Table of Contents
| BOOK I. QUADRUPEDS, OR FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. POPULAR AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE ANIMALS DESCRIBED. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⁂ Where no synonyme is given, the Linnæan name is the only one in use; and when the synonymes are seldom used, they are marked thus *. When no Linnæan name is given, the animal was not described by Linnæus. | |||
| Section I.—CARNIVOROUS, OR FLESH-EATING ANIMALS. | |||
| English Name | Linnæan Name | Synonymes | Page |
| Lion | Felis Leo | *Leo vulgaris.—Leach | 1 |
| Lioness | Ibid. | 7 | |
| Tiger | Felis Tigris | 9 | |
| Leopard | Felis Leopardus | 12 | |
| Panther | Felis Pardus | 13 | |
| Ounce | Felis Uncia.—Schreb. | 14 | |
| Ocelot | Felis Pardalis | 14 | |
| Hunting Leopard, or Cheetah | Felis jubata | Cynailurus jubatus.—Wag. | 15 |
| Jaguar | Felis Onca | 16 | |
| Puma | Felis concolor | Felis Puma.—Trail *Leo Americanus.—Her. *Puma concolor.—Jard. | 18 |
| Common Lynx | Felis Lynx | *Lyncus vulgaris.—Gray | 19 |
| Canadian Lynx | Felis Canadensis.—Geoff. *Lyncus Canadensis.—Gray | 19 | |
| Caracal | Felis Caracal.—Schreb. | 20 | |
| Domestic Cat | Felis domestica | 20 | |
| Wild Cat | Felis Catus | 22 | |
| Dogs | Canis familiaris and var. | 23 | |
| Shepherd’s Dog | 23 | ||
| Bloodhound | 25 | ||
| Foxhound | 27 | ||
| Pointer | 28 | ||
| Mastiff | 29 | ||
| Bulldog | 30 | ||
| Terrier | 31 | ||
| Spaniel | 32 | ||
| Water Spaniel | 33 | ||
| Newfoundland Dog | 34 | ||
| Greyhound | 36 | ||
| Fox | Canis Vulpes | Vulpes vulgaris.—Briss. | 37 |
| Arctic Fox | Canis lagopus | Vulpes lagopus | 39 |
| Wolf | Canis Lupus | *Lupus vulgaris | 40 |
| Jackal | Canis aureus | 42 | |
| Striped Hyæna | Canis Hyæna | Hyæna striata.—Zimm. | 43 |
| Spotted Hyæna | Hyæna Crocuta | 44 | |
| Black Bear | Ursus Americanus | 45 | |
| Grisly Bear | Ursus ferox | 46 | |
| Brown Bear | Ursus Arctos | 46 | |
| Malayan Sun Bear | Ursus Malayanus | 48 | |
| Polar Bear | Ursus maritimus.—Gmel. | 50 | |
| Racoon | Ursus Lotor | Procyon Lotor.—Cuv. | 51 |
| Badger | Ursus Meles | Meles Taxus.—Blum. | 53 |
| Coati-Mondi | Viverra Nasua | Nasua narica.—F. Cuv. | 53 |
| Civet | Viverra Civetta.—Schreb. | 54 | |
| Genet | Viverra Genetta | Genetta vulgaris.—Cuv. | 55 |
| Oriental Civet | Viverra Zibetha | 56 | |
| Ichneumon, or Egyptian Mangouste | Viverra Ichneumon | Herpestes Ichneumon | 56 |
| Weasel | Mustela vulgaris | 58 | |
| Ferret | Mustela furo | *Viverra furo.—Shaw | 60 |
| Polecat | Mustela putorius | Putorius vulgaris.—Cuv. | 61 |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | 62 | |
| Skunk | Mustela or Mephitis Americana | 63 | |
| Sable | Mustela or Martes Zibellina | 64 | |
| Marten | Mustela Martes | Martes foina.—Gray | 65 |
| Otter | Mustela Lutra | Lutra vulgaris.—Erxl. | 66 |
| Sea Otter | Mustela Lutris | Enhydra Lutris.—Gray | 68 |
| Seal | Phoca vitulina | *Phoca variegata.—Niel. Calocephalus vitulinus.—Cuv. | 69 |
| Walrus | Trichechus Rosmarus | 72 | |
| Section II.—INSECT-EATING ANIMALS. | |||
| Hedgehog | Erinaceus Europæus | 74 | |
| Mole | Talpa Europæa | Talpa vulgaris.—Briss. | 76 |
| Shrew | Sorex araneus | 78 | |
| Water Shrew | Sorex fodiens | 79 | |
| Section III.—CHEIROPTEROUS ANIMALS. | |||
| Bat | Vespertilio noctula | 80 | |
| Pipistrelle | Vespertilio Pipistrellus | 81 | |
| Long-eared Bat | Vespertilio auritus | Plecotus auritus.—Gray | 81 |
