| The Garden of Eden with its Four Rivers |
| From the Hereford Map of the World. |
| Babylonian Map of the World on Clay |
| In the British Museum. |
| The oldest known Ships: between 6000 and 5000 B.C. |
| From a pre-Egyptian Vase-painting. |
| Egyptian Ship of the Expedition to Punt, about 1600 B.C. |
| From a Rock-carving at Der el Bahari. |
| The Ark on Ararat, and the Cities of Nineveh and Babylon |
| From Leonardo Dati’s Map of 1422. |
| A Phoenician Ship, about 700 B.C. |
| From a Bas-relief at Nineveh. |
| Map of the Voyage of the Argonauts |
| The Pillars of Hercules, as shown in a Mediæval Map |
| Higden’s Map of the World. 1360 A.D. |
| The Pillars of Hercules, as shown in the Anglo-Saxon Map of the World, 10th century |
| A Greek Galley, about 500 B.C. |
| From a Vase-painting. |
| Jerusalem, the Centre of the World |
| From the Hereford Map of the World, 13th century. |
| A Merchant-Ship of Athens, about 500 B.C. |
| From a Vase-painting. |
| The Coast of Africa, after Ptolemy (Mercator’s Edition), showing Hanno’s Voyage |
| A Sketch Map of Alexander’s Chief Exploratory Marches from Athens to Hyderabad and Gaza |
| Alexandria in Pizzigani’s Map, 14th century |
| North Britain and the Island of Thule |
| From Mercator’s edition of Ptolemy’s Map. |
| A Portion of an old Roman Map of the World, showing the roads through the Empire |
| From the Peutinger Table. |
| The World-Island according to Strabo, 18 A.D. |
| Hull of a Roman Merchant-Ship |
| From a Roman model at Greenwich. |
| A Roman Galley, about 110 A.D. |
| From Trajan’s Column at Rome. |
| The First Stages of a Mediæval Pilgrimage, London to Dover |
| From MATTHEW OF Paris’s Itinerary, 13th century. |
| Jerusalem and the East |
| From MATTHEW OF Paris’s Itinerary, 13th century. |
| Ireland and St. Brandon’s Isle |
| From the Catalan Map, 1375. |
| The Mysterious Isle of St. Brandon |
| From Martin Behaim’s Map, 1492. |
| The World-Map of Cosmas, 6th century |
| The oldest Christian Map. |
| The Mountain of Cosmas |
| A Viking Ship |
| From Professor Montelius’s book on Scandinavian archæology. |
| A Khalif on his Throne |
| From the Ancona Map, 1497. |
| A Chinese Emperor giving Audience, 9th century |
| From an old Chinese MS. at Paris. |
| The Scene of Sindbad’s Voyages |
| From Edrisi’s Map, 1154. |
| Sindbad’s Giant Roc |
| From an Oriental Miniature Painting. |
| Jerusalem and the Pilgrims’ Ways to it, 12th century |
| From a Map of the 12th century at Brussels. |
| Two Emperors of Tartary |
| From the Catalan Map, 1375. |
| A Tartar Camp |
| From the Borgian Map, 1453. |
| Initial Letter from the MS. of Rubruquis at Cambridge |
| How the Brothers Polo set out from Constantinople with their nephew Marco for China |
| From a Miniature Painting in 14th century Livre des Merveilles. |
| Marco Polo lands at Ormuz |
| From a Miniature in the Livre des Merveilles. |
| Kublai Khan |
| From an old Chinese Encyclopædia at Paris. |
| Marco Polo |
| From a Woodcut in the first printed edition of Marco Polo’s Travels, 1477. |
| A Japanese Fight against the Chinese at the time when Marco Polo first saw the Japanese |
| From an ancient Japanese Painting. |
| Sir John Mandeville on his Travels |
| From a MS. in the British Museum. |
| An Emperor of Tartary |
| From the Map ascribed to Sebastian Cabot, 1544. |
| A Caravan in Cathay |
| From the Catalan Map, 1375. |
| The Turin Map of the World, 8th century |
| A T-map, 10th century |
| A T-map, 13th century |
| The Kaiser holding the World |
| From a 12th-century MS. |
