A Dissertation on the True Age of the World

Chronological Table

First Age of the World.
A.M.		B.C.
−21	Traditional Epoch of the Creation	5500
−21	*Higher Astronomical Epoch of the Brahmins	5500
1	True Epoch of the Creation	5478
100	*Death of Abel	5379
230	Birth of Seth	5249
435	Birth of Enos	5044
625	Birth of Cainan I.	4854
765	Chronological Epoch of the Julian Period	4714
795	Birth of Mahalaleel	4684
931	Death of Adam	4548
960	Birth of Jared	4519
1070	*Apostacy of the Sons of God	4409
1086	Samaritan Epoch of the Creation	4393
1122	Birth of Enoch	4357
1142	Death of Seth	4337
1179	Lower Astronomical Epoch of the Brahmins	4300
1286	*Astronomical Revelations of Uriel	4193
1287	Birth of Methuseleh	4192
1340	Death of Enos	4139
1406	Astronomical Epoch of Laplace	4073
1474	Birth of Lamech	4005
1475	Hebrew-Usher Epoch of Creation	4004
1487	Translation of Enoch	3992
1535	Death of Cainan I.	3944
1662	Birth of Noah	3817
1690	Death of Mahalaleel	3789
1719	Modern Jewish Epoch of Creation	3760
1922	Death of Jared	3557
2142	Prediction of the Flood	3337
2162	Birth of Japhet or Iapetus	3317
2164	Birth of Shem	3315
2165	Birth of Ham	3314
2227	Death of Lamech	3252
2256	Death of Methuselah	3223
2256	Flavian Epoch of the Flood	3223
2262	True Epoch of the Flood	3217
Second Age of the World.
2263	Descent of Noah from the Ark	3216
2263	First appearance of the Rainbow	3216
2264	Birth of Arphaxad	3215
2377	Hindoo Epoch of the Calyougham	3102
2399	Birth of Cainan II.	3080
2401	First Jubilee of Jubilees from Creation	3078
2526	Chinese Epoch of Fohi	2953
2529	Birth of Salah	2950
2579	Foundation of Egypt by Mizraim	2900
2612	Death of Noah	2867
2659	Birth of Eber	2820
2764	Death of Shem	2715
2793	Birth of Peleg or Phalec	2686
2802	Death of Arphaxad	2677
2859	Death of Cainan II.	2620
2923	Birth of Reu or Ragau	2556
2962	Death of Salah	2517
3018	Chinese Epoch of Tchouen-Hiu	2461
3055	Birth of Serug	2424
3063	Death of Eber	2416
3079	*Foundation of Babel	2400
3081	*Confusion of Tongues	2398
3081	*Division of the Earth	2398
3122	Chinese Epoch of Yao	2357
3132	Death of Peleg	2347
3152	Foundation of Memphis by Menes	2327
3185	Birth of Nahor	2294
3249	*Birth of Job	2236
3246	Babylon taken by the Medes	2233
3246	Chaldean Astronomical Epoch	2233
3262	Death of Reu	2217
3264	Birth of Terah	2215
3297	Foundation of the Assyrian Monarchy	2182
3334	Birth of Abraham	2145
3343	*Trial of Job	2136
3385	Death of Serug	2094
3406	*Abraham arrives in Haran	2073
3409	Death of Terah	2070
3409	True Epoch of the Call of Abraham	2070
Third Age of the World.
3410	Descent of Abraham to Egypt	2069
3418	Canaan promised to Abraham	2061
3420	Birth of Ishmael	2059
3433	Covenant of Circumcision	2046
3433	Destruction of Sodom	2046
3434	Birth of Isaac	2045
3471	Death of Sarah	2008
3474	Marriage of Isaac	2005
3483	*Death of Job	1996
3494	Birth of Jacob and Esau	1985
3509	Death of Abraham	1970
3522	Foundation of Sicyon	1957
3534	Marriage of Esau	1935
3557	Death of Ishmael	1922
3571	Jacob goes to Padan-aram	1908
3571	Marriage of Jacob	1908
3572	Birth of Reuben	1907
3574	Birth of Simeon	1905
3575	Birth of Levi	1904
3576	Birth of Judah	1903
3587	Foundation of the Assyrian Empire	1892
3591	Jacob returns to Canaan	1888
3598	Birth of Benjamin	1881
3602	Joseph carried into Egypt	1877
3614	Death of Isaac	1865
3615	Joseph made Regent of Egypt	1864
3616	First Year of Plenty	1863
3622	Birth of Kohath	1857
3624	Eisodus of Jacob into Egypt	1855
3641	Death of Jacob	1838
3684	Birth of Amram	1795
3695	Death of Joseph	1784
3712	Death of Levi	1767
3726	Descent of Phoroneus	1753
3755	Death of Kohath	1724
3756	Birth of Aaron	1723
3759	Birth of Moses	1720
3787	Foundation of Argos	1692
3799	Moses flies to Midian	1680
3837	Flood of Ogyges	1642
3840	True Epoch of the Exodus	1639
Fourth Age of the World.
3840	The Law proclaimed at Sinai	1639
3879	Death of Aaron and Moses	1600
3880	Passage of the Jordan	1599
3886	Division of Canaan by Lot	1593
3896	Death of Joshua	1583
3894	Foundation of Athens	1585
3907	First Servitude of Israel	1572
3915	Critarchate of Othniel	1564
3955	Second Servitude	1524
3973	Critarchate of Ehud	1506
3988	Indian Astronomical Epoch	1491
4013	Descent of Danaus and Pelasgus	1466
4043	Flood of Deucalion	1436
4043	Third Servitude	1426
4073	Critarchate of Deborah and Barak	1406
4096	Reign of Dardanus and Erectheus	1383
4113	Fourth Servitude	1366
4119	The Sphere of Chiron or Musæus	1360
4120	Critarchate of Gideon	1359
4146	Azan, Aphidas and Elatus, in Arcadia	1333
4160	Critarchate of Abimelech	1319
4163	Critarchate of Tolah	1316
4166	Descent of Cadmus	1313
4186	Critarchate of Jair	1293
4196	Descent of Pelops	1283
4208	Fifth Servitude	1271
4218	Birth of Hercules	1261
4226	Critarchate of Jephthah	1253
4232	Critarchate of Ibzan	1247
4239	Critarchate of Elon	1240
4249	Critarchate of Abdon	1230
4254	Argonautic Expedition	1225
4257	Sixth Servitude	1222
4266	First Theban War	1213
4292	Destruction of Troy	1184
4297	Critarchate of Eli	1182
