Tuesday, February 9, 1904
Breakfast.—Bread 33 grams, sugar 20 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Lunch.—Consommé 150 grams, sweet potato 170 grams, bread 135 grams, tomato 106 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 75 grams, mashed potato 200 grams, string beans 91 grams, apple pie 282 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams, sugar 20 grams, water 100 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 33 + 135 + 75 = | 243 | × | 1.36 | = | 3.30 | grams. |
| Sugar | 20 + 20 + 20 = | 60 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.00 | |
| Coffee (breakfast) | 210 | × | 0.10 | = | 0.21 | ||
| Consommé | 150 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.57 | ||
| Sweet potato | 170 | × | 0.28 | = | 0.48 | ||
| Tomato | 106 | × | 0.19 | = | 0.20 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.32 | ||
| Potato | 200 | × | 0.36 | = | 0.72 | ||
| String beans | 91 | × | 0.26 | = | 0.24 | ||
| Apple pie | 282 | × | 0.49 | = | 1.38 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210 | × | 0.099 | = | 0.21 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.63 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.52 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2297 calories.
Wednesday, February 10, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 37 grams, sugar 20 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 110 grams, sugar 7 grams, milk 250 grams, apple fritters 90 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 37 grams, sugar 21 grams, baked beans 100 grams, cranberry sauce 125 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams, molasses candy 54 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 37 + 110 + 37 = | 184 | × | 1.65 | = | 3.04 | grams. |
| Sugar | 20 + 7 + 21 = | 48 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.00 | |
| Coffee (breakfast) | 210 | × | 0.12 | = | 0.25 | ||
| Milk | 250 | × | 0.55 | = | 1.37 | ||
| Apple fritters | 90 | × | 0.45 | = | 0.40 | ||
| Baked beans | 100 | × | 1.40 | = | 1.40 | ||
| Cranberry sauce | 125 | × | 0.04 | = | 0.05 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.23 | ||
| Candy | 54 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.03 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 6.77 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 6.75 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 1673 calories.
Thursday, February 11, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 40 grams, sugar 20 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 95 grams, sweet potato 130 grams, sugar 7 grams, milk 250 grams, peach preserve 93 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 90 grams, mashed potato 100 grams, tomato purée 135 grams, baked beans 75 grams, lemon pie 110 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 40 + 95 + 90 = | 225 | × | 1.75 | = | 3.94 | grams. |
| Sugar | 20 + 7 + 21 = | 48 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.00 | |
| Coffee (breakfast) | 210 | × | 0.096 | = | 0.20 | ||
| Sweet potato | 130 | × | 0.31 | = | 0.40 | ||
| Milk | 250 | × | 0.51 | = | 1.27 | ||
| Peach preserve | 93 | × | 0.09 | = | 0.08 | ||
| Potato | 100 | × | 0.36 | = | 0.36 | ||
| Tomato purée | 135 | × | 0.33 | = | 0.45 | ||
| Baked beans | 75 | × | 1.30 | = | 0.98 | ||
| Lemon pie | 110 | × | 0.61 | = | 0.67 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210 | × | 0.13 | = | 0.27 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 8.62 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 6.71 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 1828 calories.
Friday, February 12, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 58 grams, sugar 21 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 120 grams, sugar 21 grams, custard 76 grams, milk 250 grams, coffee and milk 125 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 67.5 grams, sugar 21 grams, mashed potato 150 grams, lima beans 80 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams, apple dumpling 131 grams, molasses candy 27 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 58 + 120 + 67.5 = | 245.5 | × | 1.71 | = | 4.20 | grams. |
| Sugar | 21 + 21 + 21 = | 63.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.00 | |
| Coffee (breakfast) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.23 | ||
| Custard | 76.0 | × | 0.83 | = | 0.63 | ||
| Milk | 250.0 | × | 0.48 | = | 1.20 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 125.0 | × | 0.078 | = | 0.10 | ||
| Potato | 150.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.56 | ||
| Lima beans | 80.0 | × | 0.90 | = | 0.72 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.12 | = | 0.25 | ||
| Apple dumpling | 131.0 | × | 0.72 | = | 0.94 | ||
| Candy | 27.0 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.00 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 8.83 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.24 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 1929 calories.
