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The Natural History of Pliny, Vol. 3

by Pliny the Elder

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  1. 1Contents. Of the Third Volume
  2. 2Greek and Roman Money, Weights, and Measures Mentioned by Pliny
  3. 3Book XI — The Various Kinds of Insects
  4. 4Chap. 2 — (3.) — Whether Insects Respire, and Whether They Have Blood
  5. 5Chap. 3 — (4.) — The Bodies of Insects
  6. 6Chap. 4 — (5.) — Bees
  7. 7Chap. 5 — (6.) — The Order Displayed in the Works of Bees
  8. 8Chap. 6 — (5.) — The Meaning of the Terms Commosis, Pissoceros, and…
  9. 9Chap. 7 — The Meaning of Erithace, Sandaraca, or Cerinthos
  10. 10Chap. 8 — (8.) — What Flowers Are Used by the Bees in Their Work
  11. 11Chap. 9 — (9.) — Persons Who Have Made Bees Their Study
  12. 12Chap. 10 — (10.) — The Mode in Which Bees Work
  13. 13Chap. 11 — Drones
  14. 14Chap. 12 — The Qualities of Honey
  15. 15Chap. 13 — (13.) — Where the Best Honey Is Produced
  16. 16Chap. 14 — (14.) — The Kinds of Honey Peculiar to Various Places
  17. 17Chap. 15 — (15.) — How Honey Is Tested. Ericæum. Tetralix, or Sisirum
  18. 18Chap. 16 — The Reproduction of Bees
  19. 19Chap. 17 — (17.) — The Mode of Government of the Bees
  20. 20Chap. 18 — Happy Omens Sometimes Afforded by a Swarm of Bees
  21. 21Chap. 19 — (18.) — The Various Kinds of Bees
  22. 22Chap. 20 — The Diseases of Bees
  23. 23Chap. 21 — Things That Are Noxious to Bees
  24. 24Chap. 22 — (20.) — How to Keep Bees to the Hive
  25. 25Chap. 23 — Methods of Renewing the Swarm
  26. 26Chap. 24 — (21.) — Wasps and Hornets: Animals Which Appropriate Wha…
  27. 27Chap. 25 — (22.) — The Bombyx of Assyria
  28. 28Chap. 26 — The Larvæ of the Silk-Worm — Who First Invented Silk Cloths
  29. 29Chap. 27 — (23.) — The Silk-Worm of Cos — How the Coan Vestments Ar…
  30. 30Chap. 28 — (24.) — Spiders; the Kinds That Make Webs; the Materials…
  31. 31Chap. 29 — The Generation of Spiders
  32. 32Chap. 30 — (25.) — Scorpions
  33. 33Chap. 31 — (26.) — The Stellio
  34. 34Chap. 32 — The Grasshopper: That It Has Neither Mouth nor Outlet fo…
  35. 35Chap. 33 — (28.) — The Wings of Insects
  36. 36Chap. 34 — The Beetle. The Glow-Worm. Other Kinds of Beetles
  37. 37Chap. 35 — Locusts
  38. 38Chap. 36 — (30.) — Ants
  39. 39Chap. 37 — (32.) — The Chrysalis
  40. 40Chap. 38 — (33.) — Animals Which Breed in Wood
  41. 41Chap. 39 — Insects That Are Parasites of Man. Which Is the Smallest…
  42. 42Chap. 40 — (34.) — An Animal Which Has No Passage for the Evacuations
  43. 43Chap. 41 — (35.) — Moths, Cantharides, Gnats — An Insect That Breed…
  44. 44Chap. 42 — (36.) — An Animal Found in Fire — The Pyrallis or Pyrausta
  45. 45Chap. 43 — The Animal Called Hemerobion
  46. 46Chap. 44 — (37.) — The Nature and Characteristics of All Animals Co…
  47. 47Chap. 45 — The Various Kinds of Horns. Animals in Which They Are Mo…
  48. 48Chap. 46 — The Heads of Animals. Those Which Have None
  49. 49Chap. 47 — The Hair
  50. 50Chap. 48 — The Bones of the Head
  51. 51Chap. 49 — The Brain
  52. 52Chap. 50 — The Ears. Animals Which Hear Without Ears or Apertures
  53. 53Chap. 51 — The Face, the Forehead, and the Eye-Brows
  54. 54Chap. 52 — The Eyes — Animals Which Have No Eyes, or Have Only One Eye
