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‹Better GutenbergThe Song of SongsSection VIII โ€” Exegetical Helps · 9 of 14Contents›

The Song of Songs

by Christian D. Ginsburg

9 of 14 · Contents · Download EPUB

Section VIII Exegetical Helps

Ancient Versions

1. The Septuagint, being the oldest version, occupies the first place; its deviations from the Hebrew have generally been noticed in the Commentary.

2. The Vulgate, which chiefly follows the Septuagint.

3. The Syriac, which is far superior to the Vulgate.

Jewish Commentators

4. Rashi, found in Buxtorfโ€™s Rabbinical Bible.

5. Rashbam, recently printed for the first time.

6. Ibn Ezra; found in Rabbinical Bible.

7. Immanuel, MS. in the British Museum.

8. An Anonymous MS. Commentary in the Bodleian.

9. Philippson, an excellent modern commentator.

Christian Commentators

10. Wilcock, an old writer.

11. Bishop Lowth, Praelect. xxx., xxxi.

12. Bishop Percy, Commentary and Annotations.

13. Michaelis, Notes to Bishop Lowthโ€™s Praelect.

14. Jacobi, Das Gerettete Hohelied.

15. Durell, Critical Remarks on Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles.

16. Williams, The Song of Songs.

17. Good, The Song of Songs.

18. Umbreit, Lied der Liebe.

19. Ewald, Das Hohe Lied Salomonis, &c.

20. Dรถpke, Philologisch-critischer Comment.

21. Rosenmรผller, Scholia in Vet. Test.

22. Hirzel, Das Lied der Lieder.

23. Magnus, Kritische Bearbeitung und Erklรคrung des Hohen Liedes.

24. Noyes, A New Translation of the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Canticles.

25. Heligstedtโ€™s Continuation of Maurerโ€™s Commentary, which, by an oversight, is omitted in the Historical Sketch, deserves special mention: Leipzig, 1847.

26. Delitzsch, Das Hohe Lied untersucht und ausgelegt.

27. Hengstenberg, Das Hohe Lied Salomonis.

28. Meier, Das Hohe Lied in deutscher Uebersetzung.

29. Friedrich, Cantici Canticorum.

30. Hitzig, 16th Lief. des Kurzg. Exeg. Handb.

For a further description of the dates and places of these commentaries, see the Historical Sketch.

โ€ืžืฉื›ื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื™ืฉืจ๏ฌกืœ ื‘ื™ืจ๏ฌกืช ืงื‘ ืณื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืขืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืฉื” ื›ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ื‘ื™ ืณื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืžื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืโ€Ž

โ€ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื ๏ฌกื•ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ื ืื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืขื•ื ื ื‘ืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ ืื™ืฉ ืจืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืข ืณื– ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœื›ืคืจ ื—ื˜ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›, ืืชื” ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกืชืจ ื•ืื ื™ ๏ฌกืขืฉื” ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื ืื ืžืจ ื•ื™ืžื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืฉื‘โ€Ž

โ€ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ื›ื— ืื• ื‘ืคืขืœ, ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื—ื˜ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœืจืข, ื‘ืืžืจื• ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ืŸ ืžืงื“ื ื•ื™ืฉื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ ื•ื™ืฆืžื— ื”ืณ ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืžืจืื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืื›ืœ ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ืŸ ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ื•ื”ืจืฉื”ื• ื™ืดืช ื•ืฆื•ื”ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื’ืŸ, ื•ื™ื•ืจื”ื• ื”ืณ ืขืฅ ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืื›ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืคืŸ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื• ื•ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข ืœื ืชืื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื›ืœืš ืžืžื ื• ืžื•ืช ืชืžื•ืช ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื›ืœ ื•ื—ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื ืคืฆืข ื•ื‘ืœื ืคื’ืข ืจืข ื‘ืืžืจื• ืจืื” ื ืชืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืจืข ื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื—ื™ื” ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื•ื™ืจื ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืจื“ ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืกื•ื‘ ื“ืžื” ืœืš ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœืฆื‘ื™ ืื• ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชืจ ื•ืืžืจื• ืื—ื–ื• ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืขืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืจืžื™ื ื•ื›ืจืžื™ื ื• ืกืžื“ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืชื‘ืฉืœื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืจืขื™ื” ื”ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื›ืœื” ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืืžืจื” ื‘ืฆืœื• ื—ืžื“ืชื™ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืคืจื™ื• ืžืชื•ืงื™ ืœื—ืงื™ ื”ื•ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื—ืฉืงื” ื•ื”ืขื“ ื—ืžื“ืชื™ ื•ื˜ืขื ืคืจื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ืžื•ืกืจื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื ืขืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืžื™ืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืจ ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจื ื”ืณ ื•ืกืจ ืžืจืข ื•ื™ื•ืจืข ื”ืฉื ื™ืดืช ื“ืจืš ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœ ืืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขโ€Ž

