēofost, 1297; acc. sg. þone lēofestan, 2824.
lēoflīc, dear, precious, valued: nom. sg. m. lēoflīc lind-wiga, 2604; acc. sg. neut. lēoflīc īren, 1810.
lēogan, st. v., to lie, belie, deceive. subj. pres. næfne him his wlite lēoge (unless his looks belie him), 250; pret. sg. hē ne lēag fela wyrda nē worda, 3030.
ā-lēogan, to deceive, leave unfulfilled: pret. sg. hē bēot ne ā-lēh (he left not his promise unfulfilled), 80.
ge-lēogan, to deceive, betray: pret. sg. him sēo wēn gelēah (hope deceived him), 2324.
lēoht, st. n., light, brilliance: nom. sg., 569, 728, 1751 (?); acc. sg. sunnan lēoht, 649; godes lēoht gecēas (chose God’s light, died), 2470; dat. sg. tō lēohte, 95.—Comp.: ǣfen-, fȳr-, morgen-lēoht.
lēoht, adj., luminous, bright: instr. sg. lēohtan sweorde, 2493.
lēoma, w. m.: 1) light, splendor: nom. sg., 311, 2770; acc. sg. lēoman, 1518; sunnan and mōnan lēoman (light of sun and moon), 95.—2) (as beadu- and hilde-lēoma), the glittering sword: nom. sg. līxte se lēoma (the blade-gleam flashed), 1571.
lēosan, st. v., = amitti, in be-lēosan, to deprive, be deprived of: pres. part. (hēo) wearð beloren lēofum bearnum and brōðrum (was deprived of her dear children and brethren), 1074.
for-lēosan, with dat. instr., to lose something: pret. sg. þǣr hē dōme for-lēas, ellen-mǣrðum (there lost he the glory, the repute, of his heroic deeds), 1471; pret. sg. for pl. þām þe ǣr his elne for-lēas (to him who, before, had lost his valor), 2862; part. pret. nealles ic þām lēanum for-loren hæfde (not at all had I lost the rewards), 2146.
libban, w. v., to live, be, exist: pres. sing. III. lifað, 3169; lyfað, 945; leofað, 975, 1367, 2009; subj. pres. sg. II. lifige, 1225; pres. part. lifigende, 816, 1954, 1974, 2063; dat. sg. be þē lifigendum (in thy lifetime), 2666; pret. sg. lifde, 57, 1258; lyfde, 2145; pret. pl. lifdon, 99. See unlifigende.
licgan, st. v.: 1) to lie, lie down or low: pres. sg. nū sēo hand ligeð (now the hand lies low), 1344; nū se wyrm ligeð, 2746, so 2904; inf. licgan, 3130; licgean, 967, 3083; pret. sg. læg, 40, 552, 2078; syððan Heardrēd læg (after Heardrēd had fallen), 2389; pret. pl. lāgon, 3049; lǣgon, 566.—2) to lie prostrate, rest, fail: pret. sg. nǣfre on ōre læg wīd-cūðes wīg (never failed the far-famed one’s valor at the front), 1042; syððan wiðer-gyld læg (after vengeance failed, or, when Withergyld lay dead, if W. is a proper name), 2052.
ā-licgan, to succumb, fail, yield: inf. 2887; pret. sg. þæt his dōm ā-læg (that its power failed it), 1529.
ge-licgan, to rest, lie still: pret. sg. wind-blond gelæg, 3147.
lida, w. m., boat, ship (as in motion); in comp.: sund-, ȳð-lida.
lid-man, st. m., seafarer, sailor: gen. pl. lid-manna, 1624.
lim, st. n., limb, branch: instr. pl. leomum, 97.
limpan, st. v., to happen, befall (well or ill); impers. w. dat. pret. sg. hū lomp ēow on lāde (how went it with you on the journey?), 1988.
ā-limpan, to come about, offer itself: pret. sg. oð þæt sǣl ā-lamp (till the opportunity presented itself), 623; pret. part, þā him ā-lumpen wæs wistfylle wēn (since a hope of a full meal had befallen him), 734.
be-limpan, to happen to, befall: pret. sg. him sīo sār belamp, 2469.
ge-limpan, to happen, occur, turn out: pres. sg. III. hit eft gelimpeð þæt..., 1754; subj. pres. þisse ansȳne alwealdan þanc lungre gelimpe (thanks to the Almighty forthwith for this sight!), 930; pret. sg. him on fyrste gelamp þæt..., 76; swā him ful-oft gelamp (as often happened to them), 1253; þæs þe hire se willa gelamp þæt... (because her wish had been fulfilled), 627; frōfor eft gelamp sārig-mōdum, 2942; subj. pret. gif him þyslīcu þearf gelumpe, 2638; pret. part. Denum eallum wearð... willa gelumpen, 825.
lind, st. f. (properly linden; here, a a wooden shield covered with linden-bark or pith): nom. sg., 2342; acc. sg. geolwe linde, 2611; acc. pl. linde, 2366.
lind-gestealla, w. m., shield-comrade, war-comrade: nom. sg., 1974.