| The “Anglo-Saxon” Map of the World, drawn about 990 A.D. |
| From the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. |
| Africa—from Ceuta to Madeira |
| From Fra Mauro’s Map, 1457. |
| The Voyage to Cape Blanco from Cape Bojador |
| From Fra Mauro’s Map, 1457. |
| A Portion of Africa illustrating Cadamosto’s Voyage beyond Cape Blanco |
| From Fra Mauro’s Map, 1457. |
| Sketch of Africa |
| From Fra Mauro’s Map of the World, 1457. |
| Negro Boys |
| From Cabot’s Map, 1544. |
| The West Coast of Africa |
| From Martin Behaim’s Map, 1492. |
| The Parting of Columbus with Ferdinand and Isabella, 3rd August 1492 |
| From De Bry’s account of the Voyages to India, 1601. |
| Columbus’s Ship, the Santa Maria |
| From a Woodcut of 1493, supposed to be after a Drawing by Columbus. |
| Columbus landing on Hispaniola |
| From a Woodcut of 1494. |
| The first Representation of the People of the New World |
| From a Woodcut published at Augsburg between 1497 and 1504. |
| The Town of Isabella and the Colony founded by Columbus |
| From a Woodcut of 1494. |
| Vasco da Gama |
| From a contemporary Portrait. |
| Africa as it was known after da Gama’s Expeditions |
| From JUAN DE LA Cosa’s Map of 1500. |
| Calicut and the Southern Indian Coast |
| From JUAN DE LA Cosa’s Map, 1500. |
| The Malabar Coast |
| From Fra Mauro’s Map. |
| A Ship of Albuquerque’s Fleet |
| From a very fine Woodcut in the British Museum. |
| A Ship of Java and the China Seas in the 16th century |
| From Linschoten’s Navigatio ac Itinerarium, 1598. |
| One of the first Maps of the Pacific |
| From Diego Ribero’s Map, 1529. |
| Magellan’s Fleet |
| From Mercator’s Mappe Monde, 1569. |
| A Ship of the 16th century |
| From Amoretti’s translation of Magellan’s Voyage round the World. |
| “Hondius his Map of the Magellan Streight” |
| From a Map by Jodocus Hondius, about 1590. |
| The first Ship that sailed round the World |
| Magellan’s Victoria, from Hulsius’s Collection of Voyages, 1602. |
| Hernando Cortes, Conqueror of Mexico |
| After the original Portrait at Mexico. |
| The Battles of the Spaniards in Mexico |
| From an ancient Aztec Drawing. |
| Pizarro |
| From the Portrait at Cuzco. |
| Peru and South America |
| From the Map of the World, 1544, usually ascribed to Sebastian Cabot. |
| Peruvian Warriors of the Inca Period |
| From an ancient Peruvian Painting. |
| Part of North America, showing Sebastian Cabot’s Voyage to Newfoundland |
| From the Map of 1544, usually ascribed to Cabot. |
| Jacques Cartier |
| From an old Pen-drawing at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. |
| Canada and the River St. Lawrence, showing Quebec |
| From Lescarbot’s Histoire de la Nouvelle France, 1609. |
| New France, showing Newfoundland, Labrador, and the St. Lawrence |
| From JOCOMO DI Gastaldi’s Map, about 1550. |
| Ivan Vasiliwich, King of Muscovie |
| From an old Woodcut. |
| Anthony Jenkinson’s Map of Russia, Muscovy, and Tartary |
| Published in 1562. |
| Greenlanders as seen by Martin Frobisher |
| From Captain Beste’s Account of Frobisher’s Voyages, 1578. |
| Sir Francis Drake |
| From Holland’s Heroologia, 1620. |
| The Silver Map of the World |
| From Medallion in British Museum. |
| The Silver Map of the World |
| From Medallion in British Museum. |
| The Golden Hind at New Albion |
| From the Chart of Drake’s Voyages. |
| The Golden Hind at Java |
| From the Chart of Drake’s Voyages. |
| An Eskimo |
| From a Water-colour Drawing by John White, about 1585. |
| A Ship of the late 16th century |
| From Ortelius, 1598. |
| Nova Zembla and the Arctic Regions |