โ€ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ ืืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื ืืฉืช ื—ื™ืœ ืืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืชืฉื•ืงืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื“ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื” ื•ืืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื” ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื— ื•ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœืงื— ื’ื ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื›ืœ ื•ื—ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืื—ื–ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ืืจืคื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืืžื™ ื•ืืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื• ื•ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื”ืืžืชื™, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืืžืจื• ื”ื ื” ืžื˜ืชื• ืฉืœืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื• ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื•ืืžืจืณ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื‘ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ ืื ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ื” ืœืคื—ื™ืชื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจืขื™ืชื• ืฉืžืฆืื” ื’ืŸ ื ืขื•ืœ ื•ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื—ื™ื” ืคืจื“ืก ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืคื™ืณ ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืง ื•ืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ, ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื›ึปืœึธึผื”ึผ ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”, ื•ืงืจืื” ื›ืœื” ืฉืฉื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ, ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืืฉืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื• ืžื›ืœ ื•ื›ืœ, ื•ื—ืœืชื” ืคื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื’ื ื• ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืณ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืจืื•ื™ื ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืจื• ืฉืœื”ื™ืš ืคืจื“ืก ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื, ืœื ืฉืชืชืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื•ืชืื›ื™ืœื”ื• ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื ืœืืฉื” ื”ื ืฉืžืขืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื•ื”ื ืกืชืช ืœื•. ื•ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื‘ื ืœื’ื ื•, ื•ืื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื” ื•ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืงื” ืจืขื™ื•, ื•ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžืฉืชื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืชืขืœื•ื– ืงืจื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืณ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื’ื ื™ ืื—ืชื™ ื›ืœื” ืืจื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืจื™ ืขื ื‘ืฉืžื™ ืื›ืœืชื™ ื™ืขืจื™ ืขื ื“ื‘ืฉื™ ืฉืชื™ืชื™ ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื ื—ืœื‘ื™ ืื›ืœื• ืจืขื™ื ืฉืชื• ื•ืฉื›ืจื• ื“ื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœืงื— ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื›ืœ ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืœื ืคืฆืข ื•ื‘ืœื ืžื›ื”, ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฉืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืœื ื”ืจื™ืกื” ื•ื‘ืœื ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ืœื ื›ืื—ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื“ืจืš, ืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืชื• ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืœื• ืื• ื™ืื—ืจื• ืคืขืœืชื”, ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืจืื™ืชื, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจื ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื“ืขืชื ื›ืืœื• ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ืžืจืื™ื, ื•ืืžื ื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื ืœื”ืจืื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžื”ื ื•ืจื—ืงื” ืžื”ื ืจื•ื—ืง ืžื•ืขื˜, ืžืฆืื” ื“ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืžื•, ื‘ืืžืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืื—ื–ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ืืจืคื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืืชื™ื• ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืืžื™ ื•ืืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื•ืจืชื™. ื™ืขืฉืจ ืžื˜ื” ื•ืืคื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื“ื•ื”, ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืฉืชื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจื ื•. ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืžื™ ื–ืืช ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ืžื™ ื–ืืช ืขื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.โ€Ž

โ€ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ ืืœ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืฉื” ื—ื•ื˜ืืช, ื”ื ืกืชืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ืžืชืื•ื”, ื•ื”ื ืฉืžืขื” ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืืฉืจ ืื›ืœื” ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ื•ืชืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืื™ืฉื” ืขืžื” ื•ื™ืื›ืœ, ื•ืืžืจื• ืขืžื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ืขืžื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ื’ืœื” ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืื“ื, ื•ืœื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื’ืœื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื• ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื“, ื›ื™ ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ืืฉื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืžืฆืื”ื• ื•ืืฉืณ ืชืงื—ื”ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืจื“ื•ืฃ ื”ื”ื ืื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ืช, ื–ืืช ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื” ืœื•, ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ืคืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื” ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื” ืจื—ืฆื” ื•ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืชืขืฆืœื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžื”ืจ, ื•ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ืคืง, ื•ืืžืณ ืคืชื—ื™ ืœื™ ืื—ื•ืชื™ ืจืขื™ืชื™ ื•ื’ื•ืณ. ื•ืืžื ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ื‘ื” ืื™ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื” ืขืจ, ื•ืคืชื—ื” ืœื“ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืฆืœื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื“ื” ื—ืžืง ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืชื”ื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื”ื• ื•ืงืจืืชื”ื• ื•ืœื ืขื ื” ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืžืฆืื•ื” ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื” ื•ืคืฆืขื•ื” ื•ื ืฉืื• ืืช ืจื“ื™ื“ื” ืžืขืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืชื• ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืžื ืขื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื’ ื“ื•ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื˜ืขืžื• ื˜ืขื ื—ื˜ื, ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœืงื— ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืจืคื ืœื•, ืืณืขืณืค ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืจื• ื•ืขืชื” ืคืŸ ื™ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœืงื— ื’ื ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื›ืœ ื•ื—ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉืณืจืณืœ ื”ืœื•ืื™ ื™ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ื›ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืณ ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืื”ื‘ ื•ืœื ืืœ ื—ืคืฅ ืจืฉืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืจื• ื—ื™ ืื ื™ ื ืื•ื ื”ืณ ืื ืื—ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ืžื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื—ื™, ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื›ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืžื– ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื ืข, ืœืžื™ ืฉืื›ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื•ื’ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃโ€œ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืณืขืณืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืžื ืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืกึธืชื•ึผื ื•ืื ืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื—ืฉืงื ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ, ื•ืฉื‘ื— ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ื“ืจืš ื—ื•ืฉืงื™ื, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืฉืขืฉื• ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื•ืืคื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื“ืจืš ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉืชื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื•ืœืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืงื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื โ€ื›ื™ ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืืฉื” ืขืจื•ื”โ€œ ื•ื—ืœื” ืคื ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืœื• ืงื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื–ื” ืคื ื™ื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื•, ื‘ืจื— ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ืžื” ืœืš ืœืฆื‘ื™ ืื• ืœืขื•ืคืจ ื”ืื™ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฉืง ืžืกืชืชืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ื”ื ืคืŸ ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ืขืจ ืžื™ ื–ืืช ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืŸ ืžื™ ื–ืืช ืขื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.โ€Ž

From a MS. in the possession of the Bodleian. Oppenheim Collection, No. 261.