  55. 55Chap. 53 — The Diversity of the Colour of the Eyes
  56. 56Chap. 54 — The Theory of Sight — Persons Who Can See by Night
  57. 57Chap. 55 — The Nature of the Pupil — Eyes Which Do Not Shut
  58. 58Chap. 56 — The Hair of the Eye-Lids; What Animals Are Without Them.…
  59. 59Chap. 57 — Animals Which Have No Eyelids
  60. 60Chap. 58 — The Cheeks
  61. 61Chap. 59 — The Nostrils
  62. 62Chap. 60 — The Mouth; the Lips; the Chin; and the Jaw-Bone
  63. 63Chap. 61 — The Teeth; the Various Kinds of Teeth; in What Animals T…
  64. 64Chap. 62 — The Teeth of Serpents; Their Poison. A Bird Which Has Teeth
  65. 65Chap. 63 — Wonderful Circumstances Connected With the Teeth
  66. 66Chap. 64 — How an Estimate Is Formed of the Age of Animals From The…
  67. 67Chap. 65 — The Tongue; Animals Which Have No Tongue. The Noise Made…
  68. 68Chap. 66 — The Tonsils; the Uva; the Epiglossis; the Artery; the Gu…
  69. 69Chap. 67 — The Neck; the Throat; the Dorsal Spine
  70. 70Chap. 68 — The Throat; the Gullet; the Stomach
  71. 71Chap. 69 — The Heart; the Blood; the Vital Spirit
  72. 72Chap. 70 — Those Animals Which Have the Largest Heart, and Those Wh…
  73. 73Chap. 71 — When the Custom Was First Adopted of Examining the Heart…
  74. 74Chap. 72 — The Lungs: In What Animals They Are the Largest, and in…
  75. 75Chap. 73 — The Liver: In What Animals, and in What Part There Are T…
  76. 76Chap. 74 — The Gall; Where Situate, and in What Animals It Is Doubl…
  77. 77Chap. 75 — The Properties of the Gall
  78. 78Chap. 76 — In What Animals the Liver Increases and Decreases With t…
  79. 79Chap. 77 — The Diaphragm. The Nature of Laughter
  80. 80Chap. 78 — The Belly: Animals Which Have No Belly. Which Are the On…
  81. 81Chap. 79 — The Small Guts, the Front Intestines, the Anus, the Colo…
  82. 82Chap. 80 — The Omentum: The Spleen; Animals Which Are Without It
  83. 83Chap. 81 — The Kidneys: Animals Which Have Four Kidneys. Animals Wh…
  84. 84Chap. 82 — The Breast: The Ribs
  85. 85Chap. 83 — The Bladder: Animals Which Have No Bladder
  86. 86Chap. 84 — The Womb: The Womb of the Sow: The Teats
  87. 87Chap. 85 — Animals Which Have Suet: Animals Which Do Not Grow Fat
  88. 88Chap. 86 — The Marrow: Animals Which Have No Marrow
  89. 89Chap. 87 — Bones and Fish-Bones: Animals Which Have Neither. Cartil…
  90. 90Chap. 88 — The Nerve: Animals Which Have None
  91. 91Chap. 89 — The Arteries; the Veins: Animals Without Arteries or Vei…
  92. 92Chap. 91 — Animals Which Are Without Blood at Certain Periods of th…
  93. 93Chap. 92 — (39.) — Whether the Blood Is the Principle of Life
  94. 94Chap. 93 — The Hide of Animals
  95. 95Chap. 94 — The Hair and the Covering of the Skin
  96. 96Chap. 95 — The Paps: Birds That Have Paps. Remarkable Facts Connect…
  97. 97Chap. 96 — (41.) — The Milk: The Biestings. Cheese; of What Milk Ch…
  98. 98Chap. 97 — (42.) — Various Kinds of Cheese
  99. 99Chap. 98 — (43.) — Differences of the Members of Man From Those of…
  100. 100Chap. 99 — The Fingers, the Arms
  101. 101Chap. 100 — (44.) — Resemblance of the Ape to Man
  102. 102Chap. 101 — (45.) — The Nails
  103. 103Chap. 102 — The Knees and the Hams
  104. 104Chap. 103 — Parts of the Human Body to Which Certain Religious Idea…
  105. 105Chap. 104 — Varicose Veins
