Platanaceae, the Plane Tree Family
Trees, with broad, palmately veined and lobed leaves, and minute flowers in dense spherical heads.
One species in Michigan Sycamore, Platanus occidentalis.
Rosaceae, the Rose Family
Trees, herbs, or shrubs, with alternate, frequently compound leaves; petals and sepals usually 5, stamens numerous, pistils 1 to many; receptacle expanded into a saucer-shape or cup-shape organ, bearing the sepals, petals, and stamens at its margin, the pistils at its center, and resembling a calyx-tube or flattened calyx.
| 1a. Shrubs or trees — 2. | |
| 1b. Herbaceous plants — 48. | |
| 2a. Leaves compound — 3. | |
| 2b. Leaves simple — 24. | |
| 3a. Flowers in large panicles or corymbs, each flower 5-10 mm. across; leaflets 7 or more — 4. | |
| 3b. Flowers solitary or in small clusters, each flower usually 20-80 mm. wide; leaflets frequently only 3 or 5 — 7. | |
| 4a. Flowers in a pyramidal or oblong panicle, the ovaries superior (1-2 m. high; flowers white, in summer) — 70b. | |
| 4b. Flowers in rounded or hemispheric clusters, the ovary inferior — 5. | |
| 5a. Leaves pubescent on the lower surface | Rowan Tree, Pyrus aucuparia. |
| 5b. Leaves glabrous beneath when mature (small trees; flowers white, in early summer or late spring) (Mountain Ash) — 6. | |
| 6a. Leaves acuminate at the apex | Mountain Ash, Pyrus americana. |
| 6b. Leaves obtuse or acute at the apex | Mountain Ash, Pyrus sitchensis. |
| 7a. Flowers yellow (5-10 dm. high; summer) | Cinquefoil, Potentilla fruticosa. |
| 7b. Flowers pink or red, rarely white, 4-10 cm. across (shrubs, 5-15 dm. high, or climbing; stems usually thorny; flowers in early summer) (Rose) — 8. | |
| 7c. Flowers white, 1-3 cm. across (4-20 dm. high; flowers in late spring) — 16. | |
| 8a. Leaflets on most of the leaves 3; styles cohering in a column which protrudes from among the stamens | Climbing Rose, Rosa setigera. |
| 8b. Leaflets 5-11; styles not cohering in a protruding column — 9. | |
| 9a. Sepals persistent on the fruit after flowering — 10. | |
| 9b. Sepals soon deciduous from the young fruit after flowering — 14. | |
| 10a. A pair of spines below each leaf larger than the other spines — 11. | |
| 10b. Spines all alike in size or nearly so, or absent completely — 12. | |
| 11a. Sepals entire | Wild Rose, Rosa woodsii. |
| 11b. Sepals pinnatifid | Dog Rose, Rosa canina. |
| 12a. Stems with few thorns or none at all | Wild Rose, Rosa blanda. |
| 12b. Stems prickly — 13. | |
| 13a. Fruit somewhat pear-shape, narrowed toward the base. | Wild Rose, Rosa acicularis. |
| 13b. Fruit globose, rounded at the base | Wild Rose, Rosa acicularis var. bourgeauiana. |
| 14a. The pair of spines at the base of each leaf straight or nearly so | Wild Rose, Rosa humilis. |
| 14b. The pair of spines at the base of each leaf distinctly recurved or hooked — 15. | |
| 15a. Leaves densely glandular-pubescent beneath | Sweetbrier, Rosa rubiginosa. |
| 15b. Leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent | Swamp Rose, Rosa carolina. |
| 16a. Stems trailing or creeping — 17. | |
| 16b. Stems erect, ascending, or arched — 19. | |
| 17a. Stems distinctly shrubby and thorny (Dewberry) — 18. | |
| 17b. Stems almost herbaceous, without thorns | Dwarf Raspberry, Rubus triflorus. |
| 18a. Leaves thin, dull above; fruit black, large and juicy | Dewberry, Rubus villosus. |
| 18b. Leaves firm or thick, shining above; fruit reddish, small, consisting of a few sour drupelets | Swamp Dewberry, Rubus hispidus. |