Abi-Simra, โ€ืžึดื›ึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐื“ึธื•ื“โ€Ž (printed, according to de Rossi, at Constantinople). Affendopulo, โ€ืกึตืณ ืขึฒืฉึธื‚ืจึธื” ืžึทืึฒืžึธืจื•ึนืชโ€Ž (Dod Mordechai, c. 3, Vienna, 1830). Allemanno, โ€ื—ึถืฉึถืืง ืฉึฐืืœึนืžึนื”โ€Ž. Almosneno, โ€ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืžึนืฉึถืื”โ€Ž (Venice, 1597). Arepol, โ€ืฉึทื‚ืจ ืฉึธืืœื•ึนืโ€Ž (Ssafet, 1579). Asulai, โ€ื ึทื—ึทืœ ืึถืฉึฐืื›ึผื•ึนืœโ€Ž, and โ€ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื—ึทืžึธึผื—โ€Ž (Leghorn, 1800.) Bรคr. b. Naphtali, โ€ืžึทืชึฐึผื ื•ึนืช ื›ึฐึผื”ึปื ึธึผื”โ€Ž (Amsterdam, 1725). Baruch b. Isaac, โ€ื–ึธืจึทืข ื‘ึทึผืจึทื›ึฐโ€Ž (Amsterdam, 1730). Birs, โ€ืฉึดืื™ืจึธื” ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“โ€Ž (Grodno, 1797). Chiquitilla, in MS. Cohen, โ€ื–ึฐืงึทืŸ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸโ€Ž (Venice, 1657). Eliezer b. Judah, โ€ื™ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืจึถืงึทื—โ€Ž (Lublin, 1608). Elijah b. Salomon-Abraham, โ€ื‘ึดึผ ืื•ึผืจ ืขึทืœ ื’ืณืžึฐื’ึดืœึผื•ึนืชโ€Ž, in MS. Gensburg, โ€ื ึทืกึฐืชึธึผืœึดื™ ืฉึฐื‚ื‘ึทืข ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸโ€Ž (Hamburg, 1708). Jaabez, โ€ืงึนื“ึธืฉื ื”ึดืœึผื•ึผืœึทื™ืโ€Ž (in Frankfurterโ€™s Bible, Amsterdam, 1724โ€“27). Ibn Jaehaj (in the Amsterdam Rab. Bible, 1724). Ibn Jaish, โ€ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ ื‘ึธึผืจืจึผืš ืขึทืœ ืฉื”ืดืฉโ€Ž (Constantinople, 1576). Jacob b. Isaac, โ€ืฆึฐืึธื™ื ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐืึถื™ื ึธื”โ€Ž (Berlin, 1709). Jacob b. Joel, โ€ืฉึฐืืึตืจึดื™ืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘โ€Ž (Altona, 1727). Jacob-Lissa, โ€ืึดืžึฐืจึตื™ ื™ึนืฉึถืืจโ€Ž (Dyrhenfurt, 1815โ€“19). Joseph-Jossel, โ€ืคึผื•ึนืจึธืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃโ€Ž (Wandsbeck, 1727). Kara, in MS. Dav. Kimchi, in MS. Landsberger, โ€ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืึฑืžื•ึผื ื™ึดืโ€Ž (Offenbach, 1724). Lando, โ€ื ึดืงึปื“ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื›ึถึผืกึถืฃโ€Ž (Venice, 1619). Libowitzer, โ€ืกึตืณ ืึทื™ึถึผืœึถืช ืึฒื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืโ€Ž (Korez, 1791), Loanz, surnamed Baal Shem, โ€ืจึดื ึทึผืช ื“ึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ืโ€Ž (Basle, 1606). Lรถw b. Joshua, โ€ืœึตื‘ ืึทืจึฐื™ึตื”โ€Ž (Wilmersdorf, 1674). Saul Lรถw, โ€ื‘ึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ืึฒืจึดื™ืึตืœโ€Ž (Amsterdam, 1778). Meyer (Frankfort on the Main, 1679). Solomon Ibn Melech, โ€ืžึดื›ึฐืœึทืœ ื™ึนืคึดื™โ€Ž (Amsterdam, 1661). Salomon b. Jacob (Prague, 1628).

THE SONG OF SONGS,

WHICH IS SOLOMONโ€™S.

Notes

1 โ€ืืžืจ ืจืดืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืจืณ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื ื•ืงื”ืœืช ืžื˜ืžืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจืณ ืขืงื™ื‘ื” ื—ื ื•ืฉืืœื•ื ืœื ื ื—ืœืง ืื“ึดื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ึน ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™๏ฌฆ ืฉืœื ืชื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœึนื ื›ื“ืื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ืงืจืฉ ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงื“ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ื.โ€Ž As the phrase โ€ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืโ€Ž, polluting the hands, has recently been quoted by Dr. Davidson (The Text of the Old Testament, &c. p. 796), in direct contrariety to its meaning, we shall here give an explanation of it. Let it be observed, that in the Mishna, whence the above passage is quoted, the phrase is applied to all the Holy Scriptures (โ€ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืโ€Ž). The reason of this is given in the Talmud, (Sabbath, 14 a,) where the question is asked, why Holy Writ is reckoned among the eighteen subjects which are decreed as polluting the hands? The answer there given is, because the Theruma-food and the Thorah, both being regarded as holy, used to be placed near each other. When it was afterwards discovered that the sacred books were thereby exposed to danger (damage by mice), the Rabbins decreed that they should henceforth be regarded as unclean, in order to prohibit them from coming in contact with those sacred eatables. Hence the decree โ€ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืโ€Ž, all Holy Scripture pollutes the hands, which exclusively applies to holy, i.e. inspired books. Wherever, therefore, it is said that a book is โ€ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืโ€Ž, polluting the hands, it affirms that it is canonical; and when it is said โ€ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืโ€Ž, it does not pollute the hands, it means that the book is not canonical. Thus we are told โ€ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉโ€Ž, โ€œthe Song of Songs pollutes the hands because it is inspired.โ€ And of the non-canonical โ€ืกืคืจ ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืจืณ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืืœื™ืš ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™๏ฌฆโ€Ž, โ€œThe book of the Son of Sirach, and all the books written from that time and afterwards, do not pollute the hands.โ€

2 Baba Bathra, 14.

3 Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. iv. 26.