  106. 106Chap. 105 — The Gait, the Feet, the Legs
  107. 107Chap. 106 — (46.) — Hoofs
  108. 108Chap. 107 — (47.) — The Feet of Birds
  109. 109Chap. 108 — (48.) — The Feet of Animals, From Those Having Two Feet…
  110. 110Chap. 109 — The Sexual Parts — Hermaphrodites
  111. 111Chap. 110 — The Testes — The Three Classes of Eunuchs
  112. 112Chap. 111 — (50.) — The Tails of Animals
  113. 113Chap. 112 — (51.) — The Different Voices of Animals
  114. 114Chap. 113 — (52.) — Superfluous Limbs
  115. 115Chap. 114 — Signs of Vitality and of the Moral Disposition of Man,…
  116. 116Chap. 115 — (53.) — Respiration and Nutriment
  117. 117Chap. 116 — Animals Which When Fed Upon Poison Do Not die, and the…
  118. 118Chap. 117 — Reasons for Indigestion. Remedies for Crudity
  119. 119Chap. 118 — From What Causes Corpulence Arises; How It May Be Reduced
  120. 120Chap. 119 — What Things, by Merely Tasting of Them, Allay Hunger an…
  121. 121Book XII — The Natural History of Trees
  122. 122Chap. 2 — (1.) — The Early History of Trees
  123. 123Chap. 3 — Exotic Trees. When the Plane-Tree First Appeared in Italy…
  124. 124Chap. 4 — The Nature of the Plane-Tree
  125. 125Chap. 5 — Remarkable Facts Connected With the Plane-Tree
  126. 126Chap. 6 — (2.) — The Chamæplatanus. Who Was the First to Clip Green…
  127. 127Chap. 7 — (3.) — How the Citron Is Planted
  128. 128Chap. 8 — (4.) — The Trees of India
  129. 129Chap. 9 — When Ebony Was First Seen at Rome. The Various Kinds of E…
  130. 130Chap. 10 — (5.) — The Indian Thorn
  131. 131Chap. 11 — The Indian Fig
  132. 132Chap. 12 — (6.) — The Pala: The Fruit Called Ariena
  133. 133Chap. 13 — Indian Trees, the Names of Which Are Unknown. Indian Tre…
  134. 134Chap. 14 — (7.) — The Pepper-Tree — The Various Kinds of Pepper — B…
  135. 135Chap. 15 — Caryophyllon, Lycion, and the Chironian Pyxacanthus
  136. 136Chap. 16 — (8.) — Macir
  137. 137Chap. 17 — Sugar
  138. 138Chap. 18 — Trees of Ariana, Gedrosia, and Hyrcania
  139. 139Chap. 19 — (9.) — Trees of Bactriana, Bdellium, or Brochon, Otherwi…
  140. 140Chap. 20 — Trees of Persis
  141. 141Chap. 21 — (10.) — Trees of the Islands of the Persian Sea. The Cot…
  142. 142Chap. 22 — The Tree Called Cyna. Trees From Which Fabrics for Cloth…
  143. 143Chap. 23 — A Country Where the Trees Never Lose Their Leaves
  144. 144Chap. 24 — The Various Useful Products of Trees
  145. 145Chap. 25 — (12.) — Costus
  146. 146Chap. 26 — Nard. The Twelve Varieties of the Plant
  147. 147Chap. 27 — (13.) — Asarum, or Foal-Foot
  148. 148Chap. 28 — Amomum — Amomis
  149. 149Chap. 29 — Cardamomum
  150. 150Chap. 30 — The Country of Frankincense
  151. 151Chap. 31 — The Trees That Bear Frankincense
  152. 152Chap. 32 — Various Kinds of Frankincense
  153. 153Chap. 33 — (15.) — Myrrh
  154. 154Chap. 34 — The Trees Which Produce Myrrh
  155. 155Chap. 35 — The Nature and Various Kinds of Myrrh
  156. 156Chap. 36 — (17.) — Mastich
  157. 157Chap. 37 — Ladanum and Stobolon
  158. 158Chap. 38 — Enhæmon
  159. 159Chap. 39 — The Tree Called Bratus
  160. 160Chap. 40 — The Tree Called Stobrum
  161. 161Chap. 41 — (18.) — Why Arabia Was Called “Happy”
  162. 162Chap. 42 — (19.) — Cinnamomum. Xylocinnamum
  163. 163Chap. 43 — Cassia
  164. 164Chap. 44 — Cancamum and Tarum
