Chapter VIII Accounting to Committees
555 David M. Levitan, “Responsibility of Administrative Officials in a Democratic Society,” 61 Political Science Quarterly (December 1946), 562-98.
556 See John A. Perkins, “Congressional Self-Improvement,” 38 APSR (June 1944), 499-511; Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress, Hearings, 79th Congress, First Session (1945).
557 See Estes Kefauver’s plea for a congressional question period in “The Need for Better Executive-Legislative Teamwork in the National Government,” 38 APSR (April 1944), 317-25.
558 See Leonard D. White, “Congressional Control of the Public Service,” 39 American Political Science Review, (February 1945), 1-11.
559 Kefauver, op. cit. See Harry A. Toulmin, Jr., Diary of Democracy (New York, 1947), the story of the wartime Truman Committee, for examples of such cooperation.
Accounting to Congress
560 New York Times, July 14, 1955, pp. 1, 8.
561 62 Stat. 258, May 21, 1948, Sec. 2.
562 63 Stat. 714, 720, October 6, 1949, Sec. 408 (c).
563 Id.
564 65 Stat. 373, October 10, 1951.
565 64 Stat. 10, February 25, 1950, Sec. 2.
566 64 Stat. 476, August 26, 1950, Sec. 3.
567 65 Stat. 644, October 26, 1951, Secs. 101, 103 (a).
568 Id., Sec. 103 (b).
569 67 Stat. 363, August 5, 1953.
570 Id., Sec. 4 (b).
571 66 Stat. 318, July 1, 1952, Sec. 2.
572 Id., Secs. 9, 10.
573 67 Stat. 177, July 17, 1953, Sec. 2.
574 Constitutional Government and Politics (New York: Harper, 1937), p. 16. Also see Herbert A. Simon’s analysis in Administrative Behavior (New York: Macmillan, 1954), p. 129f.
575 62 Stat. 137, April 3, 1948, Sec. 124 (a).
576 64 Stat. 829, September 11, 1950, Sec. 3.
577 64 Stat. 798, September 8, 1950, Sec. 712 (b).
578 66 Stat. 163, June 27, 1952, Sec. 401 (a).
579 Id., Sec. 401 (f).
580 See J. Leiper Freeman, The Political Process: Executive Bureau-Legislative Committee Relations, (Garden City: Doubleday, 1955).
581 65 Stat. 692, October 30, 1951, Sec. 10 (a).
582 63 Stat. 66, May 11, 1949, Sec. 2.
583 65 Stat. 365, September 28, 1951, Sec. 601.
584 66 Stat. 330, 334, July 3, 1952, Sec. 4.
585 52 Stat. 1249, June 29, 1938.
586 62 Stat. 1231, July 2, 1948, Sec. 4 (c).
587 49 Stat. 482, July 18, 1935.
588 50 Stat. 120, April 27, 1937.
589 54 Stat. 265, 297, June 11, 1940.
590 48 Stat. 55, May 2, 1933, Sec. 3 (d).
591 56 Stat. 351, 357, June 11, 1942, Sec. 12.
592 An Act: To expedite national defense, 54 Stat. 676, June 28, 1940. An Act: Further to promote the defense of the United States, 55 Stat. 31, March 11, 1941. An Act: To make emergency provision for certain activities of the United States Maritime Commission, 55 Stat. 148, May 2, 1941. Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, 56 Stat. 23, January 30, 1942. Contract Settlement Act of 1944, 58 Stat. 649, July 1, 1944. Export Control of 1949, 63 Stat. 7, February 26, 1949. Army Organization Act of 1949, 64 Stat. 1245, January 12, 1951, Sec. 303 (f) (“... the Federal Civil Defense Administrator to report quarterly during the period of any such emergency.”).
593 An Act: To authorize the President to requisition property required for the defense of the United States, 55 Stat. 742, October 16, 1941. Atomic Energy Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 755, August 1, 1946. Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 714, October 6, 1949. Mutual Security Act of 1951, 65 Stat. 373, October 10, 1951. An Act: To liquidate the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and to establish the Small Business Administration, 67 Stat. 230, July 30, 1953.
594 64 Stat. 438, August 11, 1950, Sec. 6, authorizing the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to establish an office of Civil Defense.
