No. V
The following is the Imperial Manifesto referred to in the preceding article, as it appears in the Berlin State Gazette, under the head of Warsaw, March 25th, 1832.
‘By the grace of God, Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, etc. When, by our Manifesto of Jan. 2, last year, we announced to our faithful subjects the march of our troops into the kingdom of Poland, which was momentarily snatched from the lawful authority, we at the same time informed them of our intention to fix the future fate of this country on a durable basis, suited to its wants, and calculated to promote the welfare of our whole empire. Now that an end has been put by force of arms to the rebellion in Poland, and that the nation, led away by agitators, has returned to its duty, and is restored to tranquillity, we deem it right to carry into execution our plan with regard to the introduction of the new order of things, whereby the tranquillity and union of the two nations, which Providence has entrusted to our care, may be forever guarded against new attempts. Poland, conquered in the year 1815 by the victorious arms of Russia, obtained by the magnanimity of our illustrious predecessor, the Emperor Alexander, not only its national existence, but also special laws sanctioned by a Constitutional Charter. These favors, however, would not satisfy the eternal enemies of order and lawful power. Obstinately persevering in their culpable projects, they ceased not one moment to dream of a separation between the two nations subject to our sceptre, and in their presumption they dared to abuse the favors of the restorer of their country, by employing for the destruction of his noble work the very laws and liberties which his mighty arm had generously granted them. Bloodshed was the consequence of this crime. The tranquillity and happiness which the kingdom of Poland had enjoyed to a degree till then unknown, vanished in the midst of civil war and a general devastation. All these evils are now passed. The kingdom of Poland, again subject to our sceptre, will regain tranquillity, and again flourish in the bosom of peace, restored to it under the auspices of a vigilant government. Hence we consider it one of our most sacred duties to watch with paternal care over the welfare of our faithful subjects, and to use every means in our power to prevent the recurrence of similar catastrophes, by taking from the ill-disposed the power of disturbing public tranquillity. As it is, moreover, our wish to secure to the inhabitants of Poland the continuance of all the essential requisites for the happiness of individuals, and of the country in general, namely, security of persons and property, liberty of conscience, and all the laws and privileges of towns and communes, so that the kingdom of Poland, with a separate administration adapted to its wants, may not cease to form an integral part of our empire, and that the inhabitants of this country may henceforward constitute a nation united with the Russians by sympathy and fraternal sentiments, we have, according to these principles, ordained and resolved this day, by a new organic statute, to introduce a new form and order in the administration of our kingdom of Poland.
‘St Petersburgh, February 26, 1832.
‘NICHOLAS.
‘The Secretary of State, Count Stephen Grabowski.’
After this Manifesto, the organic statutes of Poland are given, the principal of which are as follows:
‘By the grace of God, we, Nicholas I, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, King of Poland, &c., &c.
‘In our constant solicitude for the happiness of the nations which Providence has confided to our government, we are occupied in fixing the basis for the future organization of the kingdom of Poland, having regard to the true interests and positions of the country, and to the local wants and manners of the inhabitants.
‘GENERAL DISPOSITIONS.
‘Art. 1. The kingdom of Poland is forever to be re-united to the Russian empire, and form an inseparable part of that empire. It shall have a particular administration conformably to its local necessities, as well as a civil and military code. The statutes and the laws of cities and towns remain in full vigor.
‘Art. 2. The Crown of the kingdom of Poland is hereditary in our person and in our heirs and successors, agreeably to the order of succession to the throne prescribed by all the Russias.
‘Art. 3. The Coronation of the Emperors of all the Russias and Kings of Poland shall be one and the same ceremonial, which shall take place at Moscow, in the presence of a deputation from the kingdom of Poland, which shall assist at that solemnity with the deputies from the other parts of the empire.
‘Art. 4. In the possible event of a regency in Russia, the power of the regent or regentess of the empire will extend over the kingdom of Poland.
‘Art. 5. The freedom of worship is guarantied; every one is at liberty to exercise his religion openly, under the protection of Government; and the difference of Christian faiths shall never prove a pretext for the violation of the rights and privileges which are allowed to all the inhabitants. The Roman Catholic religion, being that of the majority of our Polish subjects, shall be the object of especial protection of the Government.
‘Art. 6. The funds which the Roman Catholic clergy possess, and those of the Greek church united, shall be considered as the common and inviolable property of the hierarchy of each of those creeds.
‘Art. 7. The protection of the laws is assured to all the inhabitants without distinction of rank or class. Each shall be empowered to assume dignities or to exercise public functions, according to his personal merits or talents.