  165. 165Chap. 45 — (21.) — Serichatum and Gabalium
  166. 166Chap. 46 — Myrobalanum
  167. 167Chap. 47 — (22.) — Phœnicobalanus
  168. 168Chap. 48 — The Sweet-Scented Calamus; the Sweet-Scented Rush
  169. 169Chap. 49 — Hammoniacum
  170. 170Chap. 50 — Sphagnos
  171. 171Chap. 51 — Cypros
  172. 172Chap. 52 — Aspalathos, or Erysisceptrum
  173. 173Chap. 53 — Maron
  174. 174Chap. 54 — (25.) — Balsamum; Opobalsamum; and Xylobalsamum
  175. 175Chap. 55 — Storax
  176. 176Chap. 56 — Galbanum
  177. 177Chap. 57 — (26.) — Panax
  178. 178Chap. 58 — Spondylium
  179. 179Chap. 59 — Malobathrum
  180. 180Chap. 60 — (27.) — Omphacium
  181. 181Chap. 61 — (28.) — Bryon, Œnanthe, and Massaris
  182. 182Chap. 62 — Elate or Spathe
  183. 183Chap. 63 — Cinnamon or Comacum
  184. 184Book XIII — The Natural History of Exotic Trees, and an Account of…
  185. 185Chap. 2 — The Various Kinds of Unguents — Twelve Principal Composit…
  186. 186Chap. 3 — Diapasma, Magma; the Mode of Testing Unguents
  187. 187Chap. 4 — (3.) — The Excesses to Which Luxury Has Run in Unguents
  188. 188Chap. 5 — When Unguents Were First Used by the Romans
  189. 189Chap. 6 — The Palm-Tree
  190. 190Chap. 7 — The Nature of the Palm-Tree
  191. 191Chap. 8 — How the Palm-Tree Is Planted
  192. 192Chap. 9 — The Different Varieties of Palm-Trees, and Their Characte…
  193. 193Chap. 10 — (5.) — The Trees of Syria: The Pistacia, the Cottana, th…
  194. 194Chap. 11 — The Cedar. Trees Which Have on Them the Fruit of Three Y…
  195. 195Chap. 12 — (6.) — The Terebinth
  196. 196Chap. 13 — The Sumach-Tree
  197. 197Chap. 14 — (7.) — The Trees of Egypt. The Fig-Tree of Alexandria
  198. 198Chap. 15 — The Fig-Tree of Cyprus
  199. 199Chap. 16 — (8.) — The Carob-Tree
  200. 200Chap. 17 — (9.) — The Persian Tree. In What Trees the Fruits Germin…
  201. 201Chap. 18 — The Cucus
  202. 202Chap. 19 — The Egyptian Thorn
  203. 203Chap. 20 — (11.) — Nine Kinds of Gum. The Sarcocolla
  204. 204Chap. 21 — The Papyrus: The Use of Paper; When It Was First Invented
  205. 205Chap. 22 — The Mode of Making Paper
  206. 206Chap. 23 — (12) — The Nine Different Kinds of Paper
  207. 207Chap. 24 — The Mode of Testing the Goodness of Paper
  208. 208Chap. 25 — The Peculiar Defects in Paper
  209. 209Chap. 26 — The Paste Used in the Preparation of Paper
  210. 210Chap. 27 — (13.) — The Books of Numa
  211. 211Chap. 28 — (14.) — The Trees of Æthiopia
  212. 212Chap. 29 — (15.) — The Trees of Mount Atlas. The Citrus, and the Ta…
  213. 213Chap. 30 — The Points That Are Desirable or Otherwise in These Tables
  214. 214Chap. 31 — The Citron-Tree
  215. 215Chap. 32 — (17.) — The Lotus
  216. 216Chap. 33 — (19.) — The Trees of Cyrenaica. The Paliurus
  217. 217Chap. 34 — Nine Varieties of the Punic Apple. Balaustium
  218. 218Chap. 35 — (20.) — The Trees of Asia and Greece; the Epipactis, the…
  219. 219Chap. 36 — The Tragion: Tragacanthe
  220. 220Chap. 37 — The Tragos or Scorpio; the Myrica or Brya; the Ostrys
  221. 221Chap. 38 — (22.) — The Euonymos
  222. 222Chap. 39 — The Tree Called Eon
  223. 223Chap. 40 — The Andrachle
  224. 224Chap. 41 — The Coccygia; the Apharce
  225. 225Chap. 42 — The Ferula
  226. 226Chap. 43 — The Thapsia
  227. 227Chap. 44 — (23.) — The Capparis or Cynosbaton, Otherwise Ophiostaphyle
