Appendix III
List of Important Suffixes
I. DERIVATION OF NOUNS.
(i.) TOR (-SOR), M.
-TRIX, F. Agent or doer of an action
| ac-tor = doer, | formed from | √ag = do. |
| auc-tor = maker | „ | √aug = increase. |
| vic-tor = conqueror | „ | √vic = conquer. |
| petī-tor = candidate | „ | √pet = seek. |
| ton-sor = barber | „ | √tem = cut. |
(ii.) Abstract Nouns and Names of Actions.
-OR, -SUS (= -TUS), M.
-ĒS, -IA (-IES), -TIA (-TIES), -IŌ, -TIŌ,
-TĀS, -TŪS, -TŪDŌ, -DŌ, -GŌ, -NIA, F.
-US, -IUM, -ITIUM, -NIUM, -LIUM, -CINIUM, N.
| tĭm-or | = fear | formed from | tĭm-ere = to fear. |
| sen-sus | = feeling | „ | sent-ire = to feel. |
| sēd-ēs | = seat | „ | sĕd-ēre = to sit. |
| audāc-ia | = boldness | „ | audax = bold. |
| segnĭt-ies | = laziness | „ | segnis = lazy. |
| tristĭ-tia | = sadness | „ | tristis = sad. |
| lĕg-io | = a collecting a legion | „ | lĕg-ere = to collect. |
| sălūtā-tio | = a greeting | „ | salutare = to greet. |
| bŏnĭ-tas | = goodness | „ | bonus = good. |
| sĕnec-tūs | = age | „ | senex = old. |
| magni-tudo | = greatness | „ | magnus = great. |
| cupī-dō | = desire | „ | cupere = to desire. |
| vertī-go | = a turning giddiness | „ | vertere = to turn. |
| pĕcū-nia | = money (chattels) | „ | pecus = cattle. |
| gĕn-us | = race, birth | „ | √gen = to be born. |
| auspĭc-ium | = an omen | „ | auspex = a soothsayer. avis + spicio |
| gaud-ium | = joy | „ | gaudēre = to rejoice. |
| lā̆tro-cinium | = robbery | „ | latro = robber. |
| auxĭ-lium | = help | „ | augēre = to increase. |
(iii.) Nouns denoting acts, or means and results of acts.
-MŌNIA, F.; -MEN, -MENTUM, -MŌNIUM, N.
quĕri-monia = complaint, formed from quĕri = to complain.
ag-men =
line of march
band
formed from agere √ag = to lead.
mŏnŭ-mentum = a memorial, formed from mon-ēre = to remind.
nō-men = a name formed from √gno = to know.
(iv.) Nouns denoting means or instrument.
-BŬLUM, -CŬLUM, -BRUM, -CRUM, -TRUM, N.
| stā-bulum | = stall | formed from | stare = to stand. |
| vĕhĭ-cŭlum | = wagon | „ | vehere = to carry. |
| sĕpul-crum | = tomb | „ | sepelīre = to bury. |
| ărā-trum | = plough | „ | arāre = to plough. |
II. DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES.
(i.) Adjectives expressing diminution, and used as Diminutive Nouns.
-ŬLUS, -ŎLUS, -CŬLUS, -ELLUS, -ILLUS.
| rīv-ulus | = a streamlet | formed from | rīvus = a brook. |
| fīlĭ-olus | = a little son | „ | filius = a son. |
| mūnus-culum | = a little gift | „ | munus = a gift. |
| cōdic-illi | = writing tablets | „ | codex = a block of wood. |
| lĭb-ellus | = a little book | „ | lĭber = a book. |
(ii.) Patronymics, indicating descent or relationship.
-ADES, -ĬDES, -ĪDES, -EUS, M.
-AS, -IS, -EIS, F.
| Atlanti-adēs = Mercury Atlant-idĕs = the Pleiads | formed from | Atlas. |
| Tȳd-īdēs = Diomedes | „ | Tydeus. |
| Cissē-is = Hecuba | „ | Cisseus. |
(iii.) Adjectives meaning full of, prone to.
-ŌSUS, -LENS, -LENTUS.
| form-ōsus | = beautiful | formed from | forma = beauty. |
| pesti-lens | = pestilent | „ | pestis = plague. |
| vĭŏ-lentus | = violent | „ | vis = force. |
(iv.) Adjectives meaning provided with.
-TUS, -ĀTUS, -ĪTUS, -ŪTUS.
| fūnes-tus | = deadly | formed from | funus (funer-) = death. |
| barb-ātus | = bearded | „ | barba = a beard. |
| turr-ītus | = turreted | „ | turris = a tower. |
| corn-ūtus | = horned | „ | cornu = a horn. |
(v.) Adjectives meaning made of or belonging to, or pertaining to.
