Chapter VI Extent of the Fifth Age of the World
Table XII. Monarchal Eras and Intervals, from Usher and Cuninghame—Correction of the mistakes of chronologers as to the true extent of this period, by Mr. Cuninghame—Table XIII. Extent of the first five ages of the World—Confirmation of the true extent of the fifth age from sacred history and prophecy.
The extent of the Fifth, or Monarchal Age, is ascertained from the Books of Kings and Chronicles, and confirmed by chronological notices of the Prophets. The difference between the Hebrew and Septuagint chronologies in this period, amount only to about fifteen years, which is chiefly owing to an interregnum between the reigns of Amaziah and Uzziah not acknowledged by Usher and his followers. The following table, from Usher’s “Chronologia,” pp. 2–23, and Mr. Cuninghame’s “Synopsis,” p. 73, where the texts of Scripture containing them are distinctly enumerated, exhibits the intervals of the Monarchal Eras, and the corresponding years of the world, according to both systems:—
| TABLE XII. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monarchal | Hebrew. | Septuagint. | |||
| Eras. | Intervals. | A.M. | Intervals. | A.M. | |
| From the Foundation of Solomon’s Temple | 0 | 2992 | 0 | 4452 | |
| Death of Solomon | 37 | 3029 | 37 | 4489 | |
| Reign of Rehoboam | 17 | 3046 | 17 | 4506 | |
| Abijah | 3 | 3049 | 3 | 4509 | |
| Asa | 41 | 3090 | 41 | 4550 | |
| Jehoshaphat | 25 | 3115 | 25 | 4575 | |
| Jehoram | *4 | 3119 | *6 | 4581 | |
| Ahaziah | 1 | 3120 | 1 | 4582 | |
| Athaliah | 6 | 3126 | 6 | 4588 | |
| Jehoash | *39 | 3165 | *40 | 4628 | |
| Amaziah | 29 | 3194 | 29 | 4657 | |
| Interregnum | *0 | *12 | 4669 | ||
| Reign of Uzziah | 52 | 3246 | 52 | 4721 | |
| Jotham | 16 | 3262 | 16 | 4737 | |
| Ahaz | *15 | 3277 | *16 | 4753 | |
| Hezekiah | 29 | 3306 | 29 | 4782 | |
| Manasseh | 55 | 3361 | 55 | 4837 | |
| Amon | 2 | 3363 | 2 | 4839 | |
| Josiah | 31 | 3394 | 31 | 4870 | |
| Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, and Jehoiachin | 11 | 3405 | 11 | 4881 | |
| To the Destruction of Solomon’s Temple | *11 | 3416 | *10 | 4891 | |
| ——— | ——— | ||||
| Fifth Age | 424 | years. | 439 | years. | |
The discrepancies in the different columns of this table, have been very carefully and laboriously investigated by Mr. Cuninghame, in his “Chronology of Israel,” pp. 18–39, 87, 88, 115 and 116; and in his “Fulness of the Times,” part i. pp. 193–197, and part ii. pp. 32–49, and 56–60, where the errors of Usher, Lightfoot, Hales, Russell and Clinton, and of the “Seder Olam Rabba,”25 are clearly pointed out and refuted on Scripture authority; and, by the correction of obvious mistakes of two or three current years in their computation, the testimonies of Josephus, Clemens, Theophilus, and Eusebius in favour of the true chronology, are satisfactorily established. By excluding the interregnum, and reckoning the years of each reign complete, Dr. Russell and Mr. Clinton, both estimate the length of this period at 430 years; the latter, however, in his tabular view, p. 329, vol. i., ultimately reduces this number from 430 current, to 426 complete years, by reckoning from Rehoboam to Zedekiah 389 years. Jackson reckons this period at 428, and Hales at 441 years. The true extent of the fifth age being determined at 439 years, the following table exhibits according to the two systems, the extent of the first five ages of the world:—
| TABLE XIII. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ages of the World. | Hebrew. Years. | Septuagint. Years. |
| First four Ages | 2992 | 4452 |
| Fifth Age | 424 | 439 |
| ——— | ——— | |
| First Five Ages | 3416 | 4891 |
The true extent of the fifth age is strongly confirmed by Ezekiel iv. 1–8, where, in the fifth year of Jehoiachin’s captivity, or in A. M. 4885, the prophet is commanded to predict in a striking manner the siege of Jerusalem, and to lie on his left side 390 days, according to the number of the years of the iniquity of the house of Israel; and, on his right side forty days, according to the number of the years of the iniquity of the house of Judah; EACH DAY FOR A YEAR. The sum of these prophetic days, namely 430, is therefore, the whole number of the years of the iniquity of Israel and Judah. This number of years singularly coincides with that of the period appointed for the “sojourning of the fathers and children of Israel,” and has no doubt a very extensive prophetic signification. But the period of 390 years more particularly points at some great general defection, when the iniquity of Israel was particularly prominent. This iniquity in fact, rose to its highest pitch, when the Ten Tribes separated themselves from the house of Judah, and took to the worship of the golden calves. Now, it appears from 2 Chronicles xi. 13–17, that the general defection from the worship of the true God, both in Israel and Judah, did not take place till three years after the accession of Rehoboam to the throne of David, and the election of Jeroboam to the kingdom of Israel. For a period, therefore, of forty years after the foundation of the Temple, the iniquity of the Twelve Tribes was restrained, and an apparent desire to worship God aright, prevented the full manifestation of their idolatrous propensities. After this, however, “Rehoboam forsook the law of the Lord, and all Israel with him,” (2 Chron. xii. 1); and by this time the subjects of Jeroboam had become more accustomed to the “new gods that came newly up” at his accession, and had begun to think that it was indeed “too much for them to go up to Jerusalem” to worship; and accordingly, they went to worship a golden calf, “even unto Dan,” (1 Kings xii. 30). If from this epoch, A. M. 4491, therefore, the period of 390 years be computed, it will terminate in the first year of the captivity of Jehoiachin, A. M. 4881; and, if the whole period of 430 years be computed from the epoch of the completion of the Temple, A. M. 4459, it will terminate in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign, A. M. 4889, when the holy city was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar; and when, according to Ezekiel’s prophecy, “he and all his host came against Jerusalem, and pitched against it, and built forts against it round about,” (2 Kings xxv. 1). Moreover, in two years after this epoch, in A. M. 4891, and when the 439 years from the Foundation of the Temple in A. M. 4452, were completed, the “city was broken up,” the “walls were broken down,” and the Temple was “burned with fire!” (2 Kings xxv. 1–10). Thus, the true extent of the fifth age is established by Sacred History, and confirmed by prophecy. On this subject, see Mr. Cuninghame’s “Synopsis,” p. 47, and “Fulness of the Times,” p. 195.26