  228. 228Chap. 45 — The Saripha
  229. 229Chap. 46 — (24.) — The Royal Thorn
  230. 230Chap. 47 — The Cytisus
  231. 231Chap. 48 — (25.) — The Trees and Shrubs of the Mediterranean. The P…
  232. 232Chap. 49 — The Sea Bryon
  233. 233Chap. 50 — Plants of the Red Sea
  234. 234Chap. 51 — Plants of the Indian Sea
  235. 235Chap. 52 — The Plants of the Troglodytic Sea; the Hair of Isis: The…
  236. 236Book XIV — The Natural History of the Fruit Trees
  237. 237Chap. 3 — The Nature of the Grape, and the Cultivation of the Vine
  238. 238Chap. 4 — (2.) — Ninety-One Varieties of the Vine
  239. 239Chap. 5 — (4.) — Remarkable Facts Connected With the Culture of the…
  240. 240Chap. 6 — The Most Ancient Wines
  241. 241Chap. 7 — (5.) — The Nature of Wines
  242. 242Chap. 8 — (6.) — Fifty Kinds of Generous Wines
  243. 243Chap. 9 — (7.) — Thirty-Eight Varieties of Foreign Wines
  244. 244Chap. 10 — (8.) — Seven Kinds of Salted Wines
  245. 245Chap. 11 — (9.) — Eighteen Varieties of Sweet Wine. Raisin-Wine and…
  246. 246Chap. 12 — (10.) — Three Varieties of Second-Rate Wine
  247. 247Chap. 13 — (11.) — At What Period Generous Wines Were First Commonl…
  248. 248Chap. 14 — (12.) — The Inspection of Wine Ordered by King Romulus
  249. 249Chap. 15 — Wines Drunk by the Ancient Romans
  250. 250Chap. 16 — (14.) — Some Remarkable Facts Connected With Wine-Lofts.…
  251. 251Chap. 17 — At What Period Four Kinds of Wine Were First Served at T…
  252. 252Chap. 18 — (16.) — The Uses of the Wild Vine. What Juices Are Natur…
  253. 253Chap. 19 — Sixty-Six Varieties of Artificial Wine
  254. 254Chap. 20 — (17.) — Hydromeli, or Melicraton
  255. 255Chap. 21 — Oxymeli
  256. 256Chap. 22 — (18.) — Twelve Kinds of Wine With Miraculous Properties
  257. 257Chap. 23 — (19.) — What Wines It Is Not Lawful to Use in the Sacred…
  258. 258Chap. 24 — How Must Is Usually Prepared
  259. 259Chap. 25 — (20.) — Pitch and Resin
  260. 260Chap. 26 — Vinegar — Lees of Wine
  261. 261Chap. 27 — (21.) — Wine-Vessels — Wine-Cellars
  262. 262Chap. 28 — (22.) — Drunkenness
  263. 263Chap. 29 — Liquors With the Strength of Wine Made From Water and Corn
  264. 264Book XV — The Natural History of the Fruit-Trees
  265. 265Chap. 2 — The Nature of the Olive, and of New Olive Oil
  266. 266Chap. 3 — (2.) — Olive Oil: The Countries in Which It Is Produced,…
  267. 267Chap. 4 — Fifteen Varieties of Olives
  268. 268Chap. 5 — (4.) — The Nature of Olive Oil
  269. 269Chap. 6 — (5.) — The Culture of the Olive: Its Mode of Preservation…
  270. 270Chap. 7 — (7.) — Forty-Eight Varieties of Artificial Oils. The Cicu…
  271. 271Chap. 8 — (8.) — Amurca
  272. 272Chap. 9 — (9.) — The Various Kinds of Fruit-Trees and Their Natures…
  273. 273Chap. 10 — (11.) — The Quince. Four Kinds of Cydonia, and Four Vari…
  274. 274Chap. 11 — Six Varieties of the Peach
  275. 275Chap. 12 — (13) — Twelve Kinds of Plums
  276. 276Chap. 13 — The Peach
  277. 277Chap. 14 — (14.) — Thirty Different Kinds of Pomes. At What Period…
  278. 278Chap. 15 — The Fruits That Have Been Most Recently Introduced
  279. 279Chap. 16 — (15.) — Forty-One Varieties of the Pear
  280. 280Chap. 17 — Various Methods of Grafting Trees. Expiations for Lightning
  281. 281Chap. 18 — (16.) — The Mode of Keeping Various Fruits and Grapes