4 For a full elucidation of this verse, see Henderson, โ€œDivine Inspiration,โ€ pp. 219โ€“224.

5 See Gesenius, Lexicon in voce.

6 Herodotus, i. 196.

7 ร†lian, V. H. iv. 1. Strabo, xvi. 745.

8 Homer, Odyss. viii. 318, &c.; Pausanias, iii. 12, 2.

9 Tacitus, Germ. xviii.

10 Michaelis, the Laws of Moses, ยง 85; Rosenmรผller, Orient. i. p. 132, &c.; Grantโ€™s Nestorians, p. 214; Perkins, Eight Years in Persia, p. 236.

11 Est. ii. 3, 14, 15; iv. 4; Joseph. Ant. lib. xv. c. 7, 4.

12 Plutarchโ€™s Lives. Themistocles.

13 Alexander, History of Women, Introd. p. vii.

14 Lane, Arabian Nights, Vol. I. pp. 38, 39.

15 Euripides, Iphi. in Aulis.

16 Ant. lib. iv. c. 8, 15.

17 Hilochoth Eduth, c. ix. 1.

18 This is the date according to Aristobulus, which has, however, been questioned. See Frankel, Vorstudien zu der Septuaginta; De Wette, Einleitung, ยงยง 40, 41; Herzog, Real-Encyklopรคdie fรผr protestantische Theologie, art. Alexandrinische Bibelรผbersetzung; Kitto, Cyclop. Bib. Lit., under Septuagint.

19 Hรคvernickโ€™s Einleitung Dritter Theil, p. 475.

20 Ewald, p. 34. Dรถpke, philologisch-critischer Commentar zum Hohenliede, p. 34.

21 Vide Kitto, Cyclop. Bib. Lit., art. Wisdom of Jesus; De Wette, Einleitung, ยง 316.

22 Keil, in Hรคvernickโ€™s Einleitung Dritter Theil, p. 476.

23 Das Hohelied Salomonis, p. 254.

24 Vide Kitto, Cyclop. Bib. Lit., under, Wisdom of Solomon; De Wette, Einleitung, ยง 314.

25 Rosenmรผller, Scholia, p. 270, sqq. Delitzsch, Das Hohelied, p. 66.

26 Cont. Apion. 1. ยง 8.

27 Kleuker, Samlung der Gedichte Salomonโ€™s, p. 54. Hengstenberg, p. 255.

28 Vide Stuart on the Old Testament Canon, sect. 12, p. 245. Davidsonโ€™s Edit. Henderson, Divine Inspiration, p. 349.

29 Succa ad fin.

30 Torath Cohanim. Tosiftha Synhedrin, c. 7. Aboth di R. Nathan, c. 27. Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Dritter Band, p. 211.

31 Vide Jost, Allgemeine Geschichte des Israelitischen Volkes (1850), Zweiter Band, pp. 63, 130, sqq. 153, Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Dritter Band, p. 210. Vierter Band, pp. 243โ€“246, 441โ€“443, 446, 473. Zunz, Vortrรคge, p. 52.

32 โ€ืืดืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจ ืจื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืŸ ืกืจื™ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืืžืจืณ ื›ื’ืกืช ื™ืฉืืจืืœ ืœืคื’ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืจื‘ืดืฉืข ืืฃ ืขืดืก ืฉืžื™ืฆืจ ื•ืžื™ืžืจ ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจื™ ื’ืฃ ืฉืจื™ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ ืขืค ื’ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืกื”ื›ืœ ื˜ืœื• ืžื›ืคืจ ืœื™ ืขืœ ืขื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื™ ืกื›ืจืžืชื™ ืœื™ ืžืื™ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”ืื™ ื›ืจืžื™ ืœื™ืฉื’ื ื“ืžื›ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื” ืืžืจ ื‘ืจ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ื›ืกื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื ืก ืฉื›ื•ืจืžื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ืž: ื•ืืดืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืขืจื’ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื ืชืžืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื›ึผื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื™ื‘ื™ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืชืžืœื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื—ืจื•ื— ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืดื ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ื™ืงืจื™ ืฉื•ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื•ืืดืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื™ืฆืชื” ื ืฉืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืดื ื ืคืฉื™ ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื• ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืชื” ื ืฉืžืชืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื˜ืœ ืฉืขืชึผื™ื“ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื” ืื•ืชื ืฉื ืืด ื ืฉื ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ืฃ ืืœื”ื™ื ื ื—ืœืช. ื•ื ืœืื” ืืชื” ื›ื•ื ื ืชื”. ืžืกื ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—โ€Ž

33 Daily Bible Illustrations, the Song of Songs, p. 449.

34 Einleitung in das Alte Testament, Zweite Auflage, Erster Theil, Erste Abtheilung, ยง 82, p. 401.

35 The Hebrew word โ€ื™ื™ืŸโ€Ž, consisting of two โ€ื™ื™โ€Ž 20, and โ€ืŸโ€Ž 50, caused this explanation. This mode of interpretation is called โ€ื’ึตื™ืžึทื˜ึฐืจึดื™ึธึผืโ€Ž, Gematria, ฮณฮตฯ‰ฮผฮตฯ„ฯฮฏฮฑ, each letter of the word being taken according to its numerical value and the text interpreted accordingly.

36 This interpretation is derived from reducing the word โ€ื‘ืšโ€Ž to its numerical value, 22. See note on verse 1.

37 Vide supra, p. 26.

38 Hieros. Berach. p. 3. b.

39 Vide supra, p. 26.

40 Ibid. p. 28.

41 Comp. Wolfii Bibl. Rabbin. Vol. i. pp. 932โ€“936; Ewald und Dukes, Beitrรคge zur Geschichte der Alten Auslegung und Spracherklรคrung des Alten Testamentes, Zweites Bรคndchen, p. 5, seqq. We must confess that Dukesโ€™ arguments, here produced against the genuineness of this commentary, appear inconclusive. Such an allegorical exposition is just what might have been expected from Saadias, judging from his predilection for Rabbinisms and allegorising, which appears in his translation of the Pentateuch. Moreover, โ€ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื”ืœืงื™ืโ€Ž does not necessarily imply commentaries written before Saadias, but may refer to the opinions of some of his contemporaries. It is, however, probable that the translator of it into Hebrew has omitted some verbal explanations, deeming them unnecessary for his purpose.