595 Merchant Marine Act, 1936, 49 Stat. 1985, June 29, 1936, Sec. 208.
596 Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 48 Stat. 881, June 6, 1934, Sec. 4. National Housing Act, 48 Stat. 1246, June 27, 1934, Title I, Sec. 5 (“... and annual report to the congress as soon as practicable after the 1st day of January in each year...”). Neutrality Act of 1935, 49 Stat. 1081, August 31, 1935, Sec. 2. 1937. Amendment to Neutrality Act of 1935, 50 Stat. 121, May 1, 1937, Sec. 4 (j). An Act: Authorizing the conservation, production, exploitation, and sale of helium gas..., 500 Stat. 885, September 1, 1937. A 1938 Act concerning the leasing of naval petroleum reserves, 52 Stat. 1252, June 30, 1938. An Act: To facilitate certain construction work for the Army, 53 Stat. 1239, August 7, 1939. Second War Powers Act, 1942, 56 Stat. 176, March 27, 1942, Title XI, Acceptance of conditional gifts to further the war program, Sec. 1105. Sixth Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1942, 56 Stat. 226, April 28, 1942, Sec. 2 (“... within sixty days after the end of each fiscal year...”). Amend. to Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, 56 Stat. 248, April 29, 1942, Sec. 11. Federal Airport Act, 60 Stat. 170, May 13, 1946. Act increasing membership of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 62 Stat. 266, May 25, 1948. Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950, 64 Stat. 198, June 5, 1950, Sec. 415. An Act... providing for continuation and expansion of Western Hemisphere production of abaca..., 64 Stat. 435, August 10, 1950, Sec. 7 (“... Within six months after the close of each fiscal year...”). Amend. to Merchant Marine Act, 1936, 64 Stat. 773, September 7, 1950, Sec. 1211.
597 64 Stat. 263, June 28, 1950, Sec. 201 (c).
598 50 Stat. 121, May 1, 1937, Sec. 4 (j).
599 50 Stat. 885, September 1, 1937.
600 Id., Sec. 4.
601 52 Stat. 1252, 1253, June 30, 1938, Sec. 1.
602 53 Stat. 1239, August 7, 1939, Sec. 1 (d).
603 56 Stat. 226, 244, April 28, 1942, Sec. 401.
604 48 Stat. 591, April 14, 1934, Sec. 1.
605 48 Stat. 58, May 18, 1933.
606 Id., Sec. 23.
607 48 Stat. 933, June 12, 1934, Sec. 20.
608 48 Stat. 1064, June 19, 1934, Title I, Sec. 4 (k).
609 60 Stat. 664, July 25, 1946, Sec. 1A (b) (c).
610 61 Stat. 136, June 23, 1947, Sec. 210.
611 65 Stat. 75, June 19, 1951, Sec. 4 (k).
The Concurrent Resolution
Notes
612 Estes Kefauver, “The Challenge to Congress,” 6 Fed. Bar J., 325-32, (April 1945).
613 Bertram M. Gross, The Legislative Struggle (New York, 1953).
614 Art. I, Sec. 7. See Howard White, “Executive Responsibility to Congress via Concurrent Resolution,” 36 American Political Science Review (October 1942), 895-900.
615 White, op. cit.
616 Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, 56 Stat. 23, January 30, 1942, Sec. 1 (b).
617 An Act: Further to promote the defense of the United States, 55 Stat. 31, March 11, 1941, Sec. 3.
Second War Powers Act, 56 Stat. 176, March 27, 1942, Sec. 1501.
An Act: To mobilize small business concerns for war production, 56 Stat. 351, June 11, 1942, Sec. 12.
An Act: To further expedite the prosecution of the war by authorizing the control of the exportation of certain commodities, 56 Stat. 463, June 30, 1942, Sec. 6 (d).
An Act: To amend the Act which permits the President to requisition certain articles for national defense, 56 Stat. 467, July 2, 1942, Sec. 2.
An Act: To amend the Act authorizing vessels of Canadian registry to transport iron ore on the Great Lakes during 1942, 56 Stat. 735, August 1, 1942.
An Act: To suspend temporarily the running of statutes of limitations applicable to certain offenses, 56 Stat. 747, August 24, 1942.
An Act: To amend... the Communications Act of 1934, 57 Stat. 161, June 27, 1943.
The War Labor Disputes Act, 57 Stat. 163, June 25, 1943, Sec. 10.
An Act: To extend the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, 59 Stat. 166, May 9, 1945, Sec. 1.
First Decontrol Act of 1947, 61 Stat. 34, March 31, 1947, Sec. 1501.
Export Control Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 7, February 26, 1949, Sec. 12.
Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 714, October 6, 1949, Sec. 405 (d).
Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950, 64 Stat. 198, June 5, 1950, Sec. 409 (b).
The Defense Production Act of 1950, 64 Stat. 798, September 8, 1950, Sec. 17, 716.
An Act: To amend the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, 64 Stat. 825, September 9, 1950, Sec. 1205.
Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, 64 Stat. 1245, January 12, 1951, Sec. 307.
Amendment to the First War Powers Act, 1941, 64 Stat. 1257, January 12, 1951, Sec. 12.
Mutual Security Act of 1951, 65 Stat. 373, October 10, 1951, Sec. 530.
67 Stat. 133, June 30, 1953, Sec. 2157.
An Act: To provide certain construction and other authorization for the military departments in time of war or national emergency, 67 Stat. 177, July 17, 1953, Sec. 1.
Military traffic continuance Act, 67 Stat. 244, July 31, 1953.
618 Op. cit., Sec. 405 (d).
619 55 Stat. 616, August 11, 1941, Sec. 1. See also the Act of June 30, 1953, 67 Stat. 115, continuing certain emergency statutes in effect “until six months after the termination of the national emergency proclaimed by the President on December 16, 1950... or until such earlier date as the Congress by concurrent resolution declares that it is no longer necessary to exercise the powers continued in force and effect by this act.”
620 56 Stat. 18, January 26, 1942.