‘Art. 8. Individual liberty is guarantied and protected by the existing laws. No one shall be deprived of his liberty, or called to justice, if he be not a transgressor of the law in all the forms prescribed. Every one detained shall be apprised of the motive of arrest.
‘Art. 9. Each person arrested must submit to a delay of three days to be heard and judged of, according to the forms of law, before competent tribunals: if he be found innocent, he will instantly obtain his liberty. He will be equally restored to liberty who shall furnish a sufficient surety.
‘Art. 10. The form of judicial inquests directed against the superior functionaries of the kingdom, and against persons accused of high treason, shall be determined by a particular law, the foundation of which shall be accordant with the other laws of our empire.
‘Art. 11. The right of property of individuals, and of corporations, is declared sacred and inviolable, inasmuch as it will be conformable to the existing laws. All the subjects of the kingdom of Poland are perfectly free to quit the country, and to carry away their goods, provided they conform to the regulations published to that effect.
‘Art. 12. The penalty of confiscation shall not be enforced but against state crimes of the first class, as may be hereafter determined by particular laws.
‘Art. 13. Publication of sentiments, by means of the press, shall be subjected to restrictions which will protect religion, the inviolability of superior authority, the interests of morals, and personal considerations. Particular regulations, to this effect, will be published according to the principles which serve as a basis to this object in the other parts of our empire.
‘Art. 14. The kingdom of Poland shall proportionably contribute to the general expenditure and to the wants of the empire. The proportion of taxes will be stated hereafter.
‘Art. 15. All contributions and all taxes which existed in November, 1830, shall be levied after the manner formerly settled till the new fixing of taxes.
‘Art. 16. The treasury of the kingdom of Poland, and all the other branches of the administration, shall be separated from the administration of the other parts of the kingdom.
‘Art. 17. The public debt of Poland, acknowledged by us, shall be guarantied as formerly, by the government, and indemnified by the receipts of the kingdom.
‘Art. 18. The bank of the kingdom of Poland, and the laws respecting credit, shall continue under the protection of Government.
‘Art. 19. The mode of commercial transactions between the Russian empire and the kingdom of Poland shall be regulated according to the respective interests of the two countries.
‘Art. 20. Our army in the empire and in the kingdom shall compose one in common, without distinction of Russian or Polish troops. We shall reserve to ourselves a future decision of this, by an especial law, by what arrangement, and upon what basis, the kingdom of Poland shall participate with our army. The number of troops which shall serve as the military defence of the kingdom will be also ultimately determined upon by a law.
‘Art. 21. Those of our subjects of the empire of Russia, who are established in the kingdom of Poland, who possess or shall possess, real property in that country, shall enjoy all the rights of natives. It shall be the same with those of our subjects of the kingdom of Poland, who shall establish themselves, and shall possess property, in the other provinces of the empire. We reserve to ourselves to grant hereafter letters of naturalization to other persons, as well to strangers as to Russians, who are not yet established there. Those of our subjects of the Russian empire who may reside for a certain time in Poland, and those of our subjects of the kingdom of Poland who may sojourn in the other parts of the empire, are subject to the laws of the country where they reside.
‘Art. 22. The superior administration of the kingdom of Poland is confided to a council of administration, which shall govern the kingdom in our name, under the presidency of the governor of the kingdom.
‘Art. 23. The council of administration is composed of the governor of the kingdom, of superior directors, who superintend the commissions, and among whom are divided the interests of the administration, of comptroller, presiding over the supreme Chamber of Finance, and of other members, whom we shall appoint by special orders.’
List of Polish Names
With their Pronunciation in English.
POLISH ALPHABET.
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q
ah bey tsey dey ey ef ghey hah ye ee kah el em en o pey koo
r s t u w x y z.
err es tey oo voo ix ee zed.
Note. In every Polish name, or word, the letters are all sounded and pronounced, as their names indicate.