| Vampyre Bat | Vespertilio spectrum | Phyllostoma spectrum.—Geoff. | 82 |
| Kalong Bat | Pteropus edulis.—Péron. | 83 | |
| Section IV.—MARSUPIALIA, OR POUCH-BEARING ANIMALS. | |||
| Kangaroo | Macropus giganteus.—Shaw and Cuv. *Halmaturus.—Illig. and *Kangurus.—Desm. | 84 | |
| Opossum | Didelphis Virginiana | 86 | |
| Phalanger | Phalangista vulpina.—Desm. | 87 | |
| Section V.—RODENTIA, OR GNAWING ANIMALS. | |||
| Beaver | Castor Fiber | 88 | |
| Musk Rat | Fiber zibethicus.—Des. Ondatra zibethica.—Lacep. | 90 | |
| Hare | Lepus timidus | 91 | |
| Rabbit (Wild) | Lepus cuniculus | 93 | |
| Rabbit (Domestic) | 94 | ||
| Squirrel | Sciurus vulgaris | 95 | |
| Dormouse | Mus avellanarius | Myoxus muscardinus.—Schreb. | 96 |
| Marmot, or Alpine Rat | Mus marmotta | Arctomys Marmotta.—Gmel. | 97 |
| Guinea-pig | Mus porcellus | Cavia cobaya.—Pall. Cavia aperea.—Erxl. Hydrochœrus aperea.—F. Cuv. | 98 |
| Mouse | Mus musculus | 99 | |
| Rat | Mus decumanus | 100 | |
| Water Rat | Mus amphibius | Mus aquaticus.—Briss. *Lemmus aquaticus.—F. Cuv.—Arvicola amphibia.—Desm. and Jenyns. Arvicola aquatica.—Flem. | 102 |
| Lemming | Mus Lemmus | Myodes Lemmus.—Pall. | 103 |
| Jerboa | Dipus Jerboa.—Gmel. Mus sagitta.—Pall. | 104 | |
| Chinchilla | Chinchilla lanigera | 105 | |
| Porcupine | Hystrix cristata | 106 | |
| Couendou | Hystrix prehensilis | Synetheres prehensilis.—Cuv. | 106 |
| Section VI.—EDENTATA, OR TOOTHLESS ANIMALS. | |||
| Sloth | Bradypus tridactylus | 107 | |
| Armadillo | Dasypus sexcinctus | 109 | |
| Ant-eater | Myrmecophaga jubata | 110 | |
| Duck-billed Platypus | Ornithorhynchus paradoxus.—Blum. Platypus anatinus.—Shaw. | 111 | |
| Section VII.—PACHYDERMATA, OR THICK-SKINNED ANIMALS. | |||
| Elephant | Elephas Indicus | 113 | |
| Hippopotamus, or River Horse | Hippopotamus amphibius | 116 | |
| Rhinoceros | Rhinoceros unicornis | 117 | |
| Hog (Domestic) | Sus scrofa | 118 | |
| Wild Boar | Sus scrofa | Sus aper.—Briss. | 120 |
| Babiroussa | Sus Babyrussa | Babirussa Alfurus.—Less. | 122 |
| Peccary | Dicotyles labiatus.—Cuv. | 122 | |
| Tapir | Tapirus Americanus.—Schreb. | 123 | |
| Horse | Equus caballus | 124 | |
| Ass | Equus Asinus | Asinus vulgaris.—Gray | 127 |
| Mule | 130 | ||
| Kiang | Equus Hemionus.—Pall. | 131 | |
| Zebra | Equus Zebra | 132 | |
| Section VIII.—RUMINATING ANIMALS. | |||
| Bull | Bos Taurus, var. domesticus | 134 | |
| Cow | 136 | ||
| Wild Bull | Bos Taurus, var. Scoticus | 137 | |
| Buffalo | Bos Bubalus | Bubalus Caffer | 139 |
| Bison | Bos Bonasus | Bison Bonasus | 141 |
| Brahmin Bull, or Zebu | Bos Taurus, var. Indicus | 143 | |
| Sheep | Ovis Aries | *Capra ovis.—Blum. | 144 |
| Ram | 146 | ||
| Wallachian Ram | 146 | ||
| Argali, or Wild Sheep of Asia | Ovis Ammon | 147 | |
| Goat | Capra Hircus | 147 | |
| Ibex, or Boquetin | Capra Ibex | 148 | |
| Antelope | Capra Cervicapra | Antilope Cervicapra.—Pall. | 149 |
| Gazelle | Capra Dorcas | Antilope Dorcas—Pall. | 150 |
| Chamois | Capra rupicapra | Antilope rupicapra.—Pall. | 151 |
| Nyl Ghau | Antilope picta.—Pall. | 152 | |
| Gnu | Antilope Gnu.—Gmel. | 154 | |
| Stag | Cervus Elaphus | 155 | |
| Wapiti | Cervus Canadensis.—Gmel. *Cervus strongyloceros.—Schres. | 157 | |
| Roebuck | Cervus capreolus | 158 | |
| Fallow Deer | Cervus Dama | 159 | |
| Elk | Cervus Alces | 160 | |
| Reindeer | Cervus Tarandus | *Cervus Rangifer.—Ray. Rangifer Tarandus | 161 |