lind-hæbbend, pres. part., provided with a shield, i.e. warrior: nom. pl. -hæbbende, 245; gen. pl. hæbbendra, 1403.
lind-plega, w. m., shield-play, i.e. battle: dat. sg. lind-plegan, 1074, 2040.
lind-wiga, w. m., shield-fighter, warrior: nom. sg., 2604.
linnan, st. v., to depart, be deprived of: inf. aldre linnan (depart from life), 1479; ealdres linnan, 2444.
lis, st. f., favor, affection: gen. pl. eall... lissa, 2151.
list, st. m., art, skill, cleverness, cunning: dat. pl. adverbial, listum (cunningly), 782.
līxan, w. v., to shine, flash: pret. sg. līxte, 311, 485, 1571.
līc, st. n.: 1) body, corpse: nom. sg., 967; acc. sg. līc, 2081; þæt līc (the body, corpse), 2128; dat. sg. līce, 734, 1504, 2424, 2572, 2733, 2744; gen. sg. līces, 451, 1123.— 2) form, figure: in comp. eofor-, swīn-līc.
ge-līc, adj., like, similar: nom. pl. m. ge-līce, 2165. Superl. ge-līcost, 218, 728, 986, 1609.
līc-hama, -homa, w. m. (body-home, garment), body: nom. sg. līc-homa, 813, 1008, 1755; acc. sg. līc-haman, 2652; dat. sg. līc-haman, 3179.
līcian, w. v., to please, like (impers.): pres. sg. III. mē þīn mōd-sefa līcað leng swā wēl, 1855; pret. pl. þām wīfe þā word wēl līcodon, 640.
līcnes. See on-līcnes.
līc-sār, st. n., bodily pain: acc. sg. līc-sār, 816.
līc-syrce, w. f., body-sark, shirt of mail covering the body: nom. sg., 550.
1īðan, st. v., to move, go: pres. part. nom. pl. þā līðende (navigantes, sailors), 221; þā wæs sund liden (the water was then traversed), 223.—Comp.: hēaðu-, mere-, wǣg-līðend.
līðe (O.H.G. lindi), adj., gentle, mild, friendly: nom. sg. w. instr. gen. lāra līðe, 1221. Superl. nom. sg. līðost, 3184.
lið-wǣge, st. n., can in which līð (a wine-like, foaming drink) is contained: acc. sg., 1983.
līf, st. n., life: acc. sg. līf, 97, 734, 1537, 2424, 2744, 2752; dat. sg. līfe, 2572; tō līfe (in one’s life, ever) 2433; gen. sg. līfes, 197, 791, 807, 2824, 2846; worolde līfes (of the earthly life), 1388, 2344.—Comp. edwīt-līf.
līf-bysig, adj. (striving for life or death), weary of life, in torment of death: nom. sg., 967.
līf-dagas, st. m. pl., lifetime: acc.-dagas, 794, 1623.
līf-frēa, w. m., lord of life, God: nom. sg., 16.
līf-gedāl, st. n., separation from life: nom. sg., 842.
līf-gesceaft, st. f., fate, destiny: gen. pl.-gesceafta, 1954, 3065.
līf-wraðu, st. f., protection for one’s life, safety: acc. sg. līf-wraðe, 2878; dat. sg. tō līf-wraðe, 972.
līf-wyn, st. f., pleasure, enjoyment, joy (of life): gen. pl. līf-wynna, 2098.
līg, st. m. n., flame, fire: nom. sg., 1123; dat. instr. sg. līge, 728, 2306, 2322, 2342; gen. sg. līges, 83, 782. See lēg.
līg-draca, w. m., fire-drake, flaming dragon; nom. pl., 2334. See lēg-draca.
līg-egesa, w. m., horror arising through fire, flaming terror: acc. sg., 2781.
līge-torn, st. m., false, pretended insult or injury, fierce anger(?): dat. sg. æfter līge-torne (on account of a pretended insult? or fierce anger? cf. Bugge in Zacher’s Zeits. 4, 208), 1944.
līg-ȳð, st. m., wave of fire: instr. pl. līg-ȳðum, 2673.
lēon, st. v., to lend: pret. sg. þæt him on þearfe lāh þyle Hrōðgāres (which H.’s spokesman lent him in need), 1457.
on-lēoon, to lend, grant as a loan, with gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. þā hē þæs wǣpnes on-lāh sēlran sweord-frecan, 1468.
loca, w. m., bolt, lock: in comp. bān-, burh-loca.
locen. See lūcan.
lond, long. See land, lang.
lof, st. m. n., praise, repute: acc. sg. lof, 1537.
lof-dǣd, st. f., deed of praise: instr. pl. lof-dǣdum, 24.
lof-georn, adj., eager for praise, ambitious: superl. nom. sg. lof-geornost, 3184.
loga, w. m., liar; in comp. trēow-loga.
losian, w. v., to escape, flee: pres. sg. III. losað, 1393, 2063; pret. sg. hē on weg losade (fled away), 2097.