42 โ€ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื“ืข ืื—ื™ ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื ืžืชื”ืœืงื™ืž ืฉื ืžืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื—ื• ืžืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœืจืช ื•ืžืฉื™ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื›ืœื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื” ื—ื˜ื ื•ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจืืฉ ื›ืคืจื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืงืดื‘ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืฉื™ืจื” ื ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ืจืžื• ื• ืคืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืจื ื”ืณ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืงืดื‘ื” ืœื—ืชืŸ ืขื ื›ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืขืžื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื” ืงืจืื” ืจืขื™ืชื™ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืขืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืงืจืื” ื›ืœืชื™ ื•ื›ืฉืžืฆืื” ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืงืจื ืื•ืชื” ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ืฉื‘ื— ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืฉืงืฆืฃ ืขืœื™ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืœืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจื’ืœื™๏ฌฆ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ ื”ื•๏ฌก ื•ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืชื” ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœ๏ฌก ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘๏ฌก ื”ื—ืชืŸ ืข๏ฌฆ ื”ื›ืœื” ืืœ๏ฌก ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื•ืขื“ื™๏ฌฆ ืœื›ืš ืชื—ืœ๏ฌจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืืžืจ ื™ืฉืงื ื™ ืžื ืฉื™ืงื•๏ฌจ ืคื™ื”ื• ื”ื˜ืข๏ฌฆ ื”๏ฌฆ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืงื™๏ฌฆ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงืดื›ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืœ ืคื” ื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืœืš ืฉื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืš ื›ื™ ื›ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ ืฉืจื‘ื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืชื”ืช ื›ื ืคื™ ื—ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘ ื•ื™ืชืจื• ื•ืื”ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœืจื™ื— ืฉืžื ื™ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืกื” ื”ืงืดื‘ื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื“ ื‘ึผื•ืื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื›ืชืš ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืžื“ื›ืจ ื›ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื•ืด.โ€Ž

43 Vide Sachs, Religiรถse Poesie der Juden in Spanien, p. 267. Zunz, die Synagogale Poesie des Mittelalters, pp. 63, 64.

44 This refers to the giving of the Law, and Godโ€™s speaking face to face. Compare the Chaldee on the verse.

45 Through receiving the law Israel was anointed, i.e., became wise, and the fame of their wisdom was diffused abroad. Compare Saadias on the passage.

46 i.e., Let the guiding Pillar allure us in the path of obedience.

47 i.e., Swarthy through the sin of the calf, comely through the reception of the Law. Compare the Chaldee.

48 Zunz, Zeitschrift fรผr die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, 1823, p. 272, seqq. Jost, Allgemeine Geschichte des Israelitischen Volkes, Zweiter Band, p. 374.

49 Introduction to the Commentary.

50 Introduction to the Commentary.

51 Commentar zu Kohelot und dem Hohen Liede von R. Samuel ben Meier herausgegeben von Adolph Jellineck. Leipz. 1855. This Commentary has just been published for the first time, edited by the learned Adolph Jellineck, who constantly enriches the Hebrew literature by bringing before the public some ancient writings.

52 See Zunz, zur Literatur und Geschichte, i. 70, 71.

53 Introduction to the Commentary.

54 See Reland, Analecta Rabbinica, Vitรฆ celeberrimorum Rabbinorum, p. 69โ€“80. Fรผrst, Biblioth. Judaica, i. p. 251โ€“257. Herzog, Realencyklopรคdie, art. Aben Ezra.

55 Introduction to the Second Gloss.

56 Introduction to the First Gloss.

57 Preface to the Commentary.

58 โ€ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืณืŸ ื›ืกืคื™. ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืกื™ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืงื“๏ฌฆ ืœื–ื• ืคื™ืณ ืงื”ืœืช ื•ืžืฉืœื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืขืดื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื” ื‘ืคื™ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืข ืดื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ืžืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™ืจืฉื•๏ฌฆ ืœืคื ื™, ืœื›ืŸ ืœ๏ฌก ืื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืืจืžื•ื– ืจืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™๏ฌฆ, ื–ื’ื ื–ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืœื‘ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื“ืฅ ื”ืื™ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืคืจืง ื ืด๏ฌก ืžืฉืœืฉื™, ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ื”ื• ืจืžื– ืœื ื• ื•ืœื“ื•ืžืณ ืœื ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืืฆืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื ืฉื–ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื–ืดืœ ื‘ืชื—ืœืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืื™ื– ื›ืœ ืžืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•๏ฌก ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื–ื›ืจ ืฉื’๏ฌฆ ื”ื•๏ฌก ืžืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืง ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ืงื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•๏ฌก ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ, ืจืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™๏ฌฆ ืฉื•ื™ื ื‘ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื•๏ฌก ืžืฉืœ ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื”ื—ืžืจื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื›ืขื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•๏ฌก ืžืฉืœ ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ืœืง ืœื“ืณ ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื–ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืืฆืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืขืดื” ืœืจืžื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ืื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจื ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื›ื— ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ, ื•ืงืจ๏ฌก ื”ืจื•ื“ ื”ื ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื’ืดื› ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจืช, ืคื™ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•๏ฌกโ€Ž โ€ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘๏ฌก ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืข ืœื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื›ืชื•ืด, ืื ืชื“ืจืฉื• ื•ื™ืžืฆ๏ฌก ืœืš, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ืืจื ื• ื•ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื‘ืืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืข๏ฌฆ ืžื™ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•๏ฌก ื›ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื™ืคื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ืฉืœืžื” ืขืดื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกืคืจื• ื•๏ฌกืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืขืดื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื’, ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืดื” ื”ื•๏ฌก ืขืœ ื’, ืžื™ื ื™ื  ืฉื›ืœื• ื ื’ืœื” ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจ๏ฌก ื›ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืœื• ื ืกืชืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืœื” ืจืง ืžืฉืœ ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœื• ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื’ื ื ืœื”, ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ื ื” ืชืคื ื—ื™ ื–ื”ื‘, ืœื›ืŸ ืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืขืดื” ื ืณ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงื”ืœืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ืž ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืณ ื•ืžืฉืœื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื•ื”ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืดื” ืืš ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืœืืณ ืžื‘ืณ ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช ืื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื‘ืžืืžืจื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื‘ ื•ืฉืงืจ, ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืดื› ืžื” ืฉื ืืณ ืื ื—ื’ื• ื’ืงืจื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืชื“ื•ืฉ ืกืคืจ, ื•ืœื ืืงืจื ืื’ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืœื ืืดื› ื ื›ื ืขื“ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ื•ื’ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื ืžื•ืจื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื“ื™ื›ื™ ื”ืืžืช ืขื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืขื•ื“ ื“ืข ืขื’ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื” ืขืดื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืกืคืจื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืดื” ืœืคืจืฉ ืžืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืคืจืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืขื’ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขืงืจ ื”ืชื™ืจืช, ื ืฉืžืข ื”ืคืœื ืชโ€Ž โ€ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืดื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืจืณื–ืณืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืฆืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืจืžื– ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื“ื• ืฉื ืœืžืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ืชื™ืจื” ืื‘ืœืœ ื™ืžื™ืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืžืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื”ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืดื“ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืžืจ ืคึพื“ืก, ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื’ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืณื–ืณืœ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขืœืžื” ืžื”ื ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืณืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืขึพื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ืœืืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื™ืชืณ ืฉืž ืืžืŸ.โ€Ž