| Axis | Cervus axis | 163 | |
| Musk Deer | Moschus Moschiferus | 163 | |
| Giraffe | Cervus Camelopardalis | Camelopardalis Giraffa.—Gmel. | 164 |
| Camel | Camelus Bactrianus | 168 | |
| Dromedary | Camelus Dromedarius | 170 | |
| Llama | Camelus glama | Auchenia glama.—Illig. | 172 |
| Section IX.—QUADRUMANA, OR FOUR-HANDED ANIMALS. | |||
| Ourang Outan | Simia satyrus | 173 | |
| Chimpanzee | Troglodytes niger.—Geoff. | 174 | |
| Gorilla | Troglodytes Gorilla | 176 | |
| Barbary Ape | Simia inuus | Inuus sylvanus.—Cuv. | 177 |
| Baboon | Cynocephalus porcarius.—Desm. and Cuv. | 174 | |
| Proboscis Monkey | Nasalis larvatus.—Geoff. | 180 | |
| Diana Monkey | Simia Diana | Cercopithecus Diana.—Geoff. | 180 |
| Capuchin Monkey | Simia Capucina | Cebus capucinus.—Des. | 182 |
| Spider Monkey | Simia Paniscus | Ateles Paniscus.—Geoff. | 182 |
| Ouistit or Marmozet | Simia Jacchus | Jacchus vulgaris.—Geoff. | 183 |
| Marikina | Simia Rosalia | Jacchus Rosalia | 183 |
| Lemur | Lemur Macaco | 184 | |
| Mongoos | Lemur albifrons.—Geoff. | 184 | |
| BOOK II. INHABITANTS OF THE AIR. | |||
| Section I.—Raptores.—DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. | |||
| Golden Eagle | Falco chrysaëtos | Aquila chrysaëtos | 185 |
| Sea Eagle | Falco albicilla | Haliæetus albicilla.—Sav. | 188 |
| Bald Eagle | Falco leucocephalus | Haliæetus leucocephalus.—Sav. | 189 |
| Osprey or Fishing Hawk | Falco haliaëtus | Pandion haliaëtus.—Cuv. | 191 |
| Black Eagle | Falco melanaëtos | 194 | |
| Vulture | Vultur Papa | Sarcorhampus Papa.—Dum. | 195 |
| Condor | Vultur Gryphus | Sarcorhampus Gryphus.—Dum. | 196 |
| Buzzard | Falco Buteo | Buteo vulgaris.—Bech. | 197 |
| Honey Buzzard | Falco apivorus | Pernis apivorus.—Cuv. | 199 |
| Goshawk | Falco palumbarius | Astur palumbarius.—Bech. | 200 |
| Sparrow-hawk | Falco Nisus | Accipiter Nisus.—Pall. Nisus communis—Cuv. | 202 |
| Kite | Falco Milvus | Milvus regalis.—Cuv. | 203 |
| Jer Falcon | Falco Gyrfalco | Falco islandicus | 204 |
| Peregrine Falcon | Falco peregrinus | 205 | |
| Merlin | Falco æsalon | Hypotriorchis æsalon.—Gray | 208 |
| Kestrel | Falco Tinnunculus | Tinnunculus alaudarius.—Gray | 210 |
| Secretary Bird | Serpentarius reptilivorus.—Daud. | 211 | |
| Hen Harrier | Falco cyaneus | Circus cyaneus—Boié | 213 |
| Section II.—NOCTURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. | |||
| Horned Owl | Strix Bubo | Bubo maximus.—Flem. | 214 |
| Harfang, or Snowy Owl | Strix nyctea | Surnia Nyctea—Selby | 215 |
| Barn Owl | Strix flammea | 216 | |
| Section III.—INSESSORES, OR PERCHING BIRDS. | |||
| Butcher-Bird, or Shrike | Lanius excubitor | 217 | |
| Water Ouzel, or Dipper | Turdus Cinclus.—Lath. Merula aquatica.—Briss. Cinclus aquaticus.—Bech. | 219 | |
| Blackbird | Turdus Merula | 220 | |
| Missel Thrush | Turdus viscivorus | 221 | |
| Redwing | Turdus iliacus | 222 | |
| Fieldfare | Turdus pilaris | 223 | |
| Ring Ouzel | Turdus torquatus | 224 | |
| Mocking Bird | Turdus polyglottus | 225 | |
| Redbreast | Motacilla rubecula. | Sylvia rubecula.—Lath. Erythacus rubecula | 226 |
| Nightingale | Motacilla luscinia | Sylvia luscinia.—Lath. Curruca luscinia—Bech. Philomela luscinia | 228 |
| Blackcap | Motacilla atricapilla | Sylvia.—Lath. and Curruca atricapilla—Bech. | 231 |
| Wren | Motacilla Troglodytes | Sylvia.—Lath. Troglodytes Europæus.—Cuv. Troglodytes vulgaris.—Flem. | 232 |
