Hydrophyllaceae, the Water-leaf Family
Herbs with alternate lobed or divided leaves and regular flowers; sepals 5; petals 5, united; stamens 5, attached to the corolla-tube and projecting beyond it; ovary 1-celled.
| 1a. Leaves palmately veined and lobed (4-8 dm. high; flowers purple, early summer) | Water-leaf, Hydrophyllum canadense. |
| 1b. Leaves pinnately veined and lobed (2-6 dm. high; flowers blue or purple, varying to white) — 2. | |
| 2a. Corolla-lobes much shorter than the corolla-tube (summer) | Phacelia, Phacelia franklinii. |
| 2b. Corolla-lobes much longer than the corolla-tube (late spring and summer) (Water-leaf) — 3. | |
| 3a. Calyx with a small reflexed appendage between each pair of sepals | Water-leaf, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum. |
| 3b. Calyx without appendages | Water-leaf, Hydrophyllum virginicum. |