Aquifoliaceae, the Holly Family
Shrubs, with alternate simple leaves and small white or greenish axillary flowers in late spring and early summer; sepals, petals, and stamens each 4-6; fruit a berry.
| 1a. Leaves entire or nearly so, 1-3 cm. long (1-2 m. tall) | Mountain Holly, Nemopanthus mucronata. |
| 1b. Leaves sharply serrate, 5-8 cm. long (2-5 m. high) (Black Alder) — 2. | |
| 2a. Leaves downy on the veins beneath; fruit red | Black Alder, Ilex verticillata. |
| 2b. Leaves nearly or quite glabrous; fruit orange | Black Alder, Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia. |