Chapter IV
Positive Integration
Negative Integration
Notes
127 Roy Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York: Doubleday and Co., 1955), p. 24.
128 53 Stat. 855, June 27, 1939, Sec. 2.
129 54 Stat. 265, 297, June 11, 1940.
130 54 Stat. 712, July 2, 1940, Sec. 4.
131 54 Stat. 1092, October 10, 1940, Sec. 1.
132 56 Stat 176, March 27, 1942, Sec. 801.
133 60 Stat. 31, February 1946.
134 62 Stat. 604, June 24, 1948, Sec. 6 (h).
135 64 Stat. 798, September 8, 1950, Title V, Sec. 501-3.
136 Id., Sec. 503.
137 Id., Sec. 503.
138 64 Stat. 149, May 10, 1950, Sec. 3 (a) (8).
139 Id., Sec. 37.
140 49 Stat. 391, June 19, 1955, Sec. 1.
141 49 Stat. 1028, August 30, 1935.
142 52 Stat. 220, April 22, 1938.
143 52 Stat. 221, April 25, 1938.
144 Id.
145 52 Stat. 641, June 11, 1938.
146 52 Stat. 1175, June 25, 1938, Sec. 1.
147 Id., Sec. 2.
148 Id., Sec. 4.
149 54 Stat 213, amending the 1916 National Defense Act, May 15, 1940.
150 55 Stat. 799, December 13, 1941, Sec. 1.
151 Id., Sec. 1.
152 Id., Sec. 1.
153 54 Stat. 858, August 27, 1940, Sec. 1.
154 54 Stat. 1206, October 21, 1940.
155 64 Stat. 318, June 30, 1950, Sec. 2.
156 64 Stat. 1072, September 27, 1950.
157 54 Stat. 885, September 16, 1940.
158 Id., Sec. 2.
159 Id., Sec. 3 (a).
160 Id., Sec. 2 (a), (b).
161 54 Stat. 2739, 2745, 2747, 2760.
162 55 Stat. 1644, 56 Stat. 1929, January 5, 1942.
163 62 Stat. 604, June 1948, The Selective Service Act of 1948.
164 Id., Sec. 3, 4.
165 Id., Sec. 2, 4.
166 64 Stat. 826, September 9, 1950.
167 64 Stat. 254, June 23, 1950.
168 64 Stat. 318, July 9, 1951.
169 65 Stat. 75, June 19, 1951.
170 67 Stat. 86, June 29, 1953, all secs.
[171] 67 Stat. 174, July 16, 1953.
172 53 Stat. 854, June 23, 1939, all secs.
[173] 55 Stat. 43, March 17, 1941.
174 56 Stat. 314, June 5, 1942, Sec. 2.
175 60 Stat. 92, April 18, 1946, Sec. 2.
176 62 Stat. 274, May 5, 1948.
177 67 Stat. 178, July 17, 1953, Sec. 1.
178 62 Stat. 193, June 25, 1948.
179 66 Stat. 155, June 24, 1952.
180 64 Stat. 316, June 30, 1950, Sec. 1.
181 Proclamation No. 2525, 55 Stat. 1700, December 7, 1941; the statutes are found at 1 Stat. 577, 40 Stat. 531, 50 U.S.C. 21, 22, 23, 24 (1951).
182 66 Stat. 26, March 20, 1952.
183 66 Stat. 138, June 18, 1952.
184 Executive Order 9066, February 19, 1942.
185 64 Stat. 987, 1021, September 23, 1950, Sec. 103.
186 55 Stat. 252, 967, June 20, 1941.
187 56 Stat. 173, March 21, 1942.
188 Proclamation No. 2655, 2662, 2685, 59 Stat.
189 Title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950, 64 Stat. 987, 1006, September 23, 1950, Sec. 22.
190 54 Stat. 1137, 1150, October 14, 1940, Sec. 326.
