Tuesday, February 9, 1904
Breakfast.—Bread 22 grams, tea 146 grams.
Lunch.—Macaroni 129 grams, fried sweet potato 85.5 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 15 grams, fig cake with wine sauce 115 grams, sugar 15 grams, coffee 210 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 27.9 grams, beef 48 grams, potato 207.5 grams, butter 19 grams, pie 272 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 10 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 22 + 59 + 27.9 = | 108.9 | × | 1.61 | = | 1.753 | grams. |
| Tea | 146.0 | × | 0.018 | = | 0.026 | ||
| Macaroni | 129.0 | × | 0.87 | = | 1.122 | ||
| Sweet potato | 85.5 | × | 0.28 | = | 0.240 | ||
| Butter | 15 + 19 = | 34.0 | × | 0.088 | = | 0.030 | |
| Fig cake | 115.0 | × | 0.69 | = | 0.793 | ||
| Sugar | 15 + 10 = | 25.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.09 | = | 0.207 | ||
| Beef | 48.0 | × | 2.64 | = | 1.267 | ||
| Potatoes | 207.5 | × | 0.36 | = | 0.747 | ||
| Pie | 272.0 | × | 0.49 | = | 1.332 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.315 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.832 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.490 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2232 calories.
Wednesday, February 10, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 33 grams, tea 146 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 71 grams, butter 10.5 grams, apple fritters 119 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Roast pork 80 grams, bread 55.7 grams, butter 27.8 grams, cranberry sauce 150 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 33 + 71 + 55.7 = | 159.7 | × | 1.65 | = | 2.635 | grams. |
| Tea | 146.0 | × | 0.075 | = | 0.109 | ||
| Butter | 10.5 + 27.8 = | 38.3 | × | 0.088 | = | 0.033 | |
| Apple fritters | 119.0 | × | 0.45 | = | 0.535 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.231 | ||
| Sugar | 21 + 21 = | 42.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Roast pork | 80.0 | × | 4.80 | = | 3.840 | ||
| Cranberry sauce | 150.0 | × | 0.04 | = | 0.060 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.231 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.674 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 6.140 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 1694 calories.
Thursday, February 11, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 38.7 grams, tea 146 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 97.5 grams, butter 31.5 grams, sweet potato 108.7 grams, spaghetti 82.5 grams, peaches 89.4 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 75 grams, butter 21.5 grams, roast beef 116 grams, lemon pie 188.5 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 38.7 + 97.5 + 75 = | 211.2 | × | 1.75 | = | 3.696 | grams. |
| Tea | 146.0 | × | 0.084 | = | 0.122 | ||
| Butter | 31.5 + 21.5 = | 53.0 | × | 0.088 | = | 0.046 | |
| Sweet potato | 108.7 | × | 0.31 | = | 0.336 | ||
| Spaghetti | 82.5 | × | 0.47 | = | 0.387 | ||
| Peaches | 89.4 | × | 0.09 | = | 0.080 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.096 | = | 0.201 | ||
| Sugar | 21 + 21 = | 42.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Roast beef | 116.0 | × | 3.00 | = | 3.480 | ||
| Lemon pie | 188.5 | × | 0.61 | = | 1.149 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.13 | = | 0.273 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.770 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.020 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2334 calories.
Friday, February 12, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 34 grams, tea 146 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 42 grams, butter 20 grams, codfish cake 72 grams, potato 100 grams, custard 100 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 46 grams, butter 25.5 grams, veal 53 grams, potato 75 grams, lima beans 50 grams, apple dumpling 120 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 34 + 42 + 46 = | 122.0 | × | 1.71 | = | 2.086 | grams. |
| Tea | 146.0 | × | 0.045 | = | 0.065 | ||
| Butter | 20 + 25.5 = | 45.5 | × | 0.088 | = | 0.040 | |
| Codfish cake | 72.0 | × | 1.57 | = | 1.130 | ||
| Potato | 100.0 | × | 0.41 | = | 0.410 | ||
| Custard | 100.0 | × | 0.83 | = | 0.830 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.078 | = | 0.163 | ||
| Sugar | 21 + 21 = | 42.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Veal | 53.0 | × | 5.51 | = | 2.920 | ||
| Potato | 75.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.277 | ||
| Lima beans | 50.0 | × | 0.90 | = | 0.450 | ||
| Apple dumpling | 120.0 | × | 0.72 | = | 0.860 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.12 | = | 0.252 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.483 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.820 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 1735 calories.