| Willow Wren | Motacilla trochilus | Silvia trochilus.—Lath. Regulus trochilus.—Cuv. | 233 |
| Golden-crested Wren | Motacilla Regulus | Regulus cristatus.—Will. | 235 |
| Grey Water Wagtail | Motacilla boarula | 236 | |
| Red Wagtails | 237 | ||
| Swallow | Hirundo rustica | 238 | |
| Martin | Hirundo urbica | 241 | |
| Swift | Hirundo apus | Cypselus apus | 243 |
| Goatsucker | Caprimulgus Europæus | 244 | |
| Skylark | Alauda arvensis | 245 | |
| Woodlark | Alauda arborea | 247 | |
| Titmouse | Parus cœruleus | 248 | |
| Long-tailed Tit | Parus caudatus | 248 | |
| Yellow Hammer | Emberiza citrinella | 249 | |
| Wheatear | Motacilla Œnanthe | Silvia Œnanthe.—Lath. Saxicola Œnanthe.—Bech. | 250 |
| Whinchat | Motacilla Rubetra | Saxicola rubetra.—Bech. | 250 |
| Sparrow | Fringilla domestica | *Pyrgita domestica.—Cuv. Passer domesticus.—Ray. | 252 |
| Linnet | Fringilla cannabina | Fringilla Linota.—Gmel. Linaria Linota.—Cuv. | 253 |
| Canary Bird | Fringilla Canaria | Carduelis Canaria | 254 |
| Chaffinch | Fringilla cœlebs | 256 | |
| Bullfinch | Loxia pyrrhula | Pyrrhula vulgaris.—Tem. | 258 |
| Goldfinch | Fringilla carduelis | Carduelis communis.—Cuv.; Carduelis elegans.—Steph. | 259 |
| Crossbill | Loxia curvirostra | 261 | |
| Starling | Sturnus vulgaris | 262 | |
| Satin Bower Bird | Ptilonorhynchus Holosericeus.—Kuhl Kitta.—Lesson. Graucalus.—Cuv. | 263 | |
| Raven | Corvus corax | 265 | |
| Crow | Corvus corone | 268 | |
| Rook | Corvus frugilegus | 269 | |
| Jackdaw | Corvus monedula | 271 | |
| Magpie | Corvus pica | Pica caudata | 272 |
| Chough | Corvus graculus | Pyrrhocorax graculus.—Tem. | 274 |
| Jay | Corvus glandarius | Garrulus glandarius.—Briss. and Cuv. | 275 |
| Roller | Coracias garrula | 276 | |
| Kingfisher | Alcedo ispida | 277 | |
| Bird of Paradise | Paradisea apoda | 279 | |
| Nuthatch | Sitta Europæa | 281 | |
| Creeper | Certhia familiaris | 281 | |
| Wall Creeper | Tichodroma muraria | 283 | |
| Lyre Bird | Menura superba | 284 | |
| Humming-Bird | Trochilus colubris | 287 | |
| Hoopoe | Upupa epops | 288 | |
| Section IV.—SCANSORES, OR CLIMBERS. | |||
| Cuckoo | Cuculus canorus | 290 | |
| Woodpecker | Picus viridis | 294 | |
| Wryneck | Yunx torquilla | 296 | |
| Toucan | Ramphastos tucanus | 297 | |
| Grey Parrot | Psittacus erythacus | 298 | |
| Green Parrot | Psittacus Amazonicus | 300 | |
| Blue and Yellow Macaw | Psittacus aracanga | Macrocereus aracanga.—Viell. | 300 |
| Ring Paroquet | Psittacus Alexandri | Palæornis Alexandri.—Vig. | 301 |
| Warbling Grass Paroquet | Melopsittacus undulatus | 302 | |
| Cockatoo | Psittacus galeritus | Plyctolophus galeritus | 302 |
| Section V.—GALLINACEOUS BIRDS. | |||
| Peacock | Pavo cristatus | 304 | |
| Turkey | Meleagris Gallo-Pavo | 306 | |
| Guinea Fowl | Numida Meleagris | 308 | |
| Mound Bird | Megapodius tumulus | 310 | |
| Pheasant | Phasianus Colchicus | 313 | |
| Red-legged Partridge | Tetrao Rufus | Perdix rufus | 315 |
| Partridge | Tetrao Perdix | Perdix cinerea.—Lath. | 316 |
| Quail | Tetrao Coturnix | Coturnix major.—Briss. Coturnix vulgaris.—Flem. Coturnix Europæus.—Wils. Perdix Coturnix.—Lath. Coturnix dactylisonans.—Gould | 318 |
| American Quail | Ortyx Virginianus | 319 | |
| Grouse, or Moor Fowl | Lagopus Scoticus.—Lath. *Bonasa Scotica.—Briss. | 320 | |
| Ptarmigan | Tetrao Lagopus | Lagopus vulgaris.—Wils. Tetrao rupestris.—Gmel. | 321 |
| Black Cock | Tetrao Tetrix | *Uriogallis minor.—Ray. | 322 |