| 19a. Ripe fruit dropping away from the white receptacle or core; terminal leaflet of each leaf with a long stalk, while the lateral leaflets are sessile or nearly so (Raspberry) — 20. | |
| 19b. Ripe fruit and receptacle or core dropping together; all the leaflets on stalks which are approximately equal in length (Blackberry) — 22. | |
| 20a. Stem very glaucous with a whitish or bluish waxy deposit; fruit black | Black Raspberry, Rubus occidentalis. |
| 20b. Stem not glaucous; fruit red — 21. | |
| 21a. Calyx velvety-pubescent | Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus. |
| 21b. Calyx bristly-hispid | Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus var. aculeatissimus. |
| 22a. Pedicels with gland-tipped hairs, but no prickles | Blackberry, Rubus allegheniensis. |
| 22b. Pedicels with prickles | Blackberry, Rubus nigricans. |
| 22c. Pedicels with neither prickles nor gland-tipped hairs — 23. | |
| 23a. Leaves downy beneath | Blackberry, Rubus frondosus. |
| 23b. Leaves smooth beneath | Blackberry, Rubus canadensis. |
| 24a. Ovaries 1 or more, superior (attached to the surface of the receptacle, but not concealed within it or united to it) — 25. | |
| 24b. Ovary 1, inferior (permanently enclosed within the receptacle, with only the styles protruding) — 38. | |
| 25a. Ovaries more than 1 — 26. | |
| 25b. Ovary 1 — 30. | |
| 26a. Leaves serrate — 27. | |
| 26b. Leaves lobed — 28. | |
| 27a. Leaves glabrous or very nearly so (8-20 dm. high; flowers white or pinkish, summer) | Meadow-sweet, Spiraea salicifolia. |
| 27b. Leaves closely pubescent beneath (5-15 dm. high; flowers pink, summer) | Hardhack, Spiraea tomentosa. |
| 28a. Flowers showy, purple or white, 3-4 cm. broad — 29. | |
| 28b. Flowers white, about 1 cm. wide (1-3 m. high; flowers in early summer) | Ninebark, Physocarpus opulifolius. |
| 29a. Flowers purple | Flowering Raspberry, Rubus odoratus. |
| 29b. Flowers white | Salmonberry, Rubus parviflorus. |
| 30a. Flowers in racemes (trees or tall shrubs; flowers white, in late spring) — 31. | |
| 30b. Flowers in small umbels or corymbs (flowers white, in spring) — 32. | |
| 31a. Leaves oblong, the points of their teeth incurved | Black Cherry, Prunus serotina. |
| 31b. Leaves obovate, the points of their teeth spreading | Choke Cherry, Prunus virginiana. |
| 32a. Flowers about 1 cm. wide — 33. | |
| 32b. Flowers about 1.5-2.5 cm. wide — 36. | |
| 33a. Low shrubs, with the spatulate or oblong leaves widest above the middle — 34. | |
| 33b. Erect tall shrubs or small trees, with the leaves widest below the middle — 35. | |
| 34a. An erect shrub (5-10 dm. high) | Appalachian Cherry, Prunus cuneata. |
| 34b. A prostrate or ascending shrub (3-15 dm. high) | Sand Cherry, Prunus pumila. |
| 35a. Leaves very broadly ovate, almost as wide as long (small tree) | Perfumed Cherry, Prunus mahaleb. |
| 35b. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 3 times as long as broad (shrub or small tree, 2-10 m. high) | Pin Cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica. |
| 36a. Sepals glandular-serrate (tall shrub or small tree) | Wild Plum, Prunus nigra. |
| 36b. Sepals entire — 37. | |
| 37a. Leaves with sharp teeth, frequently bristle-tipped; a native species (tall shrub or small tree, frequently growing in thickets) | Wild Plum, Prunus americana. |
| 37b. Leaves with obtuse teeth; a species escaped from cultivation (widely branched tree) | Cherry, Prunus cerasus. |
| 38a. Trees, in cultivation or escaped from cultivation near roads or dwellings, with showy flowers 2.5-5 cm. across, edible fruits, and no thorns (spring) — 39. | |