Names as spelled in Their pronunciation. Polish.
| A | |
| Adamski | Ahdamsky |
| Augustow | Owgoostov |
| Alexota | Ahlexotah |
| B | |
| Bestuzew | Bestoozhev |
| Boleslaw-Chrobry | Boleslav-Khrobry |
| Biala-Cerkiew | Beahlah-Tseyrkyev |
| Bilinski | Belinsky |
| Biernacki | Byernatsky |
| Bialystok | Beahlistok |
| Brzesc | Brzhests |
| Boimie | Boimea |
| Boguslawski | Bogooslavsky |
| Bialolenka | Beahlolenkah |
| Bug | Boog |
| Bielak | Bieylak |
| Berowski | Beyrovsky |
| Blendowsky | Blendovsky |
| Bystrzyca | Bistrzhitsa |
| Berzykowski | Berzhyhkovsky |
| Beysogola | Beysogolah |
| Bialowiez | Beahlovyezh |
| Belzyca | Belzheetsah |
| Borowa | Borovah |
| Beresteczko | Beyrestechko |
| Bady | Bahdy |
| Brainsk | Brainsk |
| Bielsk | Byelsk |
| Bukowski | Bookovsky |
| Bialobrzegi | Byahlobrzheygy |
| Bocki | Botsky |
| Blonie | Blony |
| C | |
| Chlopicki | Khlopitsky |
| Chodkiewicz | Khodkyavitch |
| Czarnecki | Tcharnetsky |
| Czartoryski | Tchartorisky |
| Ciechanowiec | Tsyakhanovyets |
| Czyzewski | Tcheejevski |
| Czaykowski | Tshahovski |
| Czarno-morskie | Tcharna-morskyey |
| Chlapowski | Khlaposvky |
| Ceglow | Tseyglov |
| Chrzanowski | Khrzhahnovsky |
| Czyzew | Tcheejev |
| Czaykiszki | Tchaikishki |
| Czenstochowa | Tchenstokhovah |
| Cytowiany | Tsetoviahny |
| Czarna | Tcharnah |
| Ciechanow | Tsyeykhhanov |
| Chodzko | Khodzko |
| D | |
| Dembek | Dembek |
| Downarowicz | Dovnarovich |
| Dombrowski | Dombrovsky |
| Diebitsch | Deebich |
| Dwernicki | Dvernitsky |
| Dobre | Dobrey |
| Dembe-Wielkie | Dembey-Vielkye |
| Dnieper | Dneeper |
| Dembinski | Dembinsky |
| Dawgeliszki | Davgalishky |
| Dubno | Doobno |
| Dlugie-Siodlo | Dloogya-Syodlo |
| Dobzyn | Dobzhin. |
| G | |
| Grabowski | Grahbovsky |
| Grodno | Grodno |
| Grochow | Grokhov |
| Granica | Grahnitsah |
| Goclaw | Gotslav |
| Gotembiewski | Gotembyevsky |
| Gielgud | Gyelgood |
| Grombkow | Grombkov |
| Gruszki | Grooshky |
| Galiczyn | Gahlichyn |
| Graiewo | Grahyeyvo |
| Gielgudyszki | Gyelgoodishky |
| Gury-Konarskie | Goory-Konarskya |
| Gorzdy | Gorsdy |
| Giedroyc | Gyedroits |
| H | |
| Hauke | Houka |
| Hildebrand | Hildeybrand |
| Hurtig | Hoortig |
| J | |
| Jablonowski | Yablonovsky |
| Jgelstrom | Eegelstrom |
| Jurgaszko | Yoorgashko |
| Jezierski | Yazhyersky |
| Jadow | Yahdov |
| Jablonna | Yablonnah |
| Jakubow | Yahkoobov |
| Januwek | Yahnoovek |
| Jankowski | Yankovsky |
| Jendrzeiow | Yendrzhagov |
| Jarburg | Yarboorg |
| Jagiellow | Yahgyellov |
| Jedlina | Yedlenah |
| Janow | Yahnov |
| Jeroma | Yaroma |
| K | |
| Kosciuszko | Kostchioushko |
| Krzyzanowski | Krzhezhanovsky |
| Kichelbeker | Keekhelbaker |
| Kachowski | Kakhovsky |
| Krasinski | Krahsinsky |
| Kornatowski | Kornahtovsky |
| Kozienice | Kozhyanetsey |
| Krukowiecki | Krookovyetsky |
| Kock | Kotsk |
| Kaluszyn | Kahlooshyn |
| Kostrzyn | Kostrzhyn |
| Konik | Konyik |
| Kawenczyn | Kahvenchyn |
| Kicki | Keetsky |
| Krasny-taw | Krasneestav |
| Kozieradzki | Kozhyaradzky |
| Karczew | Karchev |
| Kurow | Koorov |