4303	Reign of Orestes at Argos	1176
4337	Seventh Servitude	1142
4355	Æolic Migration	1124
4357	Critarchate of Samuel	1122
4369	Reign of Saul	1110
4375	Return of the Heraclidæ	1104
2227	Death of Lamech	3252
4379	Birth of David	1100
4405	Reign of Aletes at Corinth	1074
4409	Reign of David	1070
4417	Capture of Jerusalem	1062
4435	Ionic Migration	1044
4449	Reign of Solomon	1030
4452	Foundation of Solomon’s Temple	1027
Fifth Age of the World.
4459	Completion of Solomon’s Temple	1020
4464	Foundation of Smyrna	1015
4489	Revolt of the Ten Tribes of Israel	990
4489	Reign of Jeroboam and Rehoboam	990
4492	Lapse of the Twelve Tribes into Idolatry	987
4494	Invasion of Shishak	985
4506	Reign of Abijah	973
4509	Reign of Asa	970
4511	Reign of Nadab	968
4512	Reign of Baasha	967
4517	Acme of Homer	962
4520	Asa defeats the Ethiopians	959
4535	Reign of Ela	944
4536	Reigns of Zimri and Omri	943
4537	Acme of Hesiod	942
4540	Foundation of Samaria	939
4546	Reign of Ahab	933
4550	Reign of Jehoshaphat	929
4553	Jehoshaphat appoints Judges	926
4555	Mission of Elijah	924
4558	Destruction of the Prophets of Baal	921
4568	Reign of Ahaziah	911
4569	Translation of Elijah	910
4569	Mission of Elisha	910
4570	Reign of Joram	909
4575	Reign of Jehoram	904
4581	Reign of Ahaziah	898
4582	Reigns of Athaliah and Jehu	897
4588	Reign of Jehoash	891
4595	Olympiad of Iphitus	884
4604	Mission of Jonah	875
4610	Reign of Jehoahaz	869
4627	Death of Elisha	852
4627	Reign of Joash	852
4628	Reign of Amaziah	851
4633	Reign of Jeroboam II.	836
4657	Interregnum in Judah	822
4669	Reign of Uzziah	810
4684	Interregnum in Israel	795
4684	Missions of Hosea and Amos	795
4703	Era of the Olympiads	776
4706	Reigns of Zechariah and Shallum	773
4708	Invasion of Pul	771
4718	Reign of Pekahiah	761
4719	Mission of Isaiah	760
4720	Reign of Pekah	759
4721	Reign of Jotham	758
4726	Foundation of Rome	753
4729	Mission of Micah	750
4732	Era of Nabonassar	747
4737	Reign of Ahaz	742
4739	Captivity of the Transjordanic Tribes	740
4740	Interregnum in Israel	739
4745	Foundation of Syracuse	734
4750	Reign of Hoshea	729
4752	Mission of Nahum	727
4753	Reign of Hezekiah	726
4758	Captivity of the Ten Tribes	721
4766	Invasion of Sennacherib	713
4767	Destruction of the Assyrian Army	712
4768	Revolt of the Medes	711
4782	Reign of Manasseh	697
4792	Foundation of the Median Empire	687
4796	Creon First Annual Archon at Athens	683
4802	Captivity of Manasseh	677
4802	Second Jubilee of Jubilees from Creation	677
4802	Captivity of the Remnant of Israel	677
4822	Foundation of Byzantium	657
4837	Reign of Amon	642
4839	Reign of Josiah	640
4840	Birth of Thales	639
4850	Josiah reforms the Land	629
4851	Mission of Jeremiah	628
4856	The Book of the Law found	623
4856	Mission of Zephaniah	623
4858	Legislation of Draco	621
4859	Missions of Joel and Habakkuk	620
4863	Reign of Pharaoh Necho	616
4867	Destruction of Nineveh	612
4868	The acme of Sappho	611
4869	Reign of Jehoahaz	610
4869	Birth of Anaximander	610
4870	Reign of Jehoiakim	609
4873	Reign of Nebuchadnezzar	606
4873	Era of the Babylonish Captivity	606
4874	First Vision of Nebuchadnezzar	605
4876	Rebellion of Jehoiakim	603
4876	Epoch of the Eclipse of Thales	603
4880	Reign of Jehoiachin	599
4881	1st year of Jehoiachin’s Captivity	598
4881	Reign of Zedekiah	598
4884	Birth of Crœsus	595
4885	Mission of Ezekiel	594
4885	Legislation of Solon	594
4889	Siege of Jerusalem	590
4891	Destruction of Solomon’s Temple	588
Sixth Age of the World.
4891	The Babylonian or Assyrian Empire	588
4893	Celebration of the Pythian games	586
4893	Era of the Seven Sages of Greece	586
4907	Acme of Esop	572
4918	Reign of Evil Merodach	561
4937	Release of Jehoiachin	562
4920	Reign of Neriglissar	559
4920	Reign of Cyrus in Persia	559
4924	Reign of Nabonadius or Belshazzar	555
4924	The First Vision of Daniel	555
4924	The Second Vision of Daniel	557
4931	Anaximenes flourished	548
4931	Cyrus takes Sardis	548
4939	Pythagoras flourished	540
4941	Cyrus takes Babylon	538
4941	Xenophanes flourished	538
4941	Reign of Darius the Mede	538
4941	The Third Vision of Daniel	538
4943	Medo-Persian Empire	536
4943	1st year of Cyrus the Persian	536
4943	Commission of Zerubbabel and Joshua	536
4944	Foundation of the Second Temple	535
4945	The Fourth Vision of Daniel	534
4948	Anacreon flourished	531
4950	Reign of Cambyses or Ahasuerus	529
4954	Cambyses conquers Egypt	525
4954	Birth of Æschylus	525
4957	Usurpation of the Persian Throne	522
4958	Reign of Darius Hystaspes	521
4959	Missions of Haggai and Zechariah	520
4959	The Second Temple re-founded	520
4961	Birth of Pindar	518
4963	The Destruction of Babylon	516
4963	The Second Temple completed	516
4970	The Roman Regifugium	509
4971	Expulsion of the Pisistratidæ	510
4979	Birth of Anaxagoras	508
4984	Birth of Sophocles	495
4989	The Battle of Marathon	490
4994	Reign of Xerxes the Great	485
4995	Birth of Herodotus	484
4996	Ostracism of Aristides	483
4999	Battle of Salamis	480
4999	Birth of Euripides	480