  282. 282Chap. 19 — (18.) — Twenty-Nine Varieties of the Fig
  283. 283Chap. 20 — Historical Anecdotes Connected With the Fig
  284. 284Chap. 21 — Caprification
  285. 285Chap. 22 — (20.) — Three Varieties of the Medlar
  286. 286Chap. 23 — (21) — Four Varieties of the Sorb
  287. 287Chap. 24 — (22.) — Nine Varieties of the Nut
  288. 288Chap. 25 — (23.) — Eighteen Varieties of the Chesnut
  289. 289Chap. 26 — (24.) — The Carob
  290. 290Chap. 27 — The Fleshy Fruits. The Mulberry
  291. 291Chap. 28 — The Fruit of the Arbutus
  292. 292Chap. 29 — The Relative Natures of Berry Fruits
  293. 293Chap. 30 — (25.) — Nine Varieties of the Cherry
  294. 294Chap. 31 — (26.) — The Cornel. The Lentisk
  295. 295Chap. 32 — (27.) — Thirteen Different Flavours of Juices
  296. 296Chap. 33 — (28.) — The Colour and Smell of Juices
  297. 297Chap. 34 — The Various Natures of Fruit
  298. 298Chap. 35 — (29) — The Myrtle
  299. 299Chap. 36 — Historical Anecdotes Relative to the Myrtle
  300. 300Chap. 37 — Eleven Varieties of the Myrtle
  301. 301Chap. 38 — The Myrtle Used at Rome in Ovations
  302. 302Chap. 39 — (30.) — The Laurel; Thirteen Varieties of It
  303. 303Chap. 40 — Historical Anecdotes Connected With the Laurel
  304. 304Book XVI — The Natural History of the Forest Trees
  305. 305Chap. 2 — Wonders Connected With Trees in the Northern Regions
  306. 306Chap. 3 — (4.) — The Acorn Oak. The Civic Crown
  307. 307Chap. 4 — The Origin of the Presentation of Crowns
  308. 308Chap. 5 — Persons Presented With a Crown of Leaves
  309. 309Chap. 6 — (5.) — Thirteen Varieties of the Acorn
  310. 310Chap. 7 — (6.) — The Beech
  311. 311Chap. 8 — The Other Acorns — Wood for Fuel
  312. 312Chap. 9 — The Gall-Nut
  313. 313Chap. 10 — Other Productions on These Trees Besides the Acorn
  314. 314Chap. 11 — (8.) — Cachrys
  315. 315Chap. 12 — The Kermes Berry
  316. 316Chap. 13 — Agaric
  317. 317Chap. 14 — (9.) — Trees of Which the Bark Is Used
  318. 318Chap. 15 — (10.) — Shingles
  319. 319Chap. 16 — The Pine
  320. 320Chap. 17 — The Pinaster
  321. 321Chap. 18 — The Pitch-Tree: The Fir
  322. 322Chap. 19 — The Larch: The Torch-Tree
  323. 323Chap. 20 — The Yew
  324. 324Chap. 21 — (11.) — Methods of Making Tar — How Cedrium Is Made
  325. 325Chap. 22 — Methods by Which Thick Pitch Is Prepared
  326. 326Chap. 23 — (12.) — How the Resin Called Zopissa Is Prepared
  327. 327Chap. 24 — (13.) — Trees the Wood of Which Is Highly Valued. Four V…
  328. 328Chap. 25 — (14.) — Two Varieties of the Linden-Tree
  329. 329Chap. 26 — (15.) — Ten Varieties of the Maple
  330. 330Chap. 27 — (16.) — Bruscum: Molluscum; the Staphylodendron
  331. 331Chap. 28 — Three Varieties of the Box-Tree
  332. 332Chap. 29 — (17.) — Four Varieties of the Elm
  333. 333Chap. 30 — (18.) — The Natures of the Various Trees According to Th…
  334. 334Chap. 31 — Trees Which Grow on a Dry Soil: Those Which Are Found in…
  335. 335Chap. 32 — (19.) — Division of Trees Into Various Species
  336. 336Chap. 33 — (20.) — Trees Which Do Not Lose Their Foliage…
  337. 337Chap. 34 — (22.) — The Nature of the Leaves Which Wither and Fall
  338. 338Chap. 35 — Trees Which Have Leaves of Various Colours; Trees With L…
  339. 339Chap. 36 — Leaves Which Turn Round Every Year
