Chapter XII Prepositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs
§ 1. Prepositions are of two kinds, simple and compound. Simple prepositions govern various states of the initial. Compound prepositions, when, as is generally the case, they are made up of a simple preposition and a noun, govern the first state, for the noun which follows is really in the appositional genitive. If a compound preposition govern a personal pronoun, the latter is often placed, in its possessive form, between the two component parts of the preposition, governing the initial of the noun-half of it. Sometimes, however, the second part of a compound preposition is a simple preposition, and in that case the government is that of the last preposition of the compound.
Simple Prepositions.
a, of, from, governs second state.
avel, vel, like, as.
bis, up to, as far as (usque ad).
dadn or en dadn, under.
der, dre, by, through, governs second state.
dres, over, beyond, above.
dhô, to, governs second state.
en, edn, et, in. 149
er, see war.
gan, gans, with, by.
heb, without, governs second state.
kens, before (of time).
lebmen, lemmen, except, but.
ŏja, wŏja, after (older form, wose).
rag, for, because of.
re, by (in swearing), governs second state.
reb, by, near, beside.
saw, save, except, but.
treba, tereba, until.
troha, towards.
tewa (tewaha, tyha, tîgh), towards.
war, on, upon (also er), governs second state.
worth, orth, at, to, against.
Compound Prepositions.
adres, across, beyond.
adro dhô, drodho, about, concerning, govern second state.
abarth, abarh, beside, on the side of.
aberth, aberh, within, inside of.
adheller dhô, dheller dhô (originally a dhellergh), behind, governs second state.
a dhirag, dhirag, before, in the presence of.
adheworth, dheworth, dhŏrt, from.
ajŷ, ’jŷ, within (a+chy, house), generally followed by dhô, governing the second state.
a eugh, above, over.
a mes, a ves, mes, en mes, out of.
a mesk, mesk, en mesk, among.
a wos, because of, for the sake of.
entre, among.
erbidn or erbyn, warbidn, against.
herwedh, according to.
marnas, except, but.
rag carenja, for the sake of.
warlergh, after.
ogastî dhô, near to (ogastî ogas, near, tî=tew, side).
Of these abarth, a mesk or en mesk, erbidn, rag carenja, and warlergh, are separable when they govern pronouns. Thus:—
a ’gan parth, beside us.
en agas mesk, among you.
er ow fyn, against me.
rag dha garenja, for thy sake.
war e lergh, after him.