5008	Birth of Thucydides	471
5011	Birth of Socrates	468
5015	Reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus	464
5015	Zeno flourished	464
5019	Births of Democritus and Hippocrates	460
5021	The Commission of Ezra	458
5021	The 1st Week of Daniel begins	458
5024	Empedocles flourished	455
5028	The Roman Decemviri	451
5030	Restoration of the Consuls	449
5034	The Commission of Nehemiah	445
5035	Military Tribunes at Rome	444
5046	Nehemiah returns to Artaxerxes	433
5047	Meton flourished	432
5048	The Peloponnessian War	431
5049	Mission of Malachi	430
5050	Birth of Plato	429
5051	Aristophanes flourished	428
5055	Close of the Old Testament Canon	424
5056	Reign of Darius Nothus	423
5070	The 7th Week of Daniel ends	409
5075	Reign of Artaxerxes Mnemon	404
5075	Lysander takes Athens	404
5078	The Anabasis of Xenophon	401
5081	Ctesias flourished	398
5089	Rome burnt by the Gauls	390
5095	Birth of Aristotle	384
5108	Battle of Leuctra	371
5111	Eudoxus flourished	368
5113	Consuls restored at Rome	366
5119	The 14th Week of Daniel ends	360
5120	The accession of Philip	359
5121	Reign of Ochus	358
5123	Birth of Alexander the Great	356
5138	Birth of Epicurus	341
5139	Demosthenes flourished	340
5141	Battle of Chæronea	338
5142	Reign of Arses	337
5143	Reign of Alexander in Macedon	336
5144	Reign of Darius Codomannus	335
5145	Alexander crosses the Hellespont	334
5147	Tyre taken by Alexander	332
5147	Alexandria founded	332
5148	Battle of Arbela	331
5150	Macedo-Grecian Empire	329
5156	Death of Alexander	323
5159	Ptolemy takes Jerusalem	320
5168	The 21st Week of Daniel ends	311
5167	Era of the Seleucidæ or Contracts	312
5174	Reign of Ptolemy Lagus	305
5180	Arcesilaus flourished	299
5194	Reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus	285
5199	Reign of Antiochus Soter	280
5200	Irruption of the Gauls into Greece	279
5202	Epoch of the Septuagint Version	277
5215	First Punic War	264
5217	The 28th Week of Daniel ends	262
5218	Reign of Antiochus Theus	261
5232	Reign of Ptolemy Evergetes	247
5233	Reign of Seleucus Callinicius	246
5238	Sicily ceded to Rome	241
5254	Reign of Seleucus Ceraunus	225
5256	Reign of Antiochus the Great	223
5257	Reign of Ptolemy Philopator	222
5261	Second Punic War	218
5263	Battle of Cannæ	216
5266	The 35th Week of Daniel ends	213
5274	Reign of Ptolemy Epiphanes	205
5289	The Romans cross the Hellespont	190
5292	Reign of Seleucus Philopator	187
5298	Reign of Ptolemy Philometor	181
5304	Reign of Antiochus Epiphanes	175
5304	Antiochus persecutes the Jews 10 years	175
5304	End of the Jewish Hierarchy	175
5309	Antiochus sacks Jerusalem	170
5311	Macedon subdued by the Romans	168
5312	Martyrdom of the Maccabees	167
5313	The Asamonean Dynasty	166
5313	Reign of Judas Maccabeus	166
5315	Reign of Antiochus Eupator	164
5315	The 42d Week of Daniel ends	164
5317	Reign of Demetrius Soter	162
5318	The Jews allied with the Romans	161
5329	Reign of Alexander Balas	150
5330	Third Punic War	149
5333	Reign of Demetrius Nicator	146
5333	Reign of Ptolemy Physcon	146
5333	Destruction of Carthage	146
5336	Reign of Antiochus VI. Epiphanes	143
5337	Reign of Trypho	142
5341	Reign of Antiochus Sidetes	138
5351	2d Reign of Demetrius Nicator	128
5354	Reign of Alexander Zebina	125
5356	Reign of Antiochus Grypus	123
5362	Reign of Ptolemy Soter	117
5364	The 49th Week of Daniel ends	115
5374	Africa made a Roman Province	105
5384	Reign of Seleucus Nicator	95
5387	Reign of Philip	92
5389	Cicero flourished	90
5396	Reign of Tigranes	83
5397	Sylla made Perpetual Dictator	82
5398	Reign of Ptolemy Auletes	81
5410	Birth of Virgil	69
5410	Reign of Antiochus Asiaticus	69
5413	The 56th Week of Daniel ends	66
5414	Birth of Horace	65
5414	Syria made a Roman Province	65
5416	Jerusalem taken by Pompey	63
5419	First Roman Triumvirate	60
5421	Birth of Livy	58
5421	Julius Cæsar invades Gaul	58
5425	Julius Cæsar reduces Britain	54
5428	Reign of Cleopatra	51
5431	Battle of Pharsalia	48
5434	The 59th Week of Daniel ends	45
5434	The Julian Era	45
5435	Death of Julius Cæsar	44
5436	Second Roman Triumvirate	43
5437	The Battle of Philippi	42
5441	The 60th Week of Daniel ends	38
5441	The Spanish Era	38
5442	Reign of Herod	37
5442	End of the Asamoneans	37
5448	The 61st Week of Daniel ends	31
5448	The Battle of Actium	31
5449	Egypt made a Roman Province	33
5449	The Roman Empire	30
5449	Reign of Augustus Cæsar	30
5452	The Augustan Era	27
5455	The 62d Week of Daniel ends	24
5455	THE TEMPLE OF JANUS SHUT	24
5462	The 63d Week of Daniel ends	17
5462	The Temple at Jerusalem rebuilt by Herod	17
5476	The 65th Week of Daniel ends	3
5476	BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST	3
5478	Reign of Archelaus	1
		A.D.
5478	Vulgar Era of Christianity	1
5486	Judea made a Roman Province	8
5492	Reign of Tiberius Cesar	14
5504	The 69th Week of Daniel ends	26
5505	Pontius Pilate procurator of Judea	27
5506	Baptism of Christ	28
5511	The 70th Week of Daniel ends	33
5511	The Crucifixion and Ascension	33
5511	THE FIFTH EMPIRE	33