  340. 340Chap. 37 — The Care Bestowed on the Leaves of the Palm, and the Use…
  341. 341Chap. 38 — Remarkable Facts Connected With Leaves
  342. 342Chap. 39 — (25.) — The Natural Order of the Production of Plants
  343. 343Chap. 40 — Trees Which Never Blossom. The Juniper
  344. 344Chap. 41 — The Fecundation of Trees. Germination: The Appearance of…
  345. 345Chap. 42 — In What Order the Trees Blossom
  346. 346Chap. 43 — (26.) — At What Period Each Tree Bears Fruit. The Cornel
  347. 347Chap. 44 — Trees Which Bear the Whole Year. Trees Which Have on The…
  348. 348Chap. 45 — Trees Which Bear No Fruit: Trees Looked Upon as Ill-Omened
  349. 349Chap. 46 — Trees Which Lose Their Fruit or Flowers Most Readily
  350. 350Chap. 47 — Trees Which Are Unproductive in Certain Places
  351. 351Chap. 48 — The Mode in Which Trees Bear
  352. 352Chap. 49 — Trees in Which the Fruit Appears Before the Leaves
  353. 353Chap. 50 — (27.) — Trees That Bear Two Crops in a Year. Trees That…
  354. 354Chap. 51 — Which Trees Become Old With the Greatest Rapidity, and W…
  355. 355Chap. 52 — Trees Which Bear Various Products. Cratægum
  356. 356Chap. 53 — Differences in Trees in Respect of the Trunks and Branches
  357. 357Chap. 54 — The Branches of Trees
  358. 358Chap. 55 — (31.) — The Bark of Trees
  359. 359Chap. 56 — The Roots of Trees
  360. 360Chap. 57 — Trees Which Have Grown Spontaneously From the Ground
  361. 361Chap. 58 — How Trees Grow Spontaneously — Diversities in Their Natu…
  362. 362Chap. 59 — Plants That Will Not Grow in Certain Places
  363. 363Chap. 60 — (33.) — The Cypress
  364. 364Chap. 61 — That the Earth Often Bears Productions Which It Has Neve…
  365. 365Chap. 62 — (34.) — The Ivy — Twenty Varieties of It
  366. 366Chap. 63 — (35.) — The Smilax
  367. 367Chap. 64 — (36.) — Water Plants: The Rush: Twenty-Eight Varieties o…
  368. 368Chap. 65 — Reeds Used for Arrows, and for the Purpose of Writing
  369. 369Chap. 66 — Flute Reeds: The Reed of Orchomenus; Reeds Used for Fowl…
  370. 370Chap. 67 — The Vine-Dressers’ Reed
  371. 371Chap. 68 — The Willow: Eight Varieties of It
  372. 372Chap. 69 — Trees in Addition to the Willow, Which Are of Use in Mak…
  373. 373Chap. 70 — Rushes: Candle-Rushes: Rushes for Thatching
  374. 374Chap. 71 — The Elder: The Bramble
  375. 375Chap. 72 — (38.) — The Juices of Trees
  376. 376Chap. 73 — The Veins and Fibres of Trees
  377. 377Chap. 74 — The Felling of Trees
  378. 378Chap. 75 — The Opinion of Cato on the Felling of Timber
  379. 379Chap. 76 — The Size of Trees: The Nature of Wood: The Sappinus
  380. 380Chap. 77 — Methods of Obtaining Fire From Wood
  381. 381Chap. 78 — Trees Which Are Proof Against Decay: Trees Which Never S…
  382. 382Chap. 79 — Historical Facts Connected With the Durability of Wood
  383. 383Chap. 80 — (41.) — Varieties of the Teredo
  384. 384Chap. 81 — (42.) — The Woods Used in Building
  385. 385Chap. 82 — Carpenters’ Woods
  386. 386Chap. 83 — (43.) — Woods United With Glue
  387. 387Chap. 84 — Veneering
  388. 388Chap. 85 — (44.) — The Age of Trees. A Tree That Was Planted by the…
  389. 389Chap. 86 — Trees as Old as the City
  390. 390Chap. 87 — Trees in the Suburban Districts Older Than the City
  391. 391Chap. 88 — Trees Planted by Agamemnon the First Year of the Trojan…
