Chapter X Water as Used in the Tannery
Impurities of natural water — Hardness — Soap test — Temporary hardness — Clark’s softening process — Archbutt and Deeley’s softening apparatus — Other appliances — Effect of temporary hardness in tanning and dyeing — Permanent hardness — Boiler scale — Mud — Iron — Alumina — Soda — Copper, lead, etc. — Sulphuric acid — Nitrates and Nitrites — Chlorine — Carbonic acid — Silicic acid — Effect of hardness on plumping — Peaty waters PAGE 93