---

2	255144287	3155692970	12
	187923052	3061731444
	———	———
2	67221235	93961526	1
	53480582	67221235
	———	———
1	13740653	26740291	1
	12999638	13740653
	———	———
1	741015	12999638	17
	402383	12597255
	———	———
	338632	402383	1
	&c.

Quotients,	12,	2,	1,	2,	1,	1,	17,	1,	1,	&c.
Ratios,	¹⁄₁₂,	²⁄₂₅,	³⁄₃₇,	⁸⁄₉₉,	¹¹⁄₁₃₆,	¹⁹⁄₂₃₅,	³³⁴⁄₄₁₃₁,	³⁵³⁄₄₃₆₆,	⁶⁸⁷⁄₈₄₉₇,	&c.

Unmathematical readers will find a much more simple, but of course, a more lengthened explanation, of these ratios in Mr. Cuninghame’s “Synopsis of Chronology,” pp. 6–10, and 54–60.

Μ,	Α,	Ο,	Μ,	Ε,	Τ,	Ι,	Σ.
40 +	1	+ 70	+ 40	+ 5	+ 300	+ 10	+ 200	= 666.

This is very curious, and indicates the strong likeness between Popery and Islamism, in some grand point, namely, the Spirit of Persecution!! John xiii. 35. The following explanation of the number of the Beast, is taken from Mr. Cuninghame’s “Supplement to the Scientific Chronology of the year 1839,” pp. 28, 29. “In my Dissertation on the Seals, I have adopted the usual Protestant Solution and application of this number, as being found [first by Irenæus] in the name of Latinus, the founder of the Latin Kingdom, written with the epsilon, Λατείνος, according to the ancient Greek orthography; or, if it be written without the ε, according to the later usage, then we owe to Mr. Clarke the important discovery, that is found in the name of the Latin Kingdom,—Ἡ Λατίνη Βασίλεία.

Λ =	30	Ἡ =	8	Β =	2
α =	1			α =	1
τ =	300	Λ =	30	σ =	200
ε =	5	α =	1	ι =	10
ι =	10	τ =	300	λ =	30
ν =	50	ι =	10	ε =	5
ο =	70	ν =	50	ι =	10
ς =	200	η =	8	α =	1
	———		———		———
	666	=	407	+	259

Now, without in the least departing from this interpretation, I remark, that while it correctly ascertains the PERSON or POWER to whom this number belongs, namely, The Latin Empire, both Secular and Spiritual; yet it does not COUNT or COMPUTE the number itself, or discover to us its ROOT in arithmetic. The expression, Let him that hath understanding COUNT, “Ψηφισατω”, the number of the Beast, cannot mean to find the number itself, for this is given; nor does it merely signify to find out the name which expresses that number; but it also means that the root of the number must be found, and the number computed from it; and further, it signifies, I apprehend, that we must apply the number to the chronology of the Beast himself, in connection with that of the World, in which he exercises his dominion.”

Ε

Υ

Π

Ο

Ρ

Ι

Α

5

+

400

+

80

+

70

+

100

+

10

+

1

= 666.

What does this indicate, but that the beast reigns triumphant in the present age; for the whole world has gone a wondering after him, and the image which he has set up? And what is this image but wealth or respectability, which all are so anxious to acquire and maintain? Let Christians beware of falling into this snare, and let them attend to the warning voice of the beloved Apostle; Rev. xviii. 4. For the discovery of the above singular numerical coincidence, we are indebted, through the publisher, Mr. Bagster, to the author of a work just published, entitled “Wealth, The Name and Number of the Beast, &c.”

---

Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.

Notes

1. ‘Ο πᾶs χρόνος καὶ τὰ ἔτη δείκνυται, τοντοῖς βονλομένοῖς πείθεσθαι τῇ ἄληθείᾳ.—Theoph. ad Autol. Lib. III. p. 273, Oxon. 1684.

2. See his “Syntagma de Septuaginta,” p. 13, Lond. 1655, and his “Chronologia Sacra,” p. 46, Oxon. 1660. In our subsequent citations, these editions are followed; the latter is denominated “Opus Posthumum hucusque ἀνέκδοτον.”

3. This translation, which is from the Septuagint, may be considered as too free by some; but we conceive that it expresses the true meaning of the passage, which is not conveyed in our common version; for the earth abideth not for ever!

4. The reader will find an explanation of Mr. Cuninghame’s argument in the second part of this Dissertation.

5. Revelation xiii. 17.

6. Ibid. xxii. 19.

7. Dr. Hales says, “The Targum of Jonathan Ben Uzziel, of the highest authority among the Jews, thus paraphrases Gen. iv. 25: ‘And Adam knew his wife when 130 years were completed after Abel was killed.’ And the same account is furnished by the Bereshith Rabba, More Nevochim, Midrash Tanchuma, Solomon Jarchi, Elias, and others of their principal writers.”—See his “Analysis of Chronology,” vol. i. p. 80. Indeed, the whole of the second article of the second section of his Introduction, is well worth perusal, being full of very curious and interesting matter, all tending powerfully to prove that the longer computation of the Septuagint was the true and original computation of the Hebrew text. His comparison of the Masorete and Samaritan texts in regard to Genesis xi. 10–32, is very valuable; see p. 82.

8. “Syntagma,” cap. iv. p. 34.

9. We refer here to the date of the division of the earth as determined by Mr. Cuninghame; see the Preface to his “Synopsis of Chronology,” pp. 18–22, and his “Fulness of the Times,” p. 44. In these works, he makes out that the division commenced in A. M. 3081 or B. C. 2398; that it continued during a jubilean period, or forty-nine years; and, of course, that it terminated in A. M. 3130, or B. C. 2349. We confess that we do not see the necessity of allowing so long a period for the division of the earth; and we think it more likely to have been finished than to have been begun at the former date.

10. This name is marked in this and the two following Tables, on account of its omission in the Hebrew and Samaritan texts.

11. Usher’s “Chronologia Sacra,” cap. vi. p. 87.

12. The citations from Dr. Hales’ work are referred to the 4to. edition, Lond. 1800–1812.

13. Collatio Codicis Cottoniani Gen seos, &c. Lond. 1778, p. xiii.

14. “Analysis of Chronology,” vol. i. p. 84.

15. “Chronologia Sacra,” cap. vii. p. 120.

16. It is remarkable that both Hales and Russell, notwithstanding their acknowledged veneration for the Holy Scriptures, have chosen to follow the testimony of Josephus, in regard to the extent of the first two ages of the world; but “their witness agrees not together;” for the former makes it 3333 years, and the latter 3403 years!

17. See the Prefaces to the “Synopsis of Chronology;” the “Chronology of Israel;” the “Hebrew and Septuagint Chronologies Tried;” the “Scientific Chronology of the year 1839,” and its Supplement; and the “Season of the End.”

18. “History of the World,” pp. 228, 277.

19. The Eulerian ratio here referred to, is that the numbers of mankind are doubled every 12⅘ years. Now, in 90 years, the doubling would occur about 7 times, which would occasion the original number to be increased 128 times; because the 7th power of 2 is 128. Hence, 50,000 multiplied by 128, gives 6,400,000, which is nearly 6½ millions. If the calculation be performed with the greatest mathematical nicety, the result will only be 6,540,256, which is rather more than 6½ millions.

20. The pretensions of any nation to a remote antiquity could only arise from ignorance of the sacred records, and of the true traditions of its ancestors, or from a bold disbelief of both. The Jews cannot be charged with either of these, their character being remarkably the reverse until Christ came. Hence we cannot suppose that the Seventy Interpreters would wilfully shut their eyes to the glaring facts, that the true age of the world was well known to their countrymen, that many of them were then living in the hope of the fulfilment of the prophecies concerning the Messiah, and that they were then accustomed “to calculate the times.” Any attempt on their part, therefore, to increase that age by 1500 years, would have been looked upon with abhorrence; nor could they hope to escape detection and severe reprobation; unless, indeed, we can suppose that they had assembled all the Jews “from every nation under heaven,” and made them privy to the transaction! Before the advent, therefore, such an alteration in the sacred text was impossible; but after that event it was not only possible, but actually took place, not in the Greek but in the Hebrew, the former being read all over the world, but the latter being confined to the Jewish synagogue.

