§ 4 Vibrations of Rods Free at Both Ends
Rods with both ends free are also capable of vibrating longitudinally, and producing musical tones. The investigation of this subject will lead us to exceedingly important results. Clasping a long glass tube exactly at its centre, and passing a wetted cloth over one of its halves, a clear musical sound is the result. A solid glass rod of the same length would yield the same note. In this case the centre of the tube is a node, and the two halves elongate and shorten in quick alternation. M. König, of Paris, has provided us with an instrument which will illustrate this action. A rod of brass, a b, Fig. 85, is held at its centre by the clamp s, while an ivory ball, suspended by two strings from the points, m and n, of a wooden frame, is caused to rest against the end, b, of the brass rod. Drawing gently a bit of resined leather over the rod near a, it is thrown into longitudinal vibration. The centre, s, is a node; but the uneasiness of the ivory ball shows you that the end, b, is in a state of tremor. I apply the rubber still more briskly. The ball, b, rattles, and now the vibration is so intense that the ball is rejected with violence whenever it comes into contact with the end of the rod.