| Konskawola | Konskahvolah |
| Keydany | Kaydahny |
| Kowno | Kovno |
| Kazimierz | Kahzheemyerzh |
| Kolodno | Kolodno |
| Krzemieniece | Krzheymyeynyets |
| Knielce | Knyeltsa |
| Kuflew | Kooflev |
| Kolacze | Kolachey |
| Kamionka | Kahmyonkah |
| Kleczkowo | Klechkovo |
| Kaminski | Kaminsky |
| Koss | Koss |
| Kalwaryia | Kalvahreya |
| Karwowska | Kavovskah |
| Kurzany | Koorzhahny |
| Kikiernicki | Kekyornitsky |
| Kniaziewicz | Knyahzyavich |
| L | |
| Lubowidzki | Looboveedzky |
| Lazienki | Lahzhyenky |
| Lelewel | Leyleyvel |
| Lubecki | Loobetsky |
| Lubinski | Loobinsky |
| Lowicz | Lovich |
| Lubomirska | Loobomeerskah |
| Lenczna | Lenchnah |
| Lukow | Lookov |
| Lublin | Looblin |
| Liwiec | Levyets |
| Leduchowski | Leydookhovsky |
| Lagowski | Lahgovsky |
| Lewandowski | Leyvandovsky |
| Latowicz | Lahtovich |
| Lipawa | Lepahvah |
| Lukowiec | Lookovyets |
| Lomza | Lomzah |
| Lubartow | Loobartov |
| Lubania | Loobahnyah |
| Lipinska | Lepinskah |
| Lida | Ledah |
| Lysobyki | Lysobyky |
| Laskarzew | Laskarzhev |
| Laga | Lahgah |
| Luberacz | Loobeyrach |
| M | |
| Murawiew | Mooravyev |
| Mieciszewski | Myatsishevsky |
| Mokotow | Mokotov |
| Miendzyrzyc | Myenjeerzhyts |
| Makowiec | Mahkovyets |
| Minsk | Minsk |
| Macieiowice | Matsyaovcetsa |
| Mingosy | Mingosy |
| Milosna | Melosna |
| Makow | Mahkov |
| Malachowski | Mahlahkhovsky |
| Maslowski | Maslovsky |
| Markuszew | Markushev |
| Magnuszewo | Magnooshavo |
| Memel | Mamel |
| Mycielski | Meetsyelsky |
| Modlin | Modlin |
| Milatyn | Meelahtyn |
| Mordy | Mordy |
| Modzele | Modzala |
| Mniszew | Mneshev |
| Menzynin | Menzhenin |
| Malinowski | Mahlenovsky |
| Mlawa | Mlahvah |
| Matusiewicz | Mahtoosyavich |
| Myszogola | Meshogolah |
| Michalowski | Mekhahlovsky |
| Maluszyn | Mahlooshyn |
| Morawski | Moravsky |
| N | |
| Niemcewicz | Nyemtseyvich |
| Nasielsk | Nahsyelsk |
| Narew | Nahrev |
| Nowawies | Novah-vies |
| Nowy-dwor | Novy-dvor |
| Niewiaza | Nyavyahzhah |
| Narewska | Nahrevkah |
| Nurzec | Noorzhets |
| Neydenburg | Nidenboorg |
| Nowe-miasto | Nova-myasto |
| Nadarzyn | Nahdarzhyn |
| O | |
| Ostrowski | Ostrovsky |
| Ostrolenka | Ostrolenkah |
| Orsyca | Orseetsah |
| Okuniew | Okoonyev |
| Osmiany | Osmyahny |
| Ostrog | Ostrog |
| Orla | Orlah |
| Oyrany | Oyrahny |
| P | |
| Plichta | Plikhtah |
| Pestel | Pestel |
| Potocki | Pototsky |
| Poniatowski | Ponyahtovsky |
| Powonzki | Povonsky |
| Pac | Pats |
| Pultusk | Pooltoosk |
| Parczewo | Parchavo |
| Praga | Prahgah |
| Pientka | Pyentkah |
| Paszkiewicz | Pashkyavich |
| Pulawy | Poolahoy |
| Polonga | Polongah |
| Prondzynski | Proodzynsky |
| Piast | Pyast |
| Plomieniec | Plomyanyets |
| Proskirow | Proskerov |
| Piaski | Pyasky |
| Poznan | Pornan |
| Prasynsz | Prasnysh |
| Plater | Plahter |
| Podbrzeze | Podbrzhazha |
| Piwecki | Pevetsky |
| Pawenduny | Pahvendoony |
| Piaseczno | Pyasechno |
| R | |
| Rozniecki | Rozhnyetsky |
| Releiew | Reyleyiev |
| Rukiewicz | Rookyavich |
| Ruda | Roodah |
| Ryczywol | Reecheevol |
