T
taligean, w. v.: 1) to count, reckon, number; esteem, think: pres. sg. I. nō ic mē... hnāgran gūð-geweorca þonne Grendel hine (count myself no worse than G. in battle-works), 678; wēn ic talige...þæt (I count on the hope... that), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. þæt rǣd talað þæt (counts it gain that), 2028.—2) to tell, relate: sōð ic talige (I tell facts), 532; swā þū self talast (as thou thyself sayst), 595.
tācen, st. n., token, sign, evidence: nom. sg. tācen sweotol, 834; dat. instr. sg. sweotolan tācne, 141; tīres tō tācne, 1655.—Comp. luf-tācen.
tān, st. m., twig: in comp. āter-tān. [emended to āter-tēarum in text—KTH]
ge-tǣcan, w. v., to show, point out: pret. sg. him þā hilde-dēor hof mōdigra torht ge-tǣhte (the warrior pointed out to them the bright dwelling of the bold ones, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, to indicate, assign: pret. sōna mē se mǣra mago Healfdenes... wið his sylfes sunu setl getǣhte (assigned me a seat by his own son), 2014.
tǣle, adj., blameworthy: in comp. un-tǣle.
ge-tǣse, adj., quiet, still: nom. sg. gif him wǣre... niht ge-tǣse (whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night), 1321.
tela, adv., fittingly, well, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.
telge. See talian.
tellan, w. v., to tell, consider, deem: pret. sg. nē his līf-dagas lēoda ǣnigum nytte tealde (nor did he count his life useful to any man), 795; þæt ic mē ǣnigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (I believed not that I had any foe under heaven), 1774; cwæð hē þone gūð-wine gōdne tealde (said he counted the war-friend good), 1811; hē ūsic gār-wīgend gōde tealde (deemed us good spear-warriors), 2642; pl. swā (so that) hine Gēata beam gōdne ne tealdon, 2185.—2) to ascribe, count against, impose: pret. sg. (Þrȳðo) him wælbende weotode tealde hand-gewriðene, 1937.
ge-tenge, adj., attached to, lying on: w. dat. gold... grunde ge-tenge, 2759.
tēar, st. m., tear: nom. pl. tēaras, 1873.
teoh, st. f., troop, band: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.
(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., to fix, determine, assign: pret. sg. ic for lǣssan lēan teohhode... hnāhran rince, 952; pres. part. wæs ōðer in ǣr geteohhod (assigned)... mǣrum Gēate, 1301.
tēon, st. v., to draw, lead: inf. heht... eahta mēaras... on flet tēon (bade eight horses be led into the hall), 1037; pret. sg. mē tō grunde tēah fāh fēond-sceaða (the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom), 553; eft-sīðas tēah (withdrew, returned), 1333; sg. for pl. ǣg-hwylcum...þāra þe mid Bēowulfe brim-lāde tēah (to each of those that crossed the sea with B.) 1052; pret. part. þā wæs... heard ecg togen (then was the hard edge drawn), 1289; wearð... on næs togen (was drawn to the promontory), 1440.
ā-tēon, to wander, go, intrans.: pret. sg. tō Heorute ā-tēah (drew to Heorot), 767.
ge-tēon: 1) to draw: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-tēah, 2611; w. instr. and acc. hyre seaxe ge-tēah, brad brūn-ecg, 1546.—2) to grant, give, lend: imp. nō þū him wearne getēoh þīnra gegn-cwida glædnian (refuse not to gladden them with thy answer), 366; pret. sg. and þā Bēowulfe bēga gehwæðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-tēah (and the prince of the Ingwins gave B. power over both), 1045; so, hē him ēst getēah (gave possession of), 2166.
of-tēon, to deprive, withdraw, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. Scyld Scēfing... monegum mǣgðum meodo-setla of-tēah, 5; w. acc. of thing, hond... feorh-sweng ne of-tēah, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne of-tēah, 1521.
þurh-tēon, to effect: inf. gif hē torn-gemōt þurh-tēon mihte, 1141.
tēon (cf. tēoh, materia, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., to make, work: pret. sg. tēode, 1453;—to furnish out, deck: pret. pl. nalas hī hine lǣssan lācum tēodan (provided him with no less gifts), 43.
ge-tēon, to provide, do, bring on: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan... swā unc Wyrd ge-tēoð, 2527; pret. sg. þē him... sāre ge-tēode (who had done him this harm), 2296.
ge-tēona, w. m., injurer, harmer: in comp. lāð-ge-tēona.
til, adj., good, apt, fit: nom. sg. m. Hālga til, 61; þegn ungemete till (of Wīglāf), 2722; fem. wæs sēo þēod tilu, 1251; neut. ne wæs þæt ge-wrixle til, 1305.
tilian, w. v. w. gen., to gain, win: inf. gif ic... ōwihte mæg þīnre mōd-lufan māran tilian (if I... gain), 1824.
timbrian, w. v., to build: pret. part. acc. sg. sæl timbred (the well-built hall), 307.