21. Chronologia Sacra, pp. 162 and 171.

22. Although the extent of the third age is clearly established by the reference of Paul to the period of 430 years, from the confirmation of the covenant to Abraham to the promulgation of the law from Mount Sinai, yet it will be satisfactory to observe, that the passage cited from the book of Exodus originally stood as follows:—“And the sojourning of the children of Israel, which they and their fathers sojourned in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, was 430 years. And it came to pass, after the 430 years, that all the host of the Lord went out of the land of Egypt by night;” see the Septuagint, Alexandrine edition, and the Samaritan Pentateuch, Exod. xii. 40, 41. The words in Italics in this passage are omitted in the Hebrew text, and the words “even the self-same day,” are interpolated. That this is an interpolation is quite evident, for even in the Hebrew, in the very next verse, we are twice told that “It is a night much to be observed unto the Lord,” for this great deliverance. Thus, by the testimony of three witnesses against one, the true reading is established. Nevertheless, Archbishop Usher calls the passage just cited from the Septuagint a paraphrastic explanation of the words of Moses; and he says that the corresponding passage in the Samaritan text is interpolated from the Greek version!—“Chronologia Sacra,” cap. viii. p. 127. Biblical critics and commentators, in general, now admit that these texts have preserved the true reading; see the note on this passage, by the editor of the Religious Tract Society’s Commentary on the Bible, from Henry and Scott. Mr. Clinton also very properly defends the right interpretation of the passage; for he says, “some modern writers have very unreasonably doubted this portion of the Hebrew chronology;” see “Fasti Hellenici,” vol. i. page 299.

23. The following is the passage as written by Origen, in his commentary on the Gospel of St. John:—γέγραπται γὰρ έν τῃ τρίτῃ τῶν βασιλειων, ὡς ἡτοίμασαν τοὺς λίθους, καὶ τὰ ξύλα τρισὶν ἔτεσιν· ἐν δὲ τῳ τεταρτῳ ετει, μηνι δευτέρῳ, βασιλεύοντος τοῦ βασιλέως Σολομὼντος ἐπὶ Ισραήλ, ἐνετείλατο ὁ βασιλέυς, κ.τ.λ.; which reads thus:—It is written in the third [book] of Kings, so they prepared stones and timber for three years; and in the fourth year, in the second month, of the reign of King Solomon over Israel, the king commanded, &c. 1 Kings v. 18; and vi. 1.

24. Mr. Cuninghame’s remarks on Usher’s system, in his “Synopsis of Chronology,” pp. 18–20, are very appropriate. We are forced to abridge them as follows:—“I have in my former works, shown that the learned prelate’s Chronology of this period is manufactured; and in this conclusion I have the support of the most eminent writers, including the names of Hales, Kennicott, Dr. Russell, Mr. Clinton, added to the whole of the ancient chronographers. The latest attempt made to prop up or patch his system as a whole, is that of the author of the Chapter on Chronology, in the last edition of Mr. Bickersteth’s Guide to the Prophecies. But while this learned chronographer thus sets his seal to the almost exact truth of Usher’s sum total of years, he no less sets his seal to the fact that Usher has filled up the period by a false chronology. According to this learned writer, it is therefore undeniable that Usher’s chronology of the period from the Exodus to the first of Solomon is, as to its particulars, manufactured and erroneous. Now it is quite a fair question to Mr. Bickersteth and his friend, to ask them by what arithmetical process they have found out that the scheme which they thus bear testimony to be false as to its particulars, is yet true as to its sum total. Is it a newly discovered principle that many falsehoods make one truth? As to the scheme of particulars substituted for that of Usher in these tables, it is like that of the learned prelate himself, utterly opposed to the narrative and testimony of the book of Judges. There is one part of the scheme, however, which merits even more severe animadversion. The author of the Table makes the period in Acts xiii. 20, expire at the return of the ark from Kirjathjearim. Are we then to conclude that he has clipped down St. Paul’s 450 to 350? I can see no other mode of explaining his calculation.”

25. This is the Hebrew title of the most famous Jewish work on chronology, and signifies “The Great Chronicle of the World.” Dr. Hales says, “This was the first curtailed system of Jewish chronology, fabricated by Rabbi Josi, under the auspices of Rabbi Akiba, the abettor of the rebel-impostor Barchochab, A.D. 130, in the reign of Adrian.”—See his “Analysis,” p. 13.

26. “I have endeavoured to shew,” says Mr. Cuninghame, in the former of the places cited, “that the periods of 390 and 40 mystic days, during which Ezekiel was commanded to lie on his sides, bearing the iniquity of Judah and Israel, are a period of 430 years, computed from the finishing of the Temple, B.C. 1020, to the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem, B.C. 590. But it now appears to me that the 430 years may with equal probability be computed from the first Passover in the Temple. The dedication was in the month Tisri of B.C. 1019, which is exactly 91 jubilees from the creation; the first Passover was therefore in Nisan B.C. 1018, whence to the taking of the city in Ab B.C. 588, are 430 years and three months; and computing back from B.C. 588, the second period of 40 years, it brings us to B.C. 628, the 13th of Josiah, and the very year, according to Prideaux, of the commission of Jeremiah. * * * Whether, therefore, we compute the period of 430 years from the finishing of the Temple B.C. 1020, to the beginning of the siege B.C. 590, or as above, from the first Passover to the taking of the city, it comes out with equal exactness.”

27. See a full account of this Canon, in Dr. Hales’ “Analysis,” vol. i. pp. 275–288; and a short account of it, in the “Breviarium Chronologicum” of Strauchius, translated by Sault, pp. 262–264, 3rd edition, Lond. 1745.

28. See his “Chart of Sacred Chronology.”

29. See his “Apology, &c.,” translated by the Rev. T. Chevallier, B.D., p. 221, Cambridge, 1833.

30. Mr. Cuninghame says that “Mr. Gresswell produces a mass of quotations from the Fathers, scarcely two of whom entirely agree, to prove that they nearly all held that our Lord’s death was in one of the years 29 or 30, [A. M. 5507 or 5508], or some of them in 31, [A. M. 5509]; yet with respect to some of his witnesses, he is obliged to exclaim, ‘So little solicitous do these writers seem to be about verifying their dates, before they allowed them to remain on record.’ If he were to give us 100 volumes of such passages to wade through, which is merely wading through a mass of contradictions, they can avail nothing against the unequivocal testimony of St. Luke, that in the 15th of Tiberius our Lord was 30 years of age, and was therefore born in B. C. 3, [A. M. 5476]; and the other fact, founded on the unerring principles of Astronomy, that from the year 28 to 33, [A. M. 5506 to 5511], no Passover could possibly have fallen on a Friday; and, therefore, the death of our Lord is pinned down to A. D. 33, [A. M. 5511].” “Season of the End,” p. 85.

31. Jerome even went further than this, and adopted the curtailed system of the Jews in some of his writings, if not in all.

