| Liability | Civil | Remedial. |
| Criminal | Penal. |
| Remedial liability: |
| Specific enforcement the general rule. |
| Exceptions: |
| | 1. Non-actionable wrongs. |
| | 2. Transitory wrongs. |
| | 3. Continuing wrongs in which sanctional enforcement is more expedient than specific. |
| Penal liability | Its conditions. |
| Its incidence. |
| Its measure. |
| Conditions of penal liability | Material—Actus. |
| Formal—Mens rea. |
| The nature of an act: |
| 1. Positive and negative acts. |
| 2. Internal and external acts. |
| 3. Intentional and unintentional acts. |
| The circumstances and consequences of acts. |
| The relation between injuria and damnum. |
| 1. All wrongs are mischievous acts. |
| Wrongs | In which proof of damage is required. |
| In which such proof is not required. |
| 2. All mischievous acts are not wrongs. |
| Damnum sine injuria. |
| | (a) Loss of individual a gain to society at large. |
| | (b) Legal remedy inexpedient. |
| The place and time of an act. |
| The formal condition of penal liability. |
| Mens rea | Intention. |
| Negligence. |
| Wrongs | 1. Of Intention. |
| 2. Of Negligence. |
| 3. Of Absolute Liability (exceptions to the requirement of mens rea). |