| Capercailzie | Tetrao Urogallus | 323 | |
| Cock | Phasianus Gallus | Gallus domesticus.—Wils. Gallus Sonnerati | 324 |
| Bankiva, Jago, Spanish, and Bantam Cocks, | 326 | ||
| Dodo | Didus ineptus | 328 | |
| Ringdove | Columba palumbus | 330 | |
| Stockdove | Columba Œnas | 331 | |
| Rock Dove | Columba livia | 332 | |
| Turtledove | Columba turtur | 335 | |
| Section VI.—GRALLATORES, OR WADERS. | |||
| Ostrich | Struthio Camelus | 337 | |
| Rhea | Struthio Rhea | Rhea Americana | 340 |
| Cassowary | Struthio Casuarius | Casuarius galeatus.—Viel. | 341 |
| Emeu | Dromaius ater.—Viel. Dromaius Novæ Hollandiæ | 343 | |
| Apteryx | Apteryx Australis.—Shaw | 344 | |
| Bustard | Otis tarda | 345 | |
| Crane | Ardea Grus | Grus cinerea.—Bech. | 347 |
| Balearic Crane | Ardea pavonina | Anthropoides pavonina.—Viel. Balearica pavonina.—Vig. | 349 |
| Stork | Ardea Ciconia | Ciconia alba.—Cuv. | 350 |
| Adjutant | Leptoptilus argala | 352 | |
| Heron | Ardea cinerea | 354 | |
| Bittern | Ardea stellaris | Botaurus stellaris.—Steph. | 356 |
| Spoonbill | Platalea leucorodia | 358 | |
| Ibis | Ibis religiosa.—Sav. | 359 | |
| Curlew | Scolopax arquata | Numenius arquatus.—Lath. | 360 |
| Redshank | Scolopax calidris | Totanus calidris.—Bech. | 361 |
| Godwit | Scolopax ægocephala | Limosa melanura.—Tem. Limosa ægocephala | 362 |
| Ruff and Reeve | Tringa pugnax | Machetes pugnax | 363 |
| Snipe | Scolopax Gallinago | 365 | |
| Woodcock | Scolopax rusticola | 366 | |
| Knot | Tringa Canutus | Tringa cinerea.—Gmel. | 367 |
| Grey Plover | Tringa squatarola and T. helvetica | Squatarola helvetica.—Cuv. Squatarola cinerea | 368 |
| Golden Plover | Charadrius pluvialis | 369 | |
| Dottrel | Charadrius Morinellus | 370 | |
| Lapwing or Peewit | Tringa vanellus | Vanellus cristatus.—Mey. | 371 |
| Water Hen | Fulica chloropus | Gallinula chloropus | 373 |
| Corncrake, or Land Rail | Rallus crex | Crex pratensis.—Bech. Ortygometra crex | 374 |
| Coot | Fulica atra | 376 | |
| Section VII.—PALMIPEDES, OR WEB-FOOTED BIRDS. | |||
| Pelican | Pelicanus onocrotalus | 377 | |
| Cormorant | Pelicanus Carbo | Carbo Cormoranus.—Mey. Phalacrocorax Carbo.—Cuv. | 379 |
| Crested Cormorant | Pelicanus graculus | Phalacrocorax graculus.—Cuv. | 380 |
| Solan Goose, or Gannet | Pelicanus Bassanus | Pelicanus maculatus.—Gmel. Anser bassanus.—Ray. Sula alba.—Mey. Sula bassana.—Bris. | 381 |
| Tame Swan | Anas olor | Cygnus olor.—Ray. | 383 |
| Wild Swan | Anas Cygnus | Cygnus ferus.—Ray. | 384 |
| Goose | Anas anser | Anser palustris.—Flem. Anser ferus.—Wils. Anser sylvestris.—Briss. | 386 |
| Duck | Anas Boschas | Anas fera.—Briss. | 388 |
| Eider Duck | Anas mollissima | Somateria mollissima.—Leach. | 389 |
| Widgeon | Anas Penelope | Mareca fistularis.-Steph. Anatra Mangiana.—Stor. | 390 |
| Teal | Anas Crecca | Querquedula Crecca.—Steph. | 391 |
| Common Gull | Laruscanus | 392 | |
| Stormy Petrel | Procellaria pelagica | Thalassidroma pelagica.—Vigors | 393 |
| Fulmar | Procellaria glacialis | 395 | |
| Albatross | Diomedea exulans | 396 | |
| Great Northern Diver | Colymbus glacialis | 397 | |
| Puffin | Alca arctica | Fratercula arctica.—Leach. | 398 |
| Great Auk | Alca impennis | 399 | |
| Penguin | 400 | ||
| BOOK III. INHABITANTS OF THE WATER. | |||
| Section I.—CETACEA, OR SEA MAMMALIA. | |||
| Common Whale | Balæna mysticetus | 401 | |
| Rorqual | Balæna Boops | Balænoptera Boops.—Lacep. | 407 |