| From a Map in De Bry’s Grands Voyages, 1598. |
| Barents in the Arctic—“Hut wherein we wintered” |
| From De Veer’s Account of the Voyages of Barents, 1598. |
| Hudson’s Map of his Voyages in the Arctic |
| From his Book published in 1612. |
| A Ship of Hudson’s Fleet |
| From his Voyages, 1612. |
| Baffin’s Map of his Voyages to the North |
| From original MS., drawn by Baffin, in the British Museum. |
| Sir Walter Raleigh |
| Raleigh’s Map of Guinea, El Dorado, and the Orinoco Coast |
| From the original Map, drawn by Raleigh, in British Museum. |
| The first Settlement at Quebec |
| From Champlain’s Voyages, 1613. |
| The Defeat of the Iroquois by Champlain |
| From a Drawing in Champlain’s Voyages, 1613. |
| An early Map of “Terra Australis” called “Java la Grande” |
| From the “Dauphin” Map of 1546. |
| The Wreck of Captain Pelsart’s Ship, the Batavia, on the Coast of New Holland |
| From the Dutch account of Pelsart’s Voyages, 1647. |
| Van Diemen’s Land and two of Tasman’s Ships |
| From the Map drawn by Tasman in his “Journal.” |
| Dampier’s Ship, the Cygnet |
| From a Drawing in the Dutch edition of his Voyage Round the World, 1698. |
| Dampier’s Strait and the Island of New Britain |
| From a Map in Dampier’s Voyages, 1697. |
| Chart of Behring’s Voyage from Kamtchatka to North America |
| From a Chart drawn in 1741 by Lieut. Waxell. |
| The Island of Otaheite, or St. George |
| From a Painting by William Hodges. |
| A Maori Fort on the Coast between Poverty Bay and Cape Turnagain |
| From an Engraving in the Atlas to Cook’s first Voyage. |
| Captain Cook’s Vessel beached at the Entrance of Endeavour River |
| From an Engraving in the Atlas to Cook’s first Voyage. |
| Captain James Cook |
| From the Painting by Dance in the Gallery of Greenwich Hospital. |
| Port Jackson and Sydney Cove |
| From the Atlas to the Voyage de l’Astrolabe. |
| A Nile Boat, or Canja |
| From Bruce’s Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. |
| An Arab Sheikh |
| From Bruce’s Travels. |
| The Camp of Ali, the Mohammedan Chief, at Benown |
| From a Sketch by Mungo Park. |
| Kamalia, a Native Village near the Southern Course of the Niger |
| From a Sketch by Mungo Park. |
| A Native Woman washing Gold in Senegal |
| From a Sketch by Mungo Park, made on his last expedition. |
| Vancouver’s Ship, the Discovery, on the Rocks in Queen Charlotte’s Sound |
| From a Drawing in Vancouver’s Voyage, 1798. |
| Parry’s Ships, the Hecla and Griper, in Winter Harbour |
| From a Drawing in Parry’s Voyage for the North-West Passage, 1821. |
| The North Shore of Lancaster Sound |
| From a Drawing in Parry’s Voyage for the North-West Passage, 1821. |
| A Winter View of Fort Enterprise |
| From a Drawing, by William Back, in Franklin’s Journey to the Polar Sea, 1823. |
| Franklin’s Expedition to the Polar Sea on the Ice |
| From a Drawing, by William Back, in Franklin’s Journey to the Polar Sea, 1823. |
| An Eskimo watching a Seal Hole |
| From a Drawing in Parry’s Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1824. |
| Fort Franklin, on the Great Bear Lake, in the Winter |
| From a Drawing in Franklin’s Second Expedition to the Polar Sea, 1828. |
| Franklin’s Expedition crossing Back’s Inlet |
| From a Drawing, by Lieut. Back, in Franklin’s Second Expedition to the Polar Sea, 1828. |
| The Boats of Parry’s Expedition hauled up on the Ice for the Night |
| From a Drawing in Parry’s Attempt to Reach the North Pole, 1828. |
| Major Denham and his Party received by the Sheikh of Bornu |
| From a Drawing by Major Denham. |