| Radom | Rahdom |
| Radomierza | Rahdomyerzhah |
| Radzimin | Rahjeemin |
| Rybinski | Reebinsky |
| Rozany | Rozhahny |
| Rosseyny | Rosseyny |
| Radziwil | Rahjecvel |
| Radziwilow | Rahjeevelov |
| Raygrod | Raigrod |
| Rumszyski | Roomshysky |
| Rewdany | Revdahny |
| Rasinowicz | Rahsenovich |
| Retow | Retov |
| Racioncz | Rahtsyonzh |
| Ruzycki | Roozhytsky |
| S | |
| Sokolnicki | Sokolnitsky |
| Soltyk | Soltyk |
| Szlegel | Shleygel |
| Suwarow | Soovahrov |
| Sobieski | Sobyesky |
| Sapieha | Sahpyahah |
| Szulec | Shoolets |
| Siemiontkowski | Syamyontkovsky |
| Skrzynecki | Skrzhynetsky |
| Szembek | Shembek |
| Sierawski | Syeyravsky |
| Siedlce | Syedltsa |
| Serock | Seyrotsk |
| Stryinski | Stryinsky |
| Seroczyn | Serochyn |
| Sokolow | Sokolov |
| Stoczek | Stochek |
| Swider | Sveder |
| Stanislawow | Stahneslahvov |
| Swierza | Svyerzhah |
| Szachowski | Shakhovsky |
| Skarzynski | Skarkhynsky |
| Siekierki | Syakerky |
| Sznayder | Shnider |
| Szuszerin | Shoosherin |
| Siennica | Syenneetsah |
| Szymanski | Shymansky |
| Szawla | Shavlah |
| Swienciany | Svyentsyahny |
| Szerwinty | Shervinty |
| Sucha | Sookhah |
| Styr | Styr |
| Stary-Konstantynow | Stahry-Konstantenov |
| Starygrod | Stahregrod |
| Stoiadly | Stoyadly |
| Strzebucza | Strzhaboocha |
| Suraz | Sooraz |
| Sierakowski | Syeyrahkovsky |
| Szymanowski | Shemahnovsky |
| Szczuczyn | Shchoochyn |
| Suwalki | Soovalky |
| Swieta | Svieytah |
| Salacki | Sahlatsky |
| Slupecki | Sloopeytsky |
| Sloboda | Slobodah |
| Sonk | Sonk |
| Siemiatycze | Syamyahtecha |
| T | |
| Tarnowski | Tarnovsky |
| Trembicki | Trembitski |
| Turno | Toorno |
| Targowek | Targovek |
| Troki | Troky |
| Tarnopol | Tarnopol |
| Tarnogura | Tarnogoorah |
| Troszyn | Troshyn |
| Tykocin | Tykotsin |
| U | |
| Uminski | Oominski |
| Uscilug | Oostseloog |
| Uchania | Ookhanyah |
| W | |
| Wigielin | Vegyalen |
| Wielkaniee | Vyelkahneetsa |
| Wiliaminow | Velyahmeenov |
| Wyzechowski | Vezhakhovsky |
| Wysocki | Vesotsky |
| Wengrzecki | Vengrzhetsky |
| Wonsowicz | Vonsovich |
| Wolicki | Volitsky |
| Wlodawa | Vlodahvah |
| Wielezynski | Vealazhynsky |
| Wengrow | Vengrov |
| Wawr | Vavr |
| Wkra | Vkrah |
| Wilanow | Velahnov |
| Wodynie | Vodenya |
| Wieprz | Vyeyprzh |
| Wilno | Vilno |
| Wilkomierz | Vilkomyerzh |
| Wereszczaki | Vareshchahky |
| Wielkie | Vyelkya |
| Wyszkow | Vyshkov |
| Wroclaw | Vrotslav |
| Wiliia | Veleyah |
| Worna | Vornah |
| Wierzbna | Vyerzhbnah |
| Z | |
| Zamoyski | Zahmoisky |
| Zymirski | Zymeersky |
| Zegrz | Zeygrzh |
| Zlotoria | Zlotoryah |
| Zelechow | Zheyleykhov |
| Ziemiecki | Zyeymyeytsky |
| Zombky | Zombky |
| Zagroby | Zahgroby |
| Zaluski | Zahloosky |
| Zoliborz | Zoleborzh |
| Zimna-woda | Zimna-vodah |
| Zamosc | Zahmosts |
| Zambrowo | Zambrovo |
| Zeymy | Zaymy |
| Zawadzka | Zahvadzkah |
| Zaliwski | Zahlivsky |
| Zabiello | Zabyello |
Notes
85 Not having a copy of this address in the original, we make use of a rather unsatisfactory translation, which we find in the journals of the day.