59 โ€ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืœืžื” ืืžืจ ืขืžื’ื•ืืœ ื‘ืณื›ืณืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืณืฆืณืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืณื” ื™ืชืณ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืขื” ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืณ ื–ืณืœ ื“ื•ื ืžื‘ืชืจ ื”ืกืคืจื™ืž ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืืจื•, ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืคื• ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื• ื›ืคื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืชื, ื›ื™ ืงืฆืชื ื•ื”๏ฌฆ ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื ื ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ, ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืืœื™ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืชืคืืจืชื•, ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืœื™ื• ื™ื™ื—ืœื• ื—ืœืฃ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื ืžืืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœืชื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืœืžืœืื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืกื ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ, ื•ืžื•ืจื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื‘ื™ื• ื™ืคืจืฉื• ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“, ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคื•ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืจื“ืชื ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืฆืืชื ืžืฉื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื˜ื•ื™ื”, ื•ืงื‘ื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื•ืื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื’ืœื•ืชื ืžืžื ื”, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ื•ื’ืœื•ืชื ืžืฉื ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืขืœืชื ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื”ื ืื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืžืขืœืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื•ื ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื–ื• ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื•ื ื›ืกืคื” ื’ื ื›ืœืชื” ื ืคืฉื ืœื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืณ, ื•ื›ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ื‘ืฉืจื ื™ืจื ื ื• ืืœ ืืœ ื—ื™, ืคืฉื˜ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื›ืกื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื‘ืฉื• ืžื—ืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื•ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ืงืจ, ื•ืจืื• ื“ืจืš ื ืงื‘ื™ ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ืืฉืจ ืืœ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืžืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•, ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ืื ื™ ืฉื›ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืคืฉื˜ื• ืžืชื”ื•ืžื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืžืฉื›ืœืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืคืข ื˜ื•ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื” ืžืฉืœ ืืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ืžืจื™, ื”ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ืืœ ืฉืคื” ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื›ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื›ืคื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•, ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ื ื–ื›ืจื, ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืืจื• ืงืฆืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืืจื• ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉื• ืœืกื•ืคื•, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื ืจืณ ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื—ื›ืžืช ื•ื›ืœื™ืœ ื™ื•ืคื™, ืืœื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฆืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื‘ืจืื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ, ื ื›ืกืคื• ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ื•, ื•ื”ืคืฆื™ืจื• ื‘ื• ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•, ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•, ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคืฉื˜ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื, ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืณ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™. ื•ื‘ืจืืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื ืขืœื™ ื—ื–ืงื”, ื•ืœืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื–ืจืชื™ ื‘ืขื– ืžืชื ื™, ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืคื™ ืงื•ืฆืจ ื”ืฉื’ืชื™, ื•ื“ืจื›ืชื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืฉื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงืฆืชื, ื•ื”ื•ืชืจืชื™ ื•ื—ืกืจืชื™ ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืื•ื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื• ื•ื—ืœื•ืง ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืžืชื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื ื“ื‘ื” ืจื•ื—ื ืื•ืชื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืจืื• ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœื ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉืœืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื”. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื‘ื™ ืขืจ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ. ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืจืžื– ืœืฉืœืฉื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื–ื”.โ€Ž

60 De Rossi, pp. 114โ€“117. Fรผrst, Bibl. Jud., vol. i. pp. 82โ€“84.

61 โ€ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืœื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืชืจื“ืช ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื•ืืžืชื™ืง ืกื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื ื ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื, ืžื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืžืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื ืขื ืžืœื™ืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื—ืฉืง ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ื”ืžืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื‘ื•, ืžื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืคืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืืฉื” ืื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืขื•ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืžื’ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืจื”, ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื’ืจืข ื•ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ, ืžื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื”ืกืชื•ื ืืกืค ื•ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื ื›ืืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืง ืžื›ืœื™ ืืœ ื›ืœื™, ืžื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืฆืข ืืžืจืชื• ื‘ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ืžื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืฉื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื ืจื™ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื• ื•ื ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืื• ืฉืขืจื™ื• ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืจื›ืœ ื ืœืืชื™ ื›ืœื›ืœ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื• ืžื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื•ื–ืžืจื• ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืฆืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืขื–ื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืณ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืชืคืืจืชื• ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžื ื’ ืืชื•.โ€โ€Ž

62 De Rossi, pp. 294, 295.

63 Fรผrst, Bib. Jud. vol. i. p. 187.

64 This commentary is erroneously called Tamachโ€™s, the euphemic expression โ€ืชืžืดืšโ€Ž, i.e. โ€ืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ืžึฐื ื•ึผื—ึธืชื•ึน ื›ึธื‘ื•ึธืจโ€Ž, used for the departed, being mistaken for a proper name. Vide Fรผrst, Bib. Jud. vol. ii. p. 243.