Saturday, February 13, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 47.5 grams, sugar 28 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 57 grams, sugar 40 grams, sweet potato 135 grams, quince preserve 73 grams, apple turnovers 118 grams, coffee and milk 310 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 59 grams, mashed potato 175 grams, peas 80 grams, apple pie 141.5 grams, sugar 21 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 47.5 + 57 + 59 = | 164.0 | × | 1.64 | = | 2.69 | grams. |
| Sugar | 28 + 40 + 21 = | 89.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.00 | |
| Coffee (breakfast) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.23 | ||
| Sweet potato | 135.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.50 | ||
| Quince preserve | 73.0 | × | 0.047 | = | 0.03 | ||
| Apple turnovers | 118.0 | × | 0.96 | = | 1.13 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 310.0 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.47 | ||
| Potato | 175.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.65 | ||
| Peas | 80.0 | × | 0.96 | = | 0.77 | ||
| Apple pie | 141.5 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.61 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.23 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.31 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.83 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2057 calories.
Sunday, February 14, 1904.
Breakfast.—Bread 50 grams, sugar 21 grams, banana 92.5 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 108.5 grams, sugar 28 grams, baked potato 165 grams, apple sauce 114 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 63 grams, sugar 28 grams, succotash 75 grams, mashed potato 200 grams, chocolate layer cake 80 grams, ice cream 73 grams, coffee and milk 210 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 50 + 108.5 + 63 = | 221.5 | × | 1.75 | = | 3.87 | grams. |
| Sugar | 21 + 28 + 28 = | 77.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.00 | |
| Banana | 92.5 | × | 0.002 | = | 0.19 | ||
| Coffee (breakfast) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.23 | ||
| Baked potato | 165.0 | × | 0.41 | = | 0.68 | ||
| Apple sauce | 114.0 | × | 0.029 | = | 0.03 | ||
| Coffee (lunch) | 210.0 | × | 0.10 | = | 0.21 | ||
| Succotash | 75.0 | × | 0.57 | = | 0.43 | ||
| Mashed potato | 200.0 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.74 | ||
| Chocolate cake | 80.0 | × | 0.75 | = | 0.60 | ||
| Ice cream | 73.0 | × | 0.58 | = | 0.42 | ||
| Coffee (dinner) | 210.0 | × | 0.11 | = | 0.23 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.63 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.99 | ||||||
Fuel value of the food 2065 calories.
NITROGEN BALANCE.—Mendel.
| Nitrogen Taken in. | Output. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen in Urine. | Weight of Fæces (dry). | |||||||||
| Feb. | 9 | 7.63 | grams. | 7.52 | grams. | |||||
| 10 | 6.77 | 6.75 | ||||||||
| 11 | 8.62 | 6.71 | ||||||||
| 12 | 8.83 | 8.24 | 53 ⎫ | contain 5.84% N | = | 6.248 | grm. N. | |||
| 13 | 7.31 | 7.83 | 54 ⎭ | |||||||
| 14 | 7.63 | 7.99 | 39.2 | contain 6.72% N | = | 2.634 | ||||
| 146.2 | 8.882 | grm. N. | ||||||||
| 46.79 | 45.04 | + | 8.882 | grams nitrogen. | ||||||
| 46.79 | grams nitrogen. | 53.92 | grams nitrogen. | |||||||
| Nitrogen balance for six days | = | -7.13 | grams. |
| Nitrogen balance per day | = | -1.19 | grams. |
Average Intake.
| Calories per day | 1975. |
| Nitrogen per day | 7.83 grams. |
In this balance period of six days the average daily intake of nitrogen was 7.83 grams, coupled with an average fuel value of the food per day of 1975 calories. This latter value was obviously too small for a man of Dr. Mendel’s body-weight, and doing the amount of physical work he was called upon to perform. Being on one’s feet in a laboratory six to eight hours a day, in addition to the ordinary activity of a vigorous man leading a strenuous life, necessitates the utilization and oxidation of considerable food material. The average daily output of nitrogen through the urine amounted to 7.50 grams, considerably above the average daily excretion for the seven months’ period. Still, under these conditions there was a minus balance of 7.13 grams of nitrogen for the six days’ period, indicating that the body was drawing upon its stock of proteid material to the extent of 1.19 grams of nitrogen per day. This does not necessarily mean that the body had need of that additional amount of proteid matter each day, but rather that the amount of total energy required was beyond the potential energy supplied by the food. There not being sufficient non-nitrogenous food at hand, the body was compelled to draw upon its own resources, and in so doing utilized some of its tissue proteid. This is made quite clear by the results of the second balance period shortly to be described.
It is evident, however, that while the body was not in nitrogen equilibrium for this particular period of six days, there must have been a general condition of both body and nitrogen equilibrium, otherwise the body-weight would not have remained practically stationary for so long a period as from February 7 to June 20.
Commencing May 18, a second nitrogen balance was attempted, in which, as in the preceding case, there was a careful comparison of income and output for seven days. There was as before a free choice of food, but it was essentially vegetable in character. A greater variety of foods was taken, however, and an effort was made to have the non-nitrogenous food somewhat more liberal in amount, though in as close harmony as possible with the desires of the appetite.