| Spermaceti Whale | Physeter macrocephalus | 407 | |
| Dolphin | Delphinus Delphis | 409 | |
| White Whale | Beluga leucas.—Gray. Beluga arctica.—Less. Delphinapterus Beluga.—Lacep. | 410 | |
| Porpoise | Delphinus Phocæna | Phocæna vulgaris | 412 |
| Sea Unicorn | Monodon monoceros | 414 | |
| Manatee | Manatus Australis.—Tiles. | 415 | |
| Section II.—CARTILAGINOUS FISHES. | |||
| Sturgeon | Acipenser sturio | 416 | |
| Shark | Squalus Carcharias | Carcharias vulgaris.—Cuv. | 417 |
| Greenland Shark | Salachus maximus | 420 | |
| Dog-Fish | 420 | ||
| Hammer-headed Shark | Zygoma malleus | 421 | |
| Thornback | Raia clavata | 422 | |
| Skate, or Maid | Raia batis | 424 | |
| Torpedo | Raia Torpedo | Torpedo Narke.—Risso | 425 |
| Monk Fish, or Angel Fish | Squalus squatina | Squatina Angelus.—Dum. | 426 |
| Saw Fish | Squalus Pristis | Pristis antiquorum.—Lath. | 427 |
| Lamprey | Petromyzon marinus | 427 | |
| Hag-Fish | Myxine glutinosa | Gastrobranchus cæcus.—Bl. | 428 |
| Section III.—BONY FISHES. | |||
| Pilot Fish | Gasterosteus ductor | Naucrates ductor.—Cuv. | 429 |
| Remora or Sucking Fish | Echeneis Remora | 430 | |
| Sea Wolf | Anarrhichas lupus | 431 | |
| Horned Silure | Silurus militaris | Ageneiosis milit.—Lacep. | 432 |
| Father Lasher | Cottus scorpius | 433 | |
| Sword Fish | Xiphias gladius | 433 | |
| Flying Scorpion | Scorpæna volitans.—Emel. Pteroïs volitans.—Cuv. | 435 | |
| Lump-sucker | Cyclopterus lumpus | 436 | |
| Ocellated-sucker | Lepadogaster cornubicus.—Cuv. | 437 | |
| Angler | Lophius piscatorius | 438 | |
| Four-horned Trunk Fish | Ostracion quadricornis | 439 | |
| Globe Fish | Tetraodon hispidus | 440 | |
| Sun Fish | Tetraodon Mola | Orthagariscus Mola.—Schn. | 441 |
| Sea Horse | Syngnathus Hippocampus | Hippocampus brevirostris.—Cuv. | 442 |
| Flying Fish | Exocætus volitans | 443 | |
| Gurnard | Trigla cuculus | 444 | |
| John Dory | Zeus faber | 446 | |
| Blepharis | Blepharis ciliaris.—Bl. | 447 | |
| Opah, or King Fish | Lampris guttatus.—Retz. | 447 | |
| Cod Fish | Gadus Morrhua | Morrhua vulgaris.—Cuv. | 448 |
| Haddock | Gadus Æglefinus | Morrhua Æglefinus.—Cuv. | 449 |
| Whiting | Gadus Merlangus | Merlangus vulgaris.—Cuv. | 451 |
| Ling | Gadus molva | Lota molva.—Cuv. Asellus.—Will. Molva vulgaris.—Flem. | 451 |
| Mackerel | Scomber Scomber | Scomber Scombrus.—Cuv. Scomber vulgaris.—Flem. | 453 |
| Gar Fish | Esox Belone | Belone vulgaris.—Cuv. | 454 |
| Herring | Clupea Harengus | 455 | |
| Sprat | Clupea Sprattus | 456 | |
| Pilchard | Clupea pilchardus | 457 | |
| Whitebait | Clupea alba.—Yarrell | 458 | |
| Anchovy | Clupea encrasicolus | Engraulis encrasicolus.—Flem. Engraulis vulgaris.—Cuv. | 458 |
| Turbot | Pleuronectes maximus | Rhombus maximus.—Cuv. | 459 |
| Plaice | Pleuronectes platessa | Platessa vulgaris.—Flem. | 460 |
| Flounder | Pleuronectes flesus | Platessa flesus.—Flem. Pleuronectes fluviatilis.—Will. | 461 |
| Sole | Pleuronectes solea | Solea vulgaris.—Cuv. | 461 |
| Salmon Pink | 462 | ||
| Salmon | Salmo salar | 463 | |
| Salmon Trout | Salmo trutta | 465 | |
| Trout | Salmo fario | 466 | |
| Char | Salmo salvelinus | Salmo alpoinus.—Pen. | 469 |
| Grayling | Salmo thymallus | Thymallus vulgaris.—Cuv. | 470 |
| Smelt | Salmo eperlanus | Osmerus eperlanus.—Flem. Eperlanus Rondeletii.—Will. | 471 |
| Pike | Esox lucius | 472 | |
| Perch | Perca fluviatilis | 474 | |