65 Ibid. vol. i. p. 314.

66 Ibid. vol. i. pp. 41, 42.

67 Vide Magnus, Das Hohe Lied Salomoโ€™s, p. 26.

68 De Amore dial., c. iii. Delitzsch im Literaturblatt des Orients, 1840, No. 6, &c.

69 Melizat Jeshurun. Vienna, 1816.

70 Gottesdienstliche Vortrรคge. Berlin, 1832, p. 334.

71 1834โ€”Dr. Zunz also wrote a valuable introduction to Rebensteinโ€™s Commentary on the Song of Songs (Berlin, 1834), in which he gives a catalogue of Hebrew writers on this book, existing in MS. I am sorry that all my exertions to obtain it have proved abortive.

72 Vierter Band., p. 367.

73 Israelitische Bibel, Dritter Theil. 1854, pp. 660, 661.

74 The following is a list of the names of some of the commentators and their works, selected from a large number of authors who have written upon this book, and which we could not analyse in our historical sketch.

75 Origenes Selecta in Psalmos 1. Hieronymus Apologia adversus Rufinum. See on this subject Frankel, Monatschrift, 1852, p. 219, and Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Vierter Band, p. 279.

76 Davidson, Introduction to the Old Testament, &c., p. 790.

77 Comp. Hieronymus ad Pamachium; Prefacio in Paralipomena, in Tobiam, in Job. To his ingratitude and bitter vituperations against the Jews, this people may trace many of their subsequent sufferings from so-called Christians. (Com. Hiero. adversus Rufinum ii., Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Vierter Band, p. 462.)

78 Bernardi Oper. vol. ii. (Paris, 1719), p. 276, et seqq.

79 โ€œEcclesia humilis et abjecta inter hostes saeculi, et hoc fuit usque ad tempus Constantini.โ€

80 Comment. in Cant. Canticor.

81 Homil. xxxii.

82 Bib. Sac., book vi. haer. xiii. p. 664.

83 An Exposition upon the Book of Canticles. London, 1624, p. 2.

84 A Commentary on the Canticles. Amsterdam, 1644, p. 2.

85 Annotations upon the Five Books of Moses, the Book of the Psalms, and the Song of Songs (London, 1639), pp. 4, 5.

86 Est แฝ€ฮฑฯฮนฯƒฯ„แฝบฯ‚ inter Salomonem et filiam regis Aegypti, interloquentibus etiam choris duobus tum juvenum tum virginum, qui in proximis thalamo locis excubabant. Nuptiarum arcana sub honestis verborum involucris hic latent: quae etiam causa est, cur Hebraei veteres hunc librum legi noluerint nisi a jam conjugio proximis. Creditur autem Salomon, quo magis perennaret hoc scriptum, ea arte id composuisse, ut sine multa distorsione แผ€ฮปฮปฮทฮณฮฟฯฮฏฮฑฮน in eo inveniri possent; quae Dei amorem adversus populum Israeliticum exprimerent; quod et sensit et ostendit Chaldaeus hic paraphrastes, nec aliter accepit Maimonides. Ille autem amor typus cum fuerit amoris Christi erga ecclesiam, Christiani ingenia sua ad applicanda ad eam rem hujus carminis verba exercuerunt laudabili studio. Nam et Apostoli Christi cum ecclesia conjunctionem matrimonio comparaverant. Eph. v. 32; 2 Cor. ii. 2; Apoc. vii. 8. Annot. in Vet. Test.

87 Vide Opera Cocceii, Tom. viii. fol. Amstel. Tom. ii. Synopsis et Medulla prophet. Cantici.

88 A brief Exposition of the whole book of Canticles (London, 1648), p. 4.

89 A Commentary upon the Book of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs (London, 1650), pp. 174, 175.

90 Comm. Apocalypticus in Canticum Canticorum, 1688.

91 Praef. in Cant. Paris, 1693.

92 Paraphrase and Annotations on the Song of Songs, in loco.

93 Preface to the Exposition of the Song of Solomon.

94 Clavis Cantici, or an Exposition of the Song of Solomon (Edinburgh, 1723), pp. 11, 12.

95 Exposition, pp. 103, 106.

96 A Supplement to Whistonโ€™s late Essay towards restoring the true text of the Old Testament (London, 1723), pp. 5, 7.

97 An Exposition of the book of Solomonโ€™s Song, &c. (London, 1854), p. 10.

98 See Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews, Lect. xxx.; p. 345, Gregoryโ€™s Translation, Third Edition.

99 Preface to the Song of Solomon, newly translated from the original Hebrew, with a Commentary and Annotations, London, 1764.

100 Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament, by John Wesley, (Bristol, 1765.) Vol. III. p. 1926.

101 The Outlines of a new Commentary on Solomonโ€™s Song, London, 1768; second edition, 1775, pp. 74, 75, 81.

102 Notes to Bishop Lowthโ€™s Praelectiones.

103 Das durch eine leichte und ungekรผnstelte Erklรคrung von seinen Vorwรผrfen gerettete Hohelied, 1771.

104 Vide supra, pp. 46, 56.

105 Critical Remarks on Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles, 1772.

106 Umschreibung des Hohenliedes, oder die Gemeine mit Christo und den Engeln im Grabe, nebst andern biblischen Erklรคrungen. Herausgegeben von D. Conrad Heinrich Runge. Bremen, 1776.