be-timbrian, (construere), to finish building, complete: pret. pl. betimbredon on tȳn dagum beadu-rōfes bēcn, 3161.
tīd, st. f., -tide, time: acc. sg. twelf wintra tīd, 147; lange tīd, 1916; in þā tīde, 2228.—Comp.: ān-, morgen-tīd.
ge-tīðian (from tigðian), w. v., to grant: pret. part. impers. wæs... bēne (gen.) ge-tīðad fēasceaftum men, 2285.
tīr, st. m., glory, repute in war. gen. sg. tīres, 1655.
tīr-ēadig, adj., glorious, famous: dat. sg. tīr-ēadigum menn (of Bēowulf), 2190.
tīr-fæst, adj., famous, rich in glory. nom. sg. (of Hrōðgār), 923.
tīr-lēas, adj., without glory, infamous: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.
toga, w. m., leader: in comp. folc-toga.
torht, adj., bright, brilliant: acc. sg. neut. hof... torht, 313.—Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (loud in battle).
torn, st. n.: 1) wrath, insult, distress: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen. pl. torna, 2190.—2) anger: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.—Comp. līge-torn.
torn, adj., bitter, cruel: nom. sg, hrēowa tornost, 2130.
torn-ge-mōt, st. n., (wrathful meeting), angry engagement, battle: acc. sg., 1141.
tō, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local = whither after verbs of motion, to, up to, at: cōm tō recede (to the hall), 721; ēode tō sele, 920; ēode tō hire frēan sittan, 642; gǣð eft... tō medo (goeth again to mead), 605; wand tō wolcnum (wound to the welkin), 1120; sigon tō slǣpe (sank to sleep), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438, 553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; līð-wǣge bær hǣlum tō handa (bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?), 1984; oð þæt niht becōm ōðer tō yldum, 2118; him tō bearme cwōm māððum-fæt mǣre (came to his hands, into his possession), 2405; sǣlde tō sande sīd-fæðme scip (fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore), 1918; þat se harm-scaða tō Heorute ā-tēah (went forth to Heorot), 767. After verb sittan: site nū tō symble (sit now to the meal), 489; siððan... wē tō symble geseten hæfdon, 2105; tō ham (home, at home), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of speaking: maðelode tō his wine-drihtne (spake to his friendly lord), 360; tō Gēatum sprec, 1172; so, heht þæt heaðo-weorc tō hagan bīodan (bade the battle-work be told at the hedge), 2893.—2) with verbs of bringing and taking (cf. under on, I., d): hraðe wæs tō būre Bēowulf fetod (B. was hastily brought from a room), 1311; siððan Hāma æt-wæg tō þǣre byrhtan byrig Brōsinga mene (since H. carried the Brōsing-necklace off from the bright city), 1200; wēan āhsode. fǣhðo to Frȳsum (suffered woe, feud as to, from, the Frisians), 1208.—3) =end of motion, hence: a) to, for, as, in: þone god sende folce tō frōfre (for, as, a help to the folk), 14; gesette... sunnan and mōnan lēoman to lēohte (as a light), 95; ge-sæt... tō rune (sat in counsel), 172; wearð hē Heaðo-lāfe tō hand-bonan, 460; bringe... tō helpe (bring to, for, help), 1831; Jofore forgeaf āngan dōhtor... hyldo tō wedde (as a pledge of his favor), 2999; so, 508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.; secgan tō sōðe (to say in sooth), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of thinking, hoping, etc., on, for, at, against: hē tō gyrn-wræce swīðor þōhte þonne tō sǣ-lāde (thought more on vengeance than on the sea-voyage), 1139; sæcce ne wēneð tō Gār-Denum (nor weeneth of conflict with the Spear-Danes), 602; þonne wēne ic tō þē wyrsan geþinges (then I expect for thee a worse result), 525; nē ic to Swēoþēode sibbe oððe trēowe wihte ne wēne (nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes...), 2923; wiste þǣm āhlǣcan tō þǣm hēah-sele hilde ge-þinged (battle prepared for the monster in the high hall), 648; wēl bið þǣm þe mot tō fæder fæðmum freoðo wilnian (well for him that can find peace in the Father’s arms), 188; þāra þe hē ge-worhte tō West-Denum (of those that he wrought against the West-Danes), 1579.—4) with the gerund, inf.: tō gefremmanne (to do), 174; tō ge-cȳðanne (to make known), 257; tō secganne (to say), 473; to beflēonne (to avoid, escape), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852, 1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tō fēran, 316; tō friclan, 2557.—5) temporal: gewāt him tō gescæp-hwīle (went at(?) the hour of fate; or, to his fated rest?), 26; tō wīdan feore (ever, in their lives), 934; āwa tō aldre (for life, forever), 956; so, tō aldre, 2006, 2499; tō life (during life, ever), 2433.—6) with particles: wōd under wolcnum tō þæs þe... (went under the welkin to the point where...), 715; so, elne ge-ēodon tō þæs þe, 1968; so, 2411; hē him þæs lēan for-geald... tō þæs þe hē on reste geseah Grendel licgan (he paid him for that to the point that he saw G. lying dead), 1586; wæs þæt blōd tō þæs hāt (the blood was hot to that degree), 1617; næs þā long tō þon þæt (’twas not long till), 2592, 2846; wæs him se man tō þon lēof þæt (the man was dear to him to that degree), 1877; tō hwan siððan wearð hond-rǣs hæleða (up to what point, how, the hand-contest turned out), 2072; tō middes (in the midst), 3142.