Saturday, February 13, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 35 grams, tea 146 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 57.5 grams, butter 28 grams, sweet potato 100 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams, quince 105.5 grams, apple turnovers 153 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 35.5 grams, butter 11 grams, peas 70 grams, roast beef 50 grams, pie 169 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 35 + 57.5 + 35.5 = | 128.0 | × | 1.64 | = | 2.099 | grams. |
| Tea | 146.0 | × | 0.033 | = | 0.048 | ||
| Butter | 28 + 11 = | 39.0 | × | 0.088 | = | 0.034 | |
| Sweet potato | 100.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.370 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.315 | ||
| Sugar | 21 + 21 = | 42.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Quince | 105.5 | × | 0.047 | = | 0.049 | ||
| Apple turnovers | 153.0 | × | 0.96 | = | 1.468 | ||
| Peas | 70.0 | × | 0.96 | = | 0.672 | ||
| Roast beef | 50.0 | × | 3.22 | = | 1.610 | ||
| Pie | 169.0 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.726 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.231 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.622 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.170 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2186 calories.
Sunday, February 14, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 31 grams, tea 146 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 70.5 grams, butter 29 grams, potato 123 grams, apple sauce 127.5 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 20.5 grams, butter 23 grams, chicken 101.5 grams, potato 80 grams, succotash 80 grams, chocolate cake 103 grams, ice cream 125.8 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 31 + 70.5 + 20.5 = | 122.0 | × | 1.75 | = | 2.135 | grams. |
| Tea | 146.0 | × | 0.063 | = | 0.091 | ||
| Butter | 29 + 23 = | 52.0 | × | 0.088 | = | 0.045 | |
| Potato | 123.0 | × | 0.41 | = | 0.504 | ||
| Apple sauce | 127.5 | × | 0.029 | = | 0.037 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.10 | = | 0.210 | ||
| Sugar | 21 + 21 = | 42.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Chicken | 101.5 | × | 5.08 | = | 5.150 | ||
| Potato | 80.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.296 | ||
| Succotash | 80.0 | × | 0.57 | = | 0.456 | ||
| Chocolate cake | 103.0 | × | 0.75 | = | 0.772 | ||
| Ice cream | 125.8 | × | 0.58 | = | 0.729 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.231 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 10.656 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.730 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2231 calories.
NITROGEN BALANCE.—Underhill.
| Nitrogen Taken in. | Output. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen in Urine. | Weight of Fæces (dry). | ||||||
| Feb. | 9 | 7.832 | grams. | 7.49 | grams. | 9.5 | grams. |
| 10 | 7.674 | 6.14 | |||||
| 11 | 9.770 | 8.02 | 32.0 | ||||
| 12 | 9.483 | 8.82 | 9.5 | ||||
| 13 | 7.622 | 7.17 | 28.0 | ||||
| 14 | 10.656 | 7.73 | 24.0 | ||||
| 103.0 | grams contain 6.52% N. | ||||||
| 53.037 | 45.37 | + | 6.715 | grams nitrogen. | |||
| 53.037 | grams nitrogen. | 52.085 | grams nitrogen. | ||||
| Nitrogen balance for six days | = | +0.952 | gram. |
| Nitrogen balance per day | = | +0.158 | gram. |
Average Intake.
| Calories per day | 2068. |
| Nitrogen per day | 8.83 grams. |
On June 1, near the close of the experiment, a second nitrogen balance was attempted, with a view to seeing if under the existing conditions of life and activity it was possible to reduce the fuel value of the food, and at the same time diminish in still greater measure the quantity of proteid food taken. The results of this trial are seen in the accompanying tables, where for four days a careful comparison of output and intake is shown. It will be observed from these tables that the average fuel value of the food per day was reduced to 1785 calories, and that the average intake of nitrogen was restricted to 6.73 grams per day. The balance shown is a minus balance, although the deficiency per diem is not large. It is very obvious that both the nitrogen and fuel value of the food can be reduced considerably below the average maintained during the period of the first balance, but not to the degree attempted in the second balance, and secure nitrogen or body equilibrium. It will be noted in this last nitrogen balance, that the average daily output of nitrogen through the urine amounted to 6.46 grams, while the average nitrogen intake was 6.73 grams. The fuel value of the food, however, averaged only 1785 calories per day. It is quite evident, if the non-nitrogenous food had not been reduced quite so much, that a plus nitrogen balance would have been obtained. Still, it is obvious that under the conditions of life and activity, this subject needed to metabolize only about 40 grams of proteid per day, with the total fuel value of his food equal to about 2000 calories, in order to secure both body and nitrogen equilibrium. Here, again, we have an illustration of the possibility of physiological economy which shows itself in a reduction of the daily proteid food more than 50 per cent, with a reduction of the non-nitrogenous food fully 30 per cent, and with maintenance of health, strength and vigor equal, if not superior, to that which the subject has ever experienced.