| 38b. Native species, trees or shrubs, growing in woods, fields, or thickets; frequently with thorns (spring) — 40. | |
| 39a. Leaves finely serrulate or entire | Pear, Pyrus communis. |
| 39b. Leaves coarsely serrate or somewhat lobed | Apple, Pyrus malus. |
| 40a. Shrubs or small trees, without thorns — 42. | |
| 40b. Bushy trees or shrubs, with thorns or stiff thorn-like branches, and with flowers generally 1.5-2.5 cm. across — 41. | |
| 41a. Flowers pink, very fragrant | Wild Crab, Pyrus coronaria. |
| 41b. Flowers white (Hawthorn, the genus Crataegus). Several species of this genus occur in the state, for the identification of which the Manual must be used. | |
| 42a. Mid-vein glandular above (shrubs 1-3 m. tall; flowers white or pink) (Chokeberry) — 43. | |
| 42b. Mid-vein not glandular (shrubs or trees, 1-10 m. tall; flowers white) (Juneberry) — 44. | |
| 43a. Leaves glabrous beneath | Chokeberry, Pyrus melanocarpa. |
| 43b. Leaves tomentose beneath | Chokeberry, Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea. |
| 44a. Petals 15-25 mm. long — 45. | |
| 44b. Petals 5-12 mm. long — 46. | |
| 45a. Mature leaves glabrous | Juneberry, Amelanchier canadensis. |
| 45b. Mature leaves pubescent beneath | Juneberry, Amelanchier canadensis var. botryapium. |
| 46a. Flowers in racemes — 47. | |
| 46b. Flowers solitary, or in small clusters of 2-4 | Juneberry, Amelanchier oligocarpa. |
| 47a. Leaves coarsely dentate, with about 1 tooth for each lateral vein | Juneberry, Amelanchier spicata. |
| 47b. Leaves finely serrate, with about 2-3 teeth for each lateral vein | Juneberry, Amelanchier oblongifolia. |
| 48a. Flowers yellow — 49. | |
| 48b. Flowers white, pink, purple, or rose, never yellow — 63. | |
| 49a. Plant with basal trifoliate leaves, resembling strawberry (1-3 dm. high; late spring) | Barren Strawberry, Waldsteinia fragarioides. |
| 49b. Plants with leafy stems — 50. | |
| 50a. Flowers solitary in the axils of foliage leaves, on long peduncles (trailing or creeping plants; flowers in late spring and summer) — 51. | |
| 50b. Flowers in narrow terminal spike-like racemes (3-8 dm. high; summer) (Agrimony) — 52. | |
| 50c. Flowers in irregular or spreading clusters — 55. | |
| 51a. Leaflets 5 | Five-finger, Potentilla canadensis. |
| 51b. Leaflets 7-25 | Silver Weed, Potentilla anserina. |
| 52a. Principal leaflets more than 3 times (about 3-1/2) as long as wide | Agrimony, Agrimonia parviflora. |
| 52b. Principal leaflets less than 3 times (about 2-1/2) as long as wide — 53. | |
| 53a. Leaves nearly glabrous beneath, or with scattered spreading hairs | Agrimony, Agrimonia gryposepala. |
| 53b. Leaves softly pubescent beneath — 54. | |
| 54a. Leaves distinctly glandular beneath | Agrimony, Agrimonia striata. |
| 54b. Leaves not glandular beneath | Agrimony, Agrimonia mollis. |
| 55a. Principal leaves palmately compound with 5-7 leaflets (Cinquefoil) — 56. | |
| 55b. Principal stem-leaves with 3 leaflets, or pinnately compound with several leaflets — 58. | |
| 56a. Leaves silvery-white beneath, laciniately toothed (1-4 dm. high; late spring and summer) | Silvery Cinquefoil, Potentilla argentea. |
| 56b. Leaves not silvery-white beneath (3-10 dm. high; summer) — 57. | |
| 57a. Terminal leaflet more than 3 times as long as wide | Cinquefoil, Potentilla recta. |
| 57b. Terminal leaflet less than 3 times as long as wide | Cinquefoil, Potentilla intermedia |
| 58a. Flowers about 4 mm. wide (2-6 dm. high; spring) | Spring Avens, Geum vernum. |
| 58b. Flowers 6 mm. wide, or wider — 59. | |