621 64 Stat. 1245, January 12, 1951, Sec. 301.
622 E.g., amendment to the Military Personnel Claims Act of 1945, 67 Stat. 317, August 1, 1953. As is usual, the President might establish such dates by proclamation.
623 54 Stat. 4, November 4, 1939, Sec. 1 (a).
624 53 Stat. 561, April 3, 1939, Sec. 5; 59 Stat. 613, December 20, 1945, Sec. 6 (a), and 63 Stat. 203, June 20, 1949, Sec. 6.
625 Op. cit., Sec. 2 (a).
626 60 Stat. 1329. See also 62 Stat. 1428, March 16, 1948, (H. Concurrent Resolution disapproving Reorganization Plan No. 1 of January 19, 1948).
627 Despite this provision, the Congress chose to approve Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 by joint resolution, in order that it might in the course of approving it, also amend it. 67 Stat. 18, April 1, 1953.
628 64 Stat. 1245, January 12, 1951, Sec. 201 (g).
629 54 Stat. 670, June 28, 1940, Sec. 20.
630 Concurrent Resolution: Granting of Permanent Residence to Certain Aliens. 65 Stat. B16, April 11, 1951, H. Con. Res. 49.
631 Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspensions. 65 Stat. B3, March 6, 1951, S. Con. Res. 7.
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspensions. 65 Stat. B13, March 12, 1951, S. Con. Res. 6.
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspensions. 65 Stat. B18, April 17, 1951, S. Con. Res. 13.
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspensions. 66 Stat. B4, April 1, 1952, S. Con. Res. 58 (over 600).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspension. 66 Stat. B17, April 9, 1952, S. Con. Res. 63 (over 400).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspension. 66 Stat. B26, May 20, 1952, S. Con. Res. 67 (over 450).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspensions. 66 Stat. B40, May 27, 1952, S. Con. Res. 66 (over 250).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspension. 66 Stat. B36, May 20, 1952, S. Con. Res. 68 (over 200).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspension. 66 Stat. B65, July 3, 1952, S. Con. Res. 72 (over 300).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspension. 66 Stat. B72, July 3, 1952, S. Con. Res. 76 (over 400).
Concurrent Resolution: Deportation Suspension. 66 Stat. B81, July 4, 1952, S. Con. Res. 81 (over 600).
Concurrent Resolutions, 1953. The 83rd Congress first session, by concurrent resolution provided for the permanent residence of over 900 aliens in the U.S. and suspended the deportation of over 6,200 aliens. 67 Stat. B5ff.
632 67 Stat. 408, August 7, 1953, Sec. 3, 9.
633 Amendments to the Universal Military Training and Service Act, 65 Stat. 75, June 19, 1951, Sec. 4.
634 56 Stat. 9 (1942).
635 H. Con. Res. 9 and 10 (1943); H. Con. Res. 81, 93 (1944); S. Con. Res. 9, 18 and H. Con. Res. 1, 2, 6, 15, 20, 24, 26, 56, 59, 70, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82 (1945).
636 H. Con. Res. 51 (1951).
637 55 Stat. 31, 32 Sec. 3 (c) (1941).
638 56 Stat. 176, 187 (1942). “Titles I to IX, inclusive, and titles XI and XIV of this Act, and the amendments to existing law made by any such title, shall remain in force only until December 31, 1944, or until such earlier time as the Congress by concurrent resolution, or the President, may designate....”
639 H. Con. Res. 21 (1947).
640 H. Con. Res. 138 (1946), providing for termination of an Act of July 14, 1941, providing for priority in transportation by merchant vessels for national defense purposes. 55 Stat. 591 (1941).
641 H. Con. Res. 85, 86, 91, 98 (1945); H. Con. Res. 132, 133, 156 (1946); H. Con. Res. 5, 9, 25 (1947).
642 S. Con. Res. 31, H. Con. Res. 81 (1945).
643 91 Cong. Rec. 9099, 9217; 59 Stat. 846 (1945).
644 54 Stat. 4 (1939).
645 Ibid., Sec. 1 (a).
646 The words are those of Senator Gillette at 76 Cong. Rec. 355 (1940).
647 S. Con. Res. 35 (1940).
648 S. Con. Res. 36, and H. Con Res. 44 (1940).
649 H. Con. Res. 44 (1941).
650 92 Cong. Rec. 7911, 8994; 60 Stat. Pt. 2 (1946).
651 93 Cong. Rec. 6722, 7857; 60 Stat. Pt. 2, 1023 (1947).
652 H. on C. Res. 131, 80 Cong. Rec. 1721, 2921; 62 Stat. Pt. 2, 1428 (1948).
653 63 Stat. 203, 205 (1949).
654 95 Cong. Rec. 11561 (1949).
655 S. Con. Res. 42 and H. Con. Res. 61 (1940); H. Con. Res. 50 (1947).
656 H. Con. Res. 151, 154 (1946); H. Con. Res. 5 (1947).
657 S. Con. Res. 16, H. Con. Res. 19 (1939); S. Con. Res. 43 (1940); S. Con. Res. 66 (1946).
658 H. Con. Res. 60 (1940).