lōcian, w. v., to see, look at: pres. sg. II. sǣ-lāc... þē þū hēr tō lōcast (booty of the sea that thou lookest on), 1655.
ge-lōme, adv., often, frequently, 559.
lufe, w. f., love: in comp. hēah-, mōd-, wīf-lufe.
lufa (cf. and-leofa, big-leofa, nourishment), w. m., food, subsistence; property, real estate: acc. sg. on lufan (on possessions), 1729.—Comp. eard-lufa.
lufen, st. f. (cf. lufa), subsistence, food; real estate, (enjoyment?): nom. sg. lufen (parallel with ēðel-wyn), 2887.
luf-tācen, st. n., love-token: acc. pl. luf-tācen, 1864.
lufian, w. v., to love, serve affectionately: pret. sg. III. lufode þā lēode (was on affectionate terms with the people), 1983.
lungre, adv.: 1) hastily, quickly, forthwith, 930, 1631, 2311, 2744.—2) quite, very, fully: fēower mēaras lungre gelīce (four horses quite alike), 2165.
lust, st. m., pleasure, joy: dat. pl. adv. lustum (joyfully), 1654; so, on lust, 619, cf. 600.
lūcan, st. v., to twist, wind, lock, interweave: pret. part. acc. sg. and pl. locene leoðo-syrcan (shirt of mail wrought of meshes or rings interlocked), 1506, 1891; gen. pl. locenra bēaga (rings wrought of gold wire), 2996.
be-lūcan: 1) to shut, close in or around: pret. sg. winter ȳðe be-lēac īs-gebinde (winter locked the waves with icy bond), 1133.— 2) to shut in, off, preserve, protect: pret. sg. I. hig wīge belēac manegum mǣgða (I shut them in, protected them, from war arising from many a tribe), 1771. Cf. mē wīge belūc wrāðum fēondum (protect me against mine enemies), Ps. 34, 3.
ge-lūcan, to unite, link together, make: pret. part. gelocen, 2770.
on-lūcan, to unlock, open: pret. sg. word-hord on-lēac (opened the word-hoard, treasure of speech), 259.
tō-lucan, (to twist, wrench, in two) to destroy: inf., 782.
lyft, st. f. (m. n.?), air: nom. sg., 1376; dat. sg. æfter lyfte (along, through, the air), 2833.
lyft-floga, w. m., air-flier: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2316.
lyft-geswenced, pret. part., urged, hastened on, by the wind, 1914.
lyft-wyn, st. f., enjoyment of the air: acc. sg. lyft-wynne, 3044.
lyhð. See leahan.
lystan, w. v., to lust after, long for: pret. sg. Gēat ungemetes wēl... restan lyste(the Gēat [Bēowulf] longed sorely to rest), 1794.
lȳt, adj. neut. (= parum), little, very little, few: lȳt eft becwōm... hāmes nīosan (few escaped homeward), 2366; lȳt ǣnig (none at all), 3130; usually with gen.: wintra lȳt, 1928; lȳt... hēafod-māga, 2151; wergendra tō lȳt (too few defenders), 2883; lȳt swīgode nīwra spella (he kept to himself little, none at all, of the new tidings), 2898; dat. sg. lȳt manna (too few of men), 2837.
lȳtel, adj., small, little: nom. sg. neut. tō lȳtel, 1749; acc. sg. f. lȳtle hwīle (a little while), 2031, 2098; lif-wraðe lȳtle (little protection for his life), 2878.—Comp. un-lȳtel.
lȳt-hwōn, adv., little = not at all: lȳt-hwōn lōgon, 204.
lȳfe, st. n., leave, permission, (life?): instr. sg. þīne lȳfe (life, MS.), 2132.—Leo. Cf. O.N. leyfi, n., leave, permission, in Möbius’ Glossary, p. 266.
lȳfan, w. v., (fundamental meaning to believe, trust) in
ā-lȳfan, to allow, grant, entrust: pret. sg. nǣfre ic ǣnegum men ǣr ālȳfde... þrȳð-ærn Dena (never before to any man have I entrusted the palace of the Danes), 656; pret. part. (þā mē wæs) sīð... ālȳfed inn under eorð-weall (the way in under the wall of earth was allowed me), 3090.
ge-lȳfan, w. v., to believe, trust: 1) w. dat.: inf. þǣr gelȳfan sceal dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð (whomever death carrieth away, shall believe it to be the judgment of God, i.e. in the contest between Bēowulf and Grendel), 440.—2) w. acc.: pret. sg. gēoce gelȳfde brego Beorht-Dena (believed in, expected, help, etc.), 609; þæt hēo on ǣnigne eorl gelȳfde fyrena frōfre (that she at last should expect from any earl comfort, help, out of these troubles), 628; sē þe him bealwa tō bōte gelȳfde (who trusted in him as a help out of evils), 910; him tō anwaldan āre gelȳfde (relied for himself on the help of God), 1273.
ā-lȳsan, w. v., to loose, liberate: pret. part. þā wæs of þǣm hrōran helm and byrne lungre ā-lȳsed (helm and corselet were straightway loosed from him), 1631.