32. The Birth of Christ took place according to
The Septuagint.
In the 5476th year from Creation; the 3215th from the Deluge; the 2143d from the birth of Abraham; the 1637th from the Exodus; and the 1068th from the accession of David; the 65th prophetic week of Daniel; the 193d Olympiad; the 751st year of Rome; and the 42d of Augustus.
The Hebrew Text.
In the 4000th year from the Creation; the 2344th from the Deluge; the 1992d from the birth of Abraham; the 1487th from the Exodus; and the 1051st from the accession of David; the 65th prophetic week of Daniel; the 193d Olympiad; the 749th year of Rome; and the 40th of Augustus.

33. Rabbi Salomon Jarchi, qui nous a donné l’explication de cette tradition, dit que les deux mille ans de Tohu, ou d’Inanité, ont duré depuis la création du monde jusque vers la cinquante ou soixantième année d’Abraham, et que les deux milles ans de Loi ont commencé vers ce tems-la, lorsque Dieu le fit sortir de Chaldeé, et lui donna des lois pour lui et pour toute sa posterité, principalement celle de la circoncision; et qu’ils ont fini vers la destruction de Jérusalem par Titus. Il ajoute enfin ces paroles: Mais nos péchés sont la cause que le Messie n’est point venu au bout des quatre mille ans. p. 1527.

34. The rules for the determination of the approximating ratios of any two numbers by the method of Continued Fractions, are very clearly explained, on Algebraical principles in Hind’s Algebra, 5th edition, pp. 273–292; and, on Arithmetical principles in Thomson’s Arithmetic, 16th edition, pp. 241–246. We subjoin the operation, as much abridged as possible, by which the preceding series of fractions was obtained. Reducing the above lengths of the year and the month into seconds, we have the numbers 31556929·7 and 2551442·87; hence,

35. We have much satisfaction in giving the following abridgement of the remarks of Mr. Birks, on this interesting subject; pp. 371, 372. Thus, he says, “A fresh light is thrown upon the words of the Psalmist, He appointed the moon for seasons. A divine ladder of time is set before us, and, as we rise successively from step to step, days are replaced by years, and years by millenia; and these, perhaps, hereafter, in their turn, by some higher unit, from which the soul of man may measure out cycles still more vast, and obtain a wider view of the immeasurable grandeur of eternity. Human science has strained its utmost efforts in calculating the actual motions of the Moon and the Earth; but the determining causes which fixed at first the proportion of their monthly and yearly revolutions have altogether eluded its research. Yet these elements of the natural universe are linked in, by these sacred times and celestial cycles, with the deepest wonders of Providence, and the whole range of Divine prophecy. How glorious, then, must be the inner shrine, lit up with the Shechinah of the Divine Presence, when the approaches themselves reveal such a secret and hidden wisdom!”

36. See his work “On the Jubilean Chronology of the Seventh Trumpet of the Apocalypse,” pp. 1–3, and 19–26.

37. Dr. Hales, in his “Analysis,” vol. ii. p. 1354, gives the following explanation of the “enigmatical number of the name of the second Beast, in its second stage, after the image was made,” from Fuardentius, an early Romish writer, followed by Walmsley. The number 666 is the numeral amount of [Mahomet] the False Prophet’s name, written Μοαμετις or Μαομετις, by the Greek Historians Zonaras and Cedrenus:—

38. See Note A. p. 130.

39. This abstract of his arguments was communicated to the author by Mr. Cuninghame.

40. See Note B. p. 132.

41. In L’Estrange’s Translation of Josephus, p. 10, he says “God commanded Eve to tread upon his [the Serpent’s] head, both as the fountain of all our woes, and as the part where he most easily receives a mortal wound.” Reland says “Quia interpres vetus hæc reddit, ut mulier ejus capiti plagas inferret, &c. Nulla apud Josephum est mentio mulieris, nec ullum hactenus codicem Josephi conspectum memini, in quo hoc loco mulier commemoratur.”—Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. page 8, note c.

42. For the accuracy of this number we have the testimony of Josephus in two different places of his works, which have escaped the alterations made in the text of his Jewish Antiquities, by wicked and designing persons. See the Proœmium to that work, paragraph γ; and the Prologue to his first Book against Apion.

43. This eminent Prophet was favoured with a vision of God’s glory, which, though preceded by storm, and earthquake, and fire, was accompanied with a still small voice. This was the voice of love and mercy, whose sweetest notes were heard at Calvary without the gate; for the Septuagint says, κακεῖ Κυριος, and the Lord was there; 1 Kings xix. 12.—See the Alexandrine edition.

44. A name of Apollo, or the Sun; hence, perhaps, Ορος, a mountain, because the morning sun first appears on the mountain-tops.

45. This inversion, or Metathesis, is not uncommon in Hebrew, see Joshua xix. 50, and xxiv. 30, compared with Judges ii. 8, 9, where it occurs in this very word in composition.

46. “The construction of this sentence in the original, indicates that Baal and the Sun are to be considered as one and the same; for the copulative ‘ו Vau, is not put between them as it is between the remaining words; thus, and the Moon, and the Planets (or, more literally, and Mazzaroth), &c.” The latter term, which occurs also in Job xxxviii. 32, is understood by most critics, to signify the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac; if this be its real meaning, the doctrine of the Celestial Sphere must have had a very early origin, and long anterior to the famous sphere of Chiron or Eudoxus.

47. “Religious History of Man,” p. 248, second edition.

48. Russell’s “Connection,” vol. i. p. 401.

49. Dr. Russell gives the following curious extract from the Canon Chronicus of Sir John Marsham: “Plures in Oriente Joves est investigare, Græcis Romanisque longe recentioribus, nullus datur hîc locus. Varro trecentos Joves introducit: Nos originem quærimus, non multitudinem. Sane omnis de Jove theologia ex Egypto derivata est; nec Jovis solum, sed omnium etiam deorum numina inde petenda sunt.”—See his “Connection,” pp. 389–406.

50. The inversion and amalgamation of the letters ד and ש producing Z.

51. ΘΕΟΣ δὲ λέγεται, δὶα τὸ ΤΕΘΕΙΚΕΝΑΙ τὰ πάντα ἑπὶ τᾔ[τᾕ?] ἑαυτοῦ ἀσφαλείᾳ, καὶ διὰ τὸ ΘΕΕΙΝ· τὸ δὲ θέειν ἐστι τὸ τρέχειν, καὶ κινεῖν, καὶ ἐνεργεῖν, καὶ τρέφειν, καὶ προνοεῖν, καὶ κυβερνᾷν, καὶ ζωοποιεῖν τὰ πάντα. ΚΥΡΙΟΣ δὲ ἐστι, διὰ τὸ ΚΥΡΙΕΥΕΙΝ ἀυτὸν τῶν ὅλων, κ.τ.λ.—Theoph. ad Autolycum, p. 10., Oxon. 1684.