II. Adverbial modifier, quasi preposition [better explained in many cases as prep. postponed]: l) to, towards, up to, at: gēong sōna tō, 1786; so, 2649; fēhð ōðer tō, 1756; sǣ-lāc... þē þū hēr tō lōcast (upon which thou here lookest), 1655; folc tō sǣgon (the folk looked on), 1423; þæt hī him tō mihton gegnum gangan (might proceed thereto), 313; sē þe him bealwa tō bōte gelȳfde (who believed in help out of evils from him, i.e. Bēowulf), 910; him tō anwaldan āre ge-lyfde (trusted for himself to the Almighty’s help), 1273; þē ūs sēceað tō Swēona lēode (that the Swedes will come against us), 3002.—2) before adj. and adv., too: tō strang (too mighty), 133; tō fæst, 137; tō swȳð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743, 1749, etc.; tō fela micles (far too much), 695; hē tō forð ge-stōp (he had gone too far), 2290.
tōð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., tooth: in comp. blōdig-tōð (adj.).
tredan, st. v. w. acc., to tread: inf. sǣ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wræc-lāstas træd, 1353; medo-wongas træd, 1644; græs-moldan træd, 1882.
treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., to stride, tread, go: pret. sg. treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (strode about with a strong troop), 923.
trem, st. n., piece, part: acc. sg. nē... fōtes trem (not a foot’s breadth), 2526.
trēow, st. f., fidelity, good faith: acc. sg. trēowe, 1073; sibbe oððe trēowe, 2923.
trēow, st. n., tree: in comp. galg-trēow.
trēowian. See truwian.
trēow-loga, w. m., troth-breaker, pledge-breaker: nom. pl. trēow-logan, 2848.
trodu, st. f., track, step: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.
ge-trum, st. n., troop, band: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.
trum, adj., strong, endowed with: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.
ge-truwan, w. v. w. acc., to confirm, pledge solemnly: pret. sg. þā hīe getruwedon on twā healfe fæste frioðu-wǣre, 1096.
truwian, trēowan, w. v., to trust in, rely on, believe in: 1) w. dat.: pret. sg. sīðe ne truwode lēofes mannes (I trusted not in the dear man’s enterprise), 1994; bearne ne truwode þæt hē... (she trusted not the child that...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe trēowde þæt hē... (each trusted his heart that...), 1167.—2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Gēata lēod georne truwode mōdgan mægnes, 670; wiðres ne truwode, 2954.
ge-truwian, to rely on, trust in, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-truwode, mund-gripe mægenes, 1534;—w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-truwode, wīges and wealles, 2323; strenge ge-truwode ānes mannes, 2541.
tryddian. See treddian.
trȳwe, adj., true, faithful: nom. sg. þā gȳt wæs... ǣghwylc ōðrum trȳwe, 1166.
ge-trȳwe, adj., faithful: nom. sg. hēr is ǣghwylc eorl ōðrum ge-trȳwe, 1229.
turf, st. f., sod, soil, seat: in comp. ēðel-turf.
tūx, st. m., tooth, tusk: in comp. hilde-tūx.
ge-twǣfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, to separate, divide, deprive of, hinder: pres. sg. III. þæt þec ādl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twǣfeð (robs of strength), 1764; inf. god ēaðe mæg þone dol-scaðan dǣda ge-twǣfan (God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds), 479; pret. sg. sumne Gēata lēod... fēores getwǣfde (cut him off from life), 1434; nō þǣr wǣg-flotan wind ofer ȳðum sīðes ge-twǣfde (the wind hindered not the wave-floater in her course over the water), 1909; pret. part. æt rihte wæs gūð ge-twǣfed (almost had the struggle been ended), 1659.
ge-twǣman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, to hinder, render incapable of, restrain: inf. ic hine ne mihte... ganges getwǣman, 969.
twēgen, m. f. n. twā, num., twain, two: nom. m. twēgen, 1164; acc. m. twēgen, 1348; dat. twǣm, 1192 gen. twēga, 2533; acc. f. twā, 1096, 1195.
twelf, num., twelve, gen. twelfa, 3172.
tweone (Frisian twine), num. = bini, two: dat. pl. be sǣm tweonum, 859, 1298; 1686.
twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (long-assured), 1709.
tȳder, st. m., race, descendant: in comp. un-tȳder, 111.
tȳdre (Frisian teddre), adj., weak, unwarlike, cowardly: nom. pl. tȳdre, 2848.
tȳn, num., ten: uninflect. dat. on tȳn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tȳne, 2848.
tyrwian, w. v., to tar: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: nīw-tyrwed.
on-tyhtan, w. v., to urge on, incite, entice: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.