| Pope, or Ruffe | Perca cernua | Acerina cernua.—Cuv. | 474 |
| Basse | Perca labrax | Labrax lupus.—Cuv. | 475 |
| Carp | Cyprinus carpio | 477 | |
| Tench | Cyprinus tinca | Tinca vulgaris.—Cuv. | 478 |
| Gold Fish | Cyprinus auratus | 479 | |
| Gudgeon | Cyprinus gobio | Gobio fluviatilis.—Will. | 480 |
| Chub | Cyprinus cephalus | Leuciscus cephalus.—Flem. | 481 |
| Barbel | Cyprinus barbus | Barbus vulgaris.—Cuv. | 482 |
| Dace | Cyprinus leuciscus | Leuciscus vulgaris.—Cuv. | 482 |
| Roach | Cyprinus rutilus | Leuciscus rutilus.—Cuv. | 483 |
| Bleak | Cyprinus alburnus | Leuciscus alburnus.—Cuv. | 483 |
| Bream | Cyprinus brama | Abramis brama.—Cuv. | 484 |
| Minnow | Cyprinus phoxinus | Leuciscus phoxinus.—Cuv. | 485 |
| Loach | Cobitis barbatula | 486 | |
| Bullhead | Cottus Gobio | 486 | |
| Stickleback | Gasterosteus aculiatus | 487 | |
| Electrical Eel | Gymnotus electricus | 488 | |
| Eel | Muræna Anguilla | Anguilla vulgaris.—Thun. | 490 |
| Conger Eel | Muræna conger | Conger vulgaris.—Cuv. | 492 |
| BOOK IV. REPTILES. | |||
| Section I.—SERPENTS, OR OPHIDIAN REPTILES. | |||
| Viper, or Adder | Coluber Borus | Vipera Berus.—Daud. Pelias Berus.—Merr. | 495 |
| Horned Viper | Coluber cerastes | Vipera cerastes. Cerastes Hasselquistii | 497 |
| Rattle Snake | Crotalus horridus | 498 | |
| Haje | Coluber Haje | Naja Haje.—Groff. | 499 |
| Cobra di Capello | Coluber Naja | Naja tripudians.—Merr. | 500 |
| Snake | Coluber natrix | Natrix torquata.—Ray. | 501 |
| Boa | Boa constrictor | 502 | |
| Amphisbæna | Amphisbæna fuliginosa | 503 | |
| Section II.—BATRACHIAN REPTILES. | |||
| Frog | Rana temporaria | 505 | |
| Toad | Rana Bufo | Bufo vulgaris.—Laur. | 507 |
| Surinam Toad | Rana Pipa | Pipa Americana.—Laur. | 509 |
| Newt | Lacerta aquatica | Triton aquaticus | 510 |
| Great Newt | Triton balustris | 511 | |
| Section III.—SAURIAN REPTILES. | |||
| Lizard | Lacerta vivipara | Lacerta agilis.—Briss. Zootoca vivipara.—Wag. | 512 |
| Iguana | Lacerta Iguana | Iguana tuberculata.—Laur. | 513 |
| Flying Lizard | Draco volans | 514 | |
| Chameleon | Lacerta Chamæleon | Chamæleo vulgaris.—Cuv. | 515 |
| Crocodile | Lacerta Crocodilus | Crocodilus vulgaris.—Cuv. | 517 |
| Alligator, or Cayman | Lacerta Alligator | Alligator Lucius.—Cuv. | 518 |
| Section IV.-CHELONIAN REPTILES. | |||
| Tortoise | Testudo Græca | 520 | |
| Turtle | Testudo midas | Chelonia midas.—Briss. | 521 |
| Hawk’s Bill Turtle | Testudo imbricata | Chelonia imbricata.—Briss. | 523 |
| Leathery Turtle | Testudo coriacea | Sphargis coriacea | 524 |
| BOOK V. MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. | |||
| Section I.—BIVALVES, OR THOSE HAVING TWO SHELLS. | |||
| Pearl Oyster | Mytilus Margaritiferus | Avicula margaritifera.—Lam. | 525 |
| Oyster | Ostrea edulis | 526 | |
| Cockle | Cardium edule | Cardium fimbria | 527 |
| Pholas | Pholas dactylus | 528 | |
| Mussel | Mytilus edulis | 530 | |
| Section II.—UNIVALVES. | |||
| Admiral | Conus ammiralis | 530 | |
| Tiger Cowry | Cypræa Tigris | 531 | |
| Whelk | Buccinum undatum | 531 | |
| Snipe Shell | Murex haustellus | 532 | |
| Periwinkle | Littorina littorea | 532 | |
| Limpet | Patella vulgata | 532 | |
| Snail | Helix aspersa | 533 | |
| Cuttlefish | Sepia officinalis | 535 | |
| Poulpe | Sepia octopodia | Octopus vulgaris.—Lam. | 537 |
| Argonaut | Argonauta argo | 537 | |
| Nautilus | Nautilus Pompilius | 538 | |
| BOOK VI. ARTICULATED ANIMALS. | |||