-EUS, -ĬUS, -ĀNEUS, -TĬCUS,
-ĀLIS, -ĀRIS, -ĪLIS, -ŪLIS,
-ĀNUS, -ĒNUS, -ĪNUS, -ENSIS,
-TER (-TRIS), -ESTER (-ESTRIS), -TĬMUS,
-ERNUS, -URNUS, -TURNUS (-TERNUS).
| aur-eus | = golden | formed from | aurum = gold. |
| patr-ius | = paternal | „ | pater = a father. |
| subterr-aneus | = subterranean | „ | sub terrā = underground. |
| dŏmes-ticus | = domestic | „ | domus = a house. |
| nātūr-ālis | = natural | „ | natura = nature. |
| pŏpŭl-aris | = fellow-countryman | „ | populus = a people. |
| vĕtĕr-ānus | = veteran | „ | vetus (veter-) = old. |
| sĕr-ēnus | = calm, of evening stillness | „ | serus = late. |
| dīv-īnus | = divine | „ | divus = god. |
| fŏr-ensis | = of the forum | „ | forum = a market-place. |
| lac-teus | = milky | „ | lac (lacti-) = milk. |
| subl-icius | = resting on piles | „ | sublica = a pile. |
| pălus-ter | = marshy | „ | palūs = a marsh. |
| silv-ester | = woody | „ | silva = a wood. |
| fīnĭ-timus | = neighbouring | „ | finis = a boundary. |
| ver-nus | = vernal | „ | vēr = spring. |
| dĭ-urnus | = daily | „ | dies = day. |
| diū-turnus | = lasting | „ | diū = long (time). |
(vi.) Adjectives expressing the action of the Verb as a quality or tendency.
-AX, -ĬDUS, -ŬLUS, -VUS (-UUS, -ĪVUS, -TĪVUS).
| pugn-ax | = pugnacious | formed from | pugnare = to fight. |
| cŭp-idus | = eager | „ | cupere = to desire. |
| bĭb-ulus | = thirsty (of sand etc.) | „ | bibere = to drink. |
| nŏc-uus | = hurtful | „ | nocēre = to hurt. |
| cap-tivus | = captive | „ | capere = to take. |
(vii.) Adjectives expressing passive qualities but occasionally active.
-ILIS, -BĬLIS, -ĬUS, -TĪLIS.
| frăg-ilis | = frail | formed from | frangere √frag | = to break. |
| nō-bilis | = well known | „ | noscere √gno | = to know. |
| exĭm-ius | = choice, rare | „ | eximere | = take out. |
| tex-tilis | = woven | „ | texere | = to weave. |
(viii.) Adjectives originally gerundives.
-NDUS, -BUNDUS, -CUNDUS.
| sĕcu-ndus | = second (the following) favourable | formed from | sequi = to follow. |
| mŏrĭ-bundus | = dying | „ | mori = to die. |
| fā-cundus | = eloquent | „ | fa-ri = to speak. |
III. NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES.
-ĀRIUS, denotes person employed about anything.
argent-ārius = silversmith, banker formed from argentum = silver.
-ĀRIUM, denotes place of a thing.
aer-arium = treasury formed from aes = copper.
-ĪLE denotes stall of an animal.
| bŏv-īle | = cattle-stall | formed from | bōs (bŏv-) = ox. |
| ŏv-īle | = sheep-fold | „ | ovis = sheep. |
-ĒTUM denotes place where a tree or plant grows.
querc-ētum = oak-grove formed from quercus = an oak.
IV. DERIVATION OF VERBS.
(i.) From Nouns and Adjectives.
| stĭmŭlo, -āre | = to goad, incite | formed from | stimulus = a goad. |
| nŏvo, -āre | = to renew | „ | novus = new. |
| vĭgĭlo, -āre | = to watch | „ | vigil = awake. |
| albeo, -ēre | = to be white | „ | albus = white. |
| mĕtuo, -ere | = to fear | „ | metus = fear. |
| ăcuo, -ere | = to sharpen | „ | acus = needle. |
| mōlior, -īri | = to toil | „ | moles = mass. |
| custōdio, -īre | = to guard | „ | custos (custod-) = guardian. |
(ii.) Verbs from other Verbs.
-SCO denotes the beginning of an action. (Third Conjugation.)
| lăbā-sco | = begin to totter | formed from | labo = totter. |
| mītē-sco | = grow mild | „ | mītis = mild. |
-TO, -ĬTO, (rarely -SŌ), -ESSO, denote forcible or repeated action.
| iac-to, -ăre | = hurl | formed from | iacio = throw. |
| quas-so, āre | = shatter | „ | quatio = shake. |
| făc-esso, -ĕre | = do (with energy) | „ | facio = do. |
-TŬRIO (-SŬRIO) denotes longing or wishing.
| par-turio, -īre | = produce to bring forth | formed from | pario = bring forth. |
| ē-surio (= ed-turio) = to be hungry | „ | edo = to eat. | |