| 59a. Principal leaves with lobed leaflets, of which the terminal is the largest; leaf-axis bearing also some small leaflets between those of usual size (4-12 dm. high; late spring and summer) (Avens) — 60. | |
| 59b. Principal leaves with toothed or pinnately cleft leaflets, the lateral ones about equaling the terminal one in size, and without any small scattered leaflets (3-8 dm. tall; summer) (Cinquefoil) — 61. | |
| 60a. Terminal leaflet cordate at base | Avens, Geum macrophyllum. |
| 60b. Terminal leaflet wedge-shape or acute at base | Avens, Geum strictum. |
| 61a. Leaflets 3 | Cinquefoil, Potentilla monspeliensis. |
| 61b. Leaflets 5-15 — 62. | |
| 62a. Leaflets crenate | Cinquefoil, Potentilla paradoxa. |
| 62b. Leaflets deeply incised | Cinquefoil, Potentilla pennsylvanica. |
| 63a. Leaves all basal, the flowers on leafless stalks — 64. | |
| 63b. Stem-leaves present — 66. | |
| 64a. Leaves simple (1-2 dm. high; summer) | Dalibarda, Dalibarda repens. |
| 64b. Leaves trifoliate (1-2 dm. high; spring) (Strawberry) — 65. | |
| 65a. Leaflets thick and firm, the petioles and pedicels pubescent with spreading or ascending hairs; fruit subglobose, the achenes embedded in pits on its surface | Strawberry, Fragaria virginiana. |
| 65b. Leaflets thin, the petioles and pedicels nearly glabrous or with appressed hairs; fruit conic, the achenes on its surface | Wood Strawberry, Fragaria americana. |
| 66a. Leaves pinnate with numerous leaflets — 67. | |
| 66b. Stem-leaves with 3-5 leaflets — 72. | |
| 67a. Leaflets laciniate or deeply lobed (flowers pink or purple, early summer) — 68. | |
| 67b. Leaflets merely toothed — 69. | |
| 68a. Stem-leaves few, small and opposite (2-4 dm. tall) | Purple Avens, Geum triflorum. |
| 68b. Stem-leaves large and alternate (5-20 dm. tall) | Queen of the Prairie, Filipendula rubra. |
| 69a. Individual flowers small, not exceeding 6 mm. across, in large clusters or spikes — 70. | |
| 69b. Individual flowers more than 10 mm. wide, in few-flowered clusters (Cinquefoil) — 71. | |
| 70a. Flowers in dense spikes (5-15 dm. high; late summer) | Burnet, Sanguisorba canadensis. |
| 70b. Flowers in panicles | Sorbaria, Sorbaria sorbifolia. |
| 71a. Flowers red or purple (3-6 dm. high; summer) | Marsh Cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris. |
| 71b. Flowers white (5-10 dm. high; early summer) | Cinquefoil, Potentilla arguta. |
| 72a. Pistils 5 (5-10 dm. high; flowers white or pink, early summer) — 73. | |
| 72b. Pistils 10, in a ring (flowers pink or purple) — 68b. | |
| 72c. Pistils numerous, in a head or close group — 74. | |
| 73a. Stipules linear or subulate, 5-8 mm. long | Bowman’s Root, Gillenia trifoliata. |
| 73b. Stipules leaf-like, 10-25 mm. long, serrate | American Ipecac, Gillenia stipulata. |
| 74a. Flowers red or purple — 75. | |
| 74b. Flowers white — 76. | |
| 75a. Leaflets sharply and irregularly toothed or lobed; petals erect, narrowed at the base (3-9 dm. high; early summer) | Purple Avens, Geum rivale. |
| 75b. Leaflets finely and regularly toothed, oblong; petals spreading — 71a. | |
| 76a. Leaflets entire below, 3-toothed at the apex (1-3 dm. high; summer) | Cinquefoil, Potentilla tridentata. |
| 76b. Leaflets toothed all around the margin — 77. | |
| 77a. Leaves all trifoliate (2-5 dm. high; late spring) — 17b. | |
| 77b. Some of the upper leaves merely lobed or dentate (5-8 dm. high) (Avens) — 78. | |
| 78a. Stem bristly-hairy (early summer) | Avens, Geum virginianum. |
| 78b. Stem softly and finely pubescent (summer) | Avens, Geum canadense. |