52. The celebrated historian of Astronomy, Delambre, following the opinions of Sir William Jones and Mr. Bentley in the “Asiatic Researches,” sneers at the supposed antiquity of the Hindoo Astronomical Tables contained in the Surya Siddhanta, and ridicules Bailly and Playfair for maintaining such an opinion. But ridicule is not a test of truth; and after all, his conclusion is only this, that the question seems to be settled! Without insisting on the antiquity of the Tables, it may be urged on very satisfactory grounds, that some of the observations to which they refer, were real and not fictitious. Delambre has brought no proof of his own to shew that they must be fictitious, but has merely copied the statements and arguments of Mr. Bentley. For these, we refer to his work entitled, “A Historical View of the Hindu Astronomy,” London, 1825.

53. Even the splendid creations of Milton’s genius, in his “Paradise Lost” have been often substituted for the truths of Sacred Inspiration.

54. Πατὴρ τοῦ μελλόντος ἀιῶνος: Isaiah ix. 6; See the Alexandrine edition of the Septuagint.

55. Ὁσαισ... ἡμέραις έγένετο ὁ κόσμος, τοσαύταις χιλιοντάσι συντελεῖται. καὶ διὰ τοῦτό φησιν ἡ γραφή· “καὶ συνετελέσθησαν ὁ ὀυρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ καὶ πᾶς ὁ κόσμος αὐτών. καί συνετέλεσεν ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ϛʹ τὰ ἔργα ἀυτοῦ, ἁ ἐποίησε; καὶ κατέπαυσεν ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ζʹ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν έργων ἀυτοῦ.” τοῦτο δ’ ἐστι τῶν προγεγονότων διήγησις, καὶ τῶν ἐσομένων προφητεία. ἡ γὰρ ἡμέρα Κυριόυ ὡς ᾳ ἐτη· ἐν ἑξ οὖν συντετελέσθαι τὰ γεγονότα· φανερόν οὖν, ὁτι ἡ συντελεια ἀυτῶν ϛʹ στ ἐτος ἐστίν.—Irenæus contra omnes Hæreses; pp. 444, 445, Grabe’s edition, Oxon. 1702.

56. Hæc Irenæi sententia de mundi permansione, tot tantosque habet vindices et confirmatores, ac plausibiles persuasiones, modo divinæ potestati nihil temerè præscribatur, ut in eam lubens descenderem. Primò enim Ethnicorum omnium clarissimos et antiquissimos scriptores, Hydaspen Medorum Regem; Mercurium Trismegistum, ac Sybillas hoc præcinuisse et firmasse, testis Lactantius, lib. vii. cap. 14, 15 et 18. Hebræos idem sequi, testimonio est oraculum, quod Heliæ nomine circumferunt Thalmudistæ, libro Sanhedrin, capite Helec: et lib. Havoda Zara, cap. liphne-edehen: cujus verba recitantur, nec refelluntur, a doctis et Catholicis Authoribus, Galatino libro iv. cap. 20., Pico Mirandulano lib. vii., Heptapli cap. 4. et Francisco Veneto lib. de Harmonia Mundi Cant. iii. Tono 7, cap. 7. Oraculum hoc declarant, ac conjecturis multis et non spernendis confirmant insignes Rabbini Selomo et Isaac. Ex Latinis Ecclesiasticis Patribus, sententiam hanc amplectuntur et tuentur Lactantius lib. vii. cap. 14., Hilarius in cap. 17. Matth., Hieronymous Epist. ad Cyprianum, et Comment in cap. iv. Micheæ, Gaudentius Brixianus Tract. x. de Lectione Evangelica. Refert eandem et Augustinus lib. xx Civitat. Dei cap. 7, ut verisimilem, licet alibi illam impugnaverit. Glossa etiam, quæ Ordinaria vocatur constanter affirmat, in 5 cap. Genes. Inter Græcos vero placuit hæc opinio Justino Martyri, seu cuivis alteri Authori Quæstionum ad Orthod. Quæst. 71. Sex istis millibus quingentos annos addere visum est Hippolyto, Cyrillo, et Chrysostomo, ut author est Germanus Constantinopolitanus libro de theoria rerum Eccles. Perspectum mihi, est hanc sententiam oppugnari ab Augustino Comment, in Psal. 6 et 89. atque Epist. 89. insuper à Beda in Psal. 89. an vero illam expugnent, viderint docti et acuti eorum Lectores. Hæc autem ni fallor, aliquod emolumentum adferent ad eorum reprimendos clamores, qui temere nullaque ratione B. Martyri hac de re vehementius insultant, et lapsos, quos putant, Patrum aliquanto contumeliosiùs insectantur. Feuardentius.—Grabe’s Irenæus, pp. 444, 445.

57. Ἑπτα ἐν γενεῄ κατακαύσεται κόσμος ἀειδὴς.—Philebos, p. 157., cited by Dr. Russell, p. 77 of his “Connection.”

58. Augustine de Civit. Dei, lib. xv. c. 11–13; cited by Russell, p. 81 of his “Connection.”

59. Russell’s “Connection” pp. 80–84.

60. Πανταχόθεν τοιγαροῦν τῆς τῶν ό ἑρμηνείας ἐκ παλαιας, ὡς ἐοικε, καὶ ἀδιάστροφοῦ Ἑβραιῶν γραφῆς μεταβέβλησθαι συνιστάμενης, εἰκότως ταὺτῇ καὶ ἡμεῖς κέκρημεθα κατὰ την παροῦσαν χρονογραθιαν, ὁτε μάλιστα καὶ ἡ καθ’ όλης τῆς οἰκουμένης ἡπλωσμένη χριστοῦ ἐκκλησία ταυτῇ μονῇ προσέχει τῶν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἀπόστολων τὲ καὶ μαθήτων ἀρχῆθεν ταὺτῇ χρῆσθαι παραδεδώκοτων.—Eusebius, cited by Syncellus, p. 89, Bonn, 1829.

61. We refer to Robinson’s edition of Hesiod’s works, quæ supersunt, cum notis Variorum, Oxon. 1737.

62. “Connection,” vol. ii. p. 465.

63. Genesis xlix. 11, 12, 25, 26. The above passages are improved a little by reference to the Septuagint, of which see a Translation according to the Vatican edition, just published by Bagster and Sons, from the pen of Sir L. C. L. Brenton, Bart.