107 Salomonโ€™s Lieder der Liebe, &c. Herderโ€™s Sรคmmtliche Werke in vierzig Bรคnden, Dritter Band, pp. 82, 83. Stuttgart und Tรผbingen, 1852.

108 Sammlung der Gedichte Salomons, &c. Hamm, 1780.

109 A poetical Translation of the Song of Solomon, London, 1781.

110 Solomonโ€™s Song, translated from the Hebrew, by Bernard Hodgson, LL.D. Principal of Hertford College, Oxford, 1786.

111 Vide supra, p. 58.

112 Neueste Uebersetzung des Hohen Liedes, Basel, 1789; see Magnus, Comment, p. 26.

113 Salomonโ€™s verschmรคhte Liebe, oder die belohnte Treue. Leipzig, 1790.

114 The Song of Songs, a new translation, with a Commentary and Notes. London, 1801, pp. 54, 55.

115 Song of Songs, &c., translated from the original Hebrew, with Notes, critical and explanatory. London, 1803, Preface pp. xii. xiii. xiv.

116 Das Hohelied, in einer noch unversuchten Deutung. Freyburg, 1803.

117 Lied der Liebe, das รคlteste und schรถnste aus dem Morgenlande. Gรถttingen, 1820, second edition, 1828, pp. 20, 21.

118 Das Hohelied, ein Collectiv-Gesang auf Serubabel, Ezra und Nehemia, als die Wiederhersteller einer Jรผdischen Verfassung in der Provinz Juda. Erlangen, 1825.

119 Das Hohelied Salomoโ€™s รผbersetzt mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen, &c. Gรถttingen, 1826.

120 Philologisch-critischer Commentar zum Hohen Liede Salomoโ€™s. Leipzig, 1829.

121 Rosenmรผller, Scholia, ix. 2, p. 270.

122 Script. Test. to the Messiah, vol. i. book i. chap. ii. note A; and Congregational Magazine for 1837, p. 415.

123 Congregational Magazine for 1837 and 1838.

124 For 1838, p. 471, et seq.

125 Das Lied der Lieder oder Sieg der Treue. Zรผrich, 1840.

126 Kritische Bearbeitung und Erklรคrung des Hohen Liedes Salomoโ€™s. Halle, 1842.

127 Critical History and Defence of the Old Testament Canon, p. 360, ed. Davidson.

128 A New Translation of the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Canticles. Boston, 1846, p. 119.

129 Ibid. p. 132.

130 Article in the Biblical Repository for April, 1847, reprinted in the Journal of Sacred Literature for 1852, p. 338.

131 Hรคvernickโ€™s Einleitung in das Alte Testament. Dritter Theil, p. 504.

132 Das Hohelied untersucht und ausgelegt von Franz Delitzsch. Leipzig, 1851, pp. 31, 175.

133 Das Hohe Lied von Salomo, รผbersetzt und erklรคrt von Heinrich Augustus Hahn. Breslau, 1852, p. 7.

134 Das Hohe Lied Salomonis ausgelegt von W. Hengstenberg. Berlin, 1853, p. 239.

135 A Commentary on the Song of Solomon, by the Rev. George Burrowes, Professor in Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Philadelphia, 1853, pp. 87โ€“90.

136 Das Hohe Lied in deutscher Uebersetzung, Erklรคrung, und kritischer Textausgabe, von Ernst Meier, Professor der Morgenlรคndischen Sprachen. Tรผbingen, 1854.

137 Cantici Canticorum poetica forma; dissertatio Ernesti Fred. Friedrich. Kรถnigsberg, 1855.

138 Das Hohe Lied erklรคrt von Ferd. Hitzig. 16te Lieferung des Kurzgef. exegetischen Handbuchโ€™s zum Alten Testament. Leipzig, 1855.

139 Monatschrift fรผr Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, herausgegeben vom Oberrabbiner Dr. Frankel. Leipzig, 1856, p. 215, et seq.

140 Geschichte der poetischen National-Literatur der Hebrรคer von Dr. Ernst Meier. Leipzig, 1856, p. 215, et seq.

141 The Text of the Old Testament considered, &c., by Samuel Davidson, D.D. London, 1856, p. 806.

142 Herzogโ€™s Real-Encyklopรคdie fรผr protestantische Theologie und Kirche. Stuttgart, 1856, vol. vi. p. 220.

143 Stuart, Critical History and Defence of the Old Testament Canon, pp. 342, 343, ed. Davidson.

144 Song of Songs, &c., Preface, p. 19.

145 An Article on Solomonโ€™s Song, by the Rev. C. E. Stowe, D.D., Professor of Biblical Literature, reprinted in Kittoโ€™s Journal of Sacred Literature, 1852, pp. 331, 332.

146 Reply to Dr. Pye Smith, Congregational Magazine for 1838, pp. 148, 149.

147 Praef. in Canticum Canticorum, ล’uvres, tom. i. p. 467, 4to. edit.

148 Lecture xxxi. p. 350, third edition.

149 Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians, vol. ii. p. 215, et seqq.

150 The author of the poem. The singer sometimes puts his own name in the place of this.

151 Tรก-Hรก is a name of the Arabian prophet.

152 Crishna continues to this hour the darling god of the Indian women. The sect of Hindoos, who adore him with enthusiastic and almost exclusive devotion, have broached a doctrine which they maintain with eagerness, and which seems general in those provinces, that he was distinct from all the Avatars, who had only an ansa, or portion of his divinity; while Crishna was the person of Vishnu himself in a human form.โ€”Sir W. Jones, Asiatic Researches, vol. i. p. 260.

153 Noyes, A New Translation of the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles, pp. 130โ€“132.

154 Historia Crit. Vet. Test. l. i. c. iv. p. 28.

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