| The first European Picture of Timbuktu |
| From a Drawing in CAILLÉ’S Tomboctou, 1829. |
| Richard and John Lander paddling down the Niger |
| From a Drawing in the account of Lander’s Travels, 1835. |
| The Rosses on their Journey to the North Magnetic Pole |
| From a Drawing in Ross’s Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1835. |
| “Somerset House,” Ross’s Winter Quarters on Fury Beach |
| From a Drawing in Ross’s Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1835. |
| Matthew Flinders |
| Cape Catastrophe |
| From Flinders’ Voyages. |
| The Huts of the Crew of the Porpoise on the Sandbank, Wreck Reef |
| From Flinders’ Voyages. |
| Captain Sturt at the Junction of the Rivers Darling and Murray |
| From the Narrative of Sturt’s Expedition. |
| The Burke and Wills Expedition leaving Melbourne, 1860 |
| From a Drawing by William Strutt, an acquaintance of Burke. |
| Burke and Wills at Cooper’s Creek |
| From a Woodcut in a contemporary Australian account of the expedition. |
| Part of the Great Southern Ice Barrier |
| From Ross’s Voyage in the Antarctic Regions. |
| Eskimos at Cape York watching the approach of the Fox |
| From McClintock’s Voyage in Search of Franklin. |
| The Three Graves on Beechey Island |
| From McClintock’s Voyage in Search of Franklin. |
| Exploring Parties starting from the Fox |
| From McClintock’s Voyage in Search of Franklin. |
| Livingstone, with his Wife and Family, at the Discovery of Lake Ngami |
| From Livingstone’s Missionary Travels. |
| The “Smoke” of the Zambesi (Victoria) Falls |
| After a Drawing in Livingstone’s Missionary Travels. |
| Burton in a Dug-out on Lake Tanganyika |
| After a Drawing by Burton. |
| Burton and his Companions on the march to Victoria Nyanza |
| From a Humorous Sketch by Burton. |
| The Ma-Robert on the Zambesi |
| After a Drawing in Livingstone’s Expedition to the Zambesi. |
| M’tesa, King of Uganda |
| From Speke’s Journey to Discover the Source of the Nile. |
| The Ripon Falls on the Victoria Nyanza |
| From Speke’s Journey to Discover the Source of the Nile. |
| Captains Speke and Grant |
| Baker and his Wife crossing the Nubian Desert |
| From Baker’s Travels. |
| Baker’s Boat in a Storm on Lake Albert Nyanza |
| From Baker’s Albert Nyanza. |
| The Discovery of Lake Bangweolo, 1868 |
| From Livingstone’s Last Journals, by permission of Mr. John Murray. |
| Livingstone at Work on his Journal |
| From a Sketch by H. M. Stanley. |
| Livingstone entering the Hut at Ilala on the Night that he Died |
| From Livingstone’s Last Journals, by permission of Mr. John Murray. |
| The last Entries in Livingstone’s Diary |
| Susi, Livingstone’s Servant |
| From a Sketch by H. M. Stanley. |
| Stanley and his Men marching through Unyoro |
| From a Sketch, by Stanley, in Through the Dark Continent. |
| “Towards the Unknown”: Stanley’s Canoes starting from Vinya Njara |
| From Through the Dark Continent. |
| The Seventh Cataract—Stanley Falls |
| From Through the Dark Continent. |
| The Fight below the Confluence of the Aruwimi and Livingstone Rivers |
| From a Sketch, by Stanley, in Through the Dark Continent. |
| Nordenskiöld’s Ship, the Vega, saluting Cape Chelyuskin |
| From a Drawing in Hovgaard’s Nordenskiöld’s Voyage. |
| Menka, Chief of the Chukches |
| The Vega frozen in for the Winter |
| From a Drawing in Hovgaard’s Nordenskiöld’s Voyage. |
| The Potala at Lhasa |
| From Kircher’s China Illustrata. |
| Dr. Nansen |
| After a Photograph. |
| The Ship that went Farthest North: the Fram |
| From a Photograph. |