| Section I.—ANNELIDA, OR RINGED ANIMALS. | |||
| Earthworms | Lumbricus terrestris | 539 | |
| Leech | Hirudo medicinalis | Sanguisuga officinalis | 540 |
| Section II.—CRUSTACEA. | |||
| Lobster | Cancer gammarus | Astacus marinus.—Leach | 542 |
| Crayfish | Cancer astacus | Astacus fluviatilis.—Des. Potamobius.—Leach | 543 |
| Crab | Cancer Pagurus | 543 | |
| Land Crab | 544 | ||
| Soldier Crab | Pagurus Bempardus | 545 | |
| Shrimp | Cancer crangon | Crangon vulgaris.—Fab. | 546 |
| Prawn | Palæmon serratus.—Leach | 546 | |
| Section III.—ARACHNIDA. | |||
| Garden Spider | Aranea diadema | Epeïra diadema.—Walck. | 548 |
| Tarantula | Aranea Tarantula | Lycosa tarantula.—Lat. | 550 |
| Cheese Mite | Acarus siro | 552 | |
| Section IV.—INSECTS. Order I.—Coleoptera, or Beetles. | |||
| Cockchafer | Scarabæus Melolontha | Melolontha vulgaris.—Fab. | 554 |
| Dor Beetle | Scarabæus stercorarius | Geotrupes stercorarius.—Lat. | 555 |
| Stag Beetle | Lucanus Cervus | 556 | |
| Elephant Beetle | Scarabæus elephas | Dynastes elephas | 557 |
| Musk Beetle, or Goat Chaffer | Cerambyx moschatus | Aromia moschata.—Serv. | 558 |
| Ground Beetle | Carabus clathratus | 558 | |
| Glowworm | Lampyris noctiluca | 559 | |
| Death Watch | Ptinus pertinax | Anobium pertinax.—Fab. | 560 |
| Spanish Fly | Cantharis vesicatoria | 561 | |
| Corn Weevil | Curculio granarius | Calandra granaria.—Clairv. | 561 |
| Lady Bird | Coccinella septempunctata | 562 | |
| Order II.—Orthoptera. | |||
| Earwig | Forficula auricularia | 563 | |
| Leaf Mantis | Mantis gongylodes | Empusa gongylodes—Ill. | 564 |
| Walking Leaf | Mantis siccifolia | Phyllium siccifolium.—Ill. | 565 |
| Grasshopper | Locusta flavipes | 566 | |
| Locust | Gryllus migratorius | Locusta migratoria | 567 |
| Mole Cricket | Gryllus Gryllotalpa | Gryllotalpa vulgaris.—Lat. | 569 |
| Cricket | Gryllus domesticus | Acheta domestica | 570 |
| Order III.—Hemiptera. | |||
| Lantern Fly | Fulgora lanternaria | 571 | |
| Cochineal Insect | Coccus cacti | 571 | |
| Green Fly | Aphis rosæ | 572 | |
| Order IV.—Neuroptera. | |||
| Ant-Lion | Myrmeleon formicarium | 574 | |
| Dragon Fly | Libellula grandis | Æshna grandis.—Fab. | 576 |
| Order V.—Hymenoptera. | |||
| Bee | Apis mellifica | 577 | |
| Wasp | Vespa vulgaris | 579 | |
| Ichneumon | Pimpla persuasoria | 581 | |
| Ant | Formica rufa | 582 | |
| Order VI.—Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. | |||
| Emperor Moth, with its Chrysalis and Caterpillar | Phalœna Pavonia minor | Saturnia.—Schaank. | 583 |
| Tortoise-Shell Butterfly | Papilio urticæ | Vanessa urticæ.—Fab. | 585 |
| Cabbage Butterfly | Papilio Brassicæ | Pieris Brassicæ.—Lat. Pontia Brassicæ.—Fab. | 586 |
| Magpie Moth | Phalæna grossulariata | Abraxas grossulariata.—Leach | 587 |
| Winter Moth | Phalæna brumata | Hibernia brumata.—Lat. | 588 |
| Silkworm | Bombyx mori | 589 | |
| Clothes Moth | Tinea pellionella | 590 | |
| Order VII.—Diptera. | |||
| House Fly | Musca domestica | 592 | |
| Gnat | Culex pipiens | 592 | |
| Order VIII.—Suctoria. | |||
| Flea | Pulex irritans | 594 | |
| BOOK VII. RADIATA. | |||
| Star Fish | Asterias rubens | Uraster rubens | 595 |
| Sea-Urchin | Echinus miliaris | 596 | |
| Red Coral | Isis nobilis | Gorgonia nobilis | 597 |
| Stony Corals | 600 | ||
| Sponge | 603 | ||
| Polyps | 604 | ||
| Sea Anemones | 607 | ||
| Jelly Fish | 609 | ||
| Appendix.—Fabulous Animals | 611 | ||