  392. 392Chap. 89 — Trees Planted at Argos by Hercules: Others Planted by Ap…
  393. 393Chap. 90 — Trees Which Are the Most Short-Lived
  394. 394Chap. 91 — Trees That Have Been Rendered Famous by Remarkable Events
  395. 395Chap. 92 — Plants That Have No Peculiar Spot for Their Growth…
  396. 396Chap. 93 — Three Varieties of Mistletoe. The Nature of Mistletoe an…
  397. 397Chap. 94 — The Method of Making Birdlime
  398. 398Chap. 95 — Historical Facts Connected With the Mistletoe
  399. 399Book XVII — The Natural History of the Cultivated Trees
  400. 400Chap. 2 — (2.) — The Influence of Weather Upon the Trees: What Is t…
  401. 401Chap. 3 — What Soils Are to Be Considered the Best
  402. 402Chap. 4 — (6.) — The Eight Kinds of Earth Boasted of by the Gauls a…
  403. 403Chap. 5 — (9.) — The Employment of Ashes
  404. 404Chap. 6 — Manure
  405. 405Chap. 7 — Crops Which Tend to Improve the Land: Crops Which Exhaust It
  406. 406Chap. 8 — The Proper Mode of Using Manure
  407. 407Chap. 9 — (10.) — The Modes in Which Trees Bear
  408. 408Chap. 10 — Plants Which Are Propagated by Seed
  409. 409Chap. 11 — Trees Which Never Degenerate
  410. 410Chap. 12 — Propagation by Suckers
  411. 411Chap. 13 — Propagation by Slips and Cuttings
  412. 412Chap. 14 — Seed-Plots
  413. 413Chap. 15 — The Mode of Propagating the Elm
  414. 414Chap. 16 — The Holes for Transplanting
  415. 415Chap. 17 — (12.) — The Intervals to Be Left Between Trees
  416. 416Chap. 18 — The Nature of the Shadow Thrown by Trees
  417. 417Chap. 19 — The Droppings of Water From the Leaves
  418. 418Chap. 20 — (13.) — Trees Which Grow but Slowly: Those Which Grow Wi…
  419. 419Chap. 21 — Trees Propagated From Layers
  420. 420Chap. 22 — (14.) — Grafting: The First Discovery of It
  421. 421Chap. 23 — Inoculation or Budding
  422. 422Chap. 24 — The Various Kinds of Grafting
  423. 423Chap. 25 — Grafting the Vine
  424. 424Chap. 26 — (16) — Grafting by Scutcheons
  425. 425Chap. 27 — Plants Which Grow From a Branch
  426. 426Chap. 28 — Trees Which Grow From Cuttings; the Mode of Planting Them
  427. 427Chap. 29 — (18.) — The Cultivation of the Olive
  428. 428Chap. 30 — Transplanting Operations as Distributed Throughout the V…
  429. 429Chap. 31 — Cleaning and Baring the Roots, and Moulding Them
  430. 430Chap. 32 — (20.) — Willow-Beds
  431. 431Chap. 33 — Reed-Beds
  432. 432Chap. 34 — Other Plants That Are Cut for Poles and Stakes
  433. 433Chap. 35 — (21.) — The Culture of the Vine and the Various Shrubs W…
  434. 434Chap. 36 — How Grapes Are Protected From the Ravages of Insects
  435. 435Chap. 37 — The Diseases of Trees
  436. 436Chap. 38 — (25.) — Prodigies Connected With Trees
  437. 437Chap. 39 — (26.) — Treatment of the Diseases of Trees
  438. 438Chap. 40 — Methods of Irrigation
  439. 439Chap. 41 — Remarkable Facts Connected With Irrigation
  440. 440Chap. 42 — (27.) — Incisions Made in Trees
  441. 441Chap. 43 — Other Remedies for the Diseases of Trees
  442. 442Chap. 44 — Caprification, and Particulars Connected With the Fig
  443. 443Chap. 45 — Errors That May Be Committed in Pruning
  444. 444Chap. 46 — The Proper Mode of Manuring Trees
  445. 445Chap. 47 — Medicaments for Trees

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