64. The character of the present age, which is remarkable for vulgar Infidelity, and the entire worship of Mammon, especially in the metropolis, has made many of the people of God sigh and cry for the abominations of the land, and fear that the Apocalyptic vials of wrath are about to be poured out upon this devoted country; for to whom much is given, of them much will be required. The crying sin, in our estimation, is that which makes a gain of godliness, and which puts men into the priest’s office for a piece of bread; for by this craft they have their ἐυπορια, wealth, Acts xix. 25; or, as it might be rendered, respectability. This age indeed makes vast pretensions to respectability, but it is only that which arises from wealth. Now it is very remarkable that the letters of the Greek word ἐυπορια, which was used by the craftsmen who made silver shrines for Diana, when they complained of the spread of the Gospel, and set Ephesus in an uproar for two hours, added up according to their value in the Greek system of notation, make the sum of 666, the well-known number of the Beast! Thus:—

65. The similarity of this description to that of Hesiod, is in some points, even more marked in the Septuagint.

66. Ἀρχη σοφιας which is the same as ‘ראשית signifies literally the beginning or summit of wisdom, and consequently the highest wisdom.

67. Here Virgil, by a Poetic licence, melts the Iron age and the Cumæan age into one. This was natural for him to do, as a Roman; for no doubt he was aware that the ascendancy of the Roman Power had been predicted in ancient prophecy under the figure of Iron Rule: and he might hope that the Fifth Monarchy would spring from the same source.

68. This learned and illustrious poet, who had no doubt, borrowed his “priscæ vestigia fraudis”69 from the 2d Chapter of Genesis, might have also anticipated the gross wickedness which should continue to prevail, notwithstanding the advent of the Divine Instructor, until death should put an end to mortal strife, and the spirits of the just be made perfect. It is lamentable in the present Age of Respectability, to behold so many of these vestigia as the newspapers exhibit, those daily records of crime and debauchery, murder and suicide; to read the reports of the police, inquest, and law courts, one would scarcely believe that he lived in a Christian country, but rather that he dwelt in the midst of Pagan Rome. It is our deliberate opinion that the publication of such reports is injurious to the morals of the country, and that an immediate stop should be put to it by legislative enactment. The reading of newspapers is now so universal, and the taste for The Horrible so rabid, especially among the lower orders, that we are fully persuaded that the perusal of the reports of trial for crime, under the temptation of the Devil, and the pressure of similar circumstances, too frequently leads to its commission. It would serve all the good purposes that can possibly be gained by publicity, merely to record the names and crimes of the offenders, without entering into all the shocking details, so disgusting to the truly humane and Christian portion of the community.

69. “Traces of Man’s early sin.”

70. The works of these authors to which we shall chiefly refer, are, the “Jewish Antiquities” of Josephus, the treatise “To Autolycus” of Theophilus, the remains of the “Chronicon” of Africanus, the mutilated “Chronicon” of Eusebius, and the “Chronicon Paschale.”

71. See Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. pp. 13, 14; note a.

72. Lib. iii. ad Antolycum, p. 262, Oxon. 1684.

73. See Routh’s Reliquiæ Sacræ, vol. ii. pp. 126, 129.

74. Ibid, pp. 242, 243, 248, 250.

75. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. p. 26.

76. See Hudson’s Josephus, pp. 26, 27.

77. Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, p. 262.

78. Routh’s Reliquiæ Sacræ, vol. ii. p. 130.

79. On this point, see the “Cours Complet de Theologie,” tom. iii. p. 1538; and “Chronicon Paschale,” p. 340, Venet. 1729.

80. Routh’s Reliquiæ Sacræ, vol. ii. p. 131.

81. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. p. 111.

82. Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, p. 262.

83. Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, p. 265.

84. Routh’s Reliq. Sacr. vol. ii. p. 155.

85. Ibid, p. 136.

86. Μετὰ τοῦ ἀληθοὺς δια τοῦ Μωσέως πνεύματος διδαχθέντες, ἐκ τε τῶν λοιπῶν Ἑβραϊκῶν ἱστοριῶν, ἀριθμὸν ἐτῶν πεντάκις χιλίων πεντακοσίων ἐις τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τοῦ Σωτηρίου Λόγου τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς μοναρχίας των Καισάρων κηρυσσομένην παραδεδώκασιν. Routh’s Reliq. Sacr. vol. ii. p. 132.

87. The 20 years taken from the former period, and the 20 years of the servitude omitted, being both added to the short period, will make it exactly 72 years.

88. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. p. 979.

89. Ibid, p. 322.

90. Russell’s “Connection,” vol. i. p. 147.

91. Sulpicius Severus in Hist. Sacr. i. 44, 3; cited by Clinton.

92. See Russell’s “Connection,” p. 128; where he gives a very erroneous view of the critarchate of Samuel and the reign of Saul. He is also mistaken as to the critarchate of Samson.

93. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. ii. p. 470.

94. Hudson’s Josephus, p. 371.

95. Ibid, p. 422.

96. Ibid, p. 506.

97. Hudson’s Josephus, p. 528.

98. Probably intended for Shamgar; see Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, p. 266.

99. Clinton’s “Fasti Hellenici,” vol. i. p. 306, note d.

100. Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, p. 266.

101. Routh’s Reliq. Sacr. vol. ii. pp. 160, 161.

102. Clinton’s “Fasti Hellenici,” vol. i. p. 308, note q.

103. Routh’s Reliq. Sacr. vol. ii. pp. 167, 169.

104. Russell’s “Connection,” pp. 130, 131; and Clinton’s “Fasti Hellenici,” vol. i. pp. 303—310.

105. See the vol. last cited, p. 310, note x.

106. We have observed the correct number in the series of the Judges prefixed to the Armenian copy of the Chronicon of Eusebius.

107. Clinton’s Fast. Helle. p. 310, note z.

108. Ibid, p. 304.

109. Ibid, p. 305.

110. Ibid, p. 305, note z.

111. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. p. 528.

112. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. p. 518.

113. Ibid, p. 516.

114. On this point, see Clinton’s “Fasti Hellenici,” vol. i. p. 316; where the author makes a wrong citation from the Septuagint, viz., 4 Reg. xiii. 10.

115. Euseb. Chron. Canon. Book I. 5, 2, ex Haicano Codice, Mediolan. 1818.

116. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. ii. p. 387.

117. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. ii. p. 452.

118. Ibid, p. 400.

119. Lib. III. ad Autolycum, p. 281.

120. Lib. III. ad Autolycum, p. 269.

121. Routh’s Rel. Sac. vol. ii. p. 174.

122. Ven. 1483.

123. Mediolan. et Ven., 1818.

124. Ven. 1729.

125. See Hales’s “Analysis,” vol. i. pp. 276–278.

126. 2 Kings xxv. 4.

127. Luke iii. 1, 23.

128. Hudson’s Josephus, vol. i. pp. 547–979.

129. See Dr. Hales’s “Analysis,” vol. ii. p. 652.

130. Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, pp. 268–277.

131. Luke iii. 1, 23; and p. 89, Part I.

132. Routh’s Rel. Sac. pp. 181, 186, 187.

133. Lib. iii. ad Autolycum, pp. 276–281.

134. Routh’s Reliquiæ Sacræ, vol. ii. pp. 129–193.

135. See the Hieronymian version of his “Chronicon,” Ven. 1483.

136. See “Chronicon Paschale,” p. 179, Ven. 1729.