191 Any person who “within three months from the date upon which such organization was so registered or so required to be registered, renounces, withdraws from, and utterly abandons such membership or affiliation, and who thereafter ceases entirely to be affiliated with such organization, is exempted from this provision.” (Sec. 25).
192 58 Stat. 677, July 1, 1944.
193 58 Stat. 746, September 27, 1944.
194 Proclamation No. 2497, 55 Stat. 1657, July 17, 1941, Sec. 1 (a), (b), issued under authority of Sec. 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. 415.
195 Id.
196 64 Stat. 987, 1013, September 23, 1950, Sec. 25.
197 68 Stat. 1146, September 3, 1954.
198 52 Stat. 3, January 12, 1938, all secs.
[199] 64 Stat. 825, September 9, 1950.
200 55 Stat. 1700, December 7, 1941.
201 49 Stat. 1081, May 27, 1935, Sec. 6.
202 50 Stat. 121, May 1, 1937.
203 54 Stat. 4, November 4, 1939.
204 Id., Sec. 2 (a).
205 Proclamation No. 2348, 54 Stat. 2629, September 5, 1939.
206 54 Stat. 80, March 28, 1940.
207 35 Stat. 1097, March 4, 1909.
208 Proclamation No. 2532, 55 Stat. 1713, December 27, 1941.
209 Proclamation No. 2536, 56 Stat. 1932, January 13, 1942.
210 Proclamation No. 2540, 56 Stat. 1936, February 10, 1942.
211 Proclamation No. 2543, 56 Stat. 1941, March 25, 1942; No. 2569, 56 Stat 1978, October 21, 1942; No. 2573, 56 Stat. 1985, November 17, 1942.
212 56 Stat. 173, May 21, 1942.
213 Proclamation No. 2348, 54 Stat. 2629, September 5, 1939.
214 Proclamation No. 2523, 55 Stat. 1696, November 14, 1941.
215 66 Stat. 163, June 27, 1952.
216 49 Stat. 1081, May 27, 1935.
217 Id., Sec. 2. In return for the $500 fee one received a registration certificate valid for five years and renewable. Exports and imports were subject to licensing by the Board.
218 50 Stat. 121, May 1937. Registration fees reduced to $100 for those whose annual sales were less than $50,000. Sec. 5 (c).
219 52 Stat 631, June 1938.
220 Id., Sec. 2.
221 Id., Secs. 3, 5.
222 Id.
223 54 Stat. 670, June 28, 1940.
224 Id., Sec. 35.
225 56 Stat. 1933, January 14, 1942.
226 56 Stat. 248, April 29, 1942, Sec. 1.
227 Id., Sec. 3.
228 54 Stat. 1201, October 17, 1940.
229 Id., Sec. 2.
230 Id., Sec. 1 (c).
231 Id., Sec. 1 (d).
232 64 Stat. 987, September 23, 1950, Sec. 3.
233 Id., Sec. 7.
234 P. L. 557, 68 Stat. 586, July 29, 1954.
235 Id., Secs. 13, 14.
236 P. L. 637, 68 Stat. 586, August 24, 1954, Sec. 3.
237 Id., Sec. 7.
238 Id., Sec. 10.
239 Id.
240 Id., Sec. 6.
241 50 Stat. 211, May 28, 1937.
242 54 Stat. 676, June 21, 1940, Sec. 11.
243 54 Stat. 885, September 16, 1940, Sec. 8 (i). Contrast the relatively simple and clear-cut reference to the two groups with the variety of “Communist organizations” defined in the Internal Security and Communist Control Acts mentioned above.
244 55 Stat. 808, December 17, 1941, Secs. 1, 3.
245 Id.
246 67 Stat. 408, August 7, 1953, Sec. 7 (a).
247 57 Stat. 163, June 25, 1943, Sec. 8.
248 Id., Sec. 3, 5. President Roosevelt, in the absence of enabling legislation, had previously resorted to plant seizure in such cases.
249 Id., Sec. 4.
250 Id., Sec. 206.
251 Id.
252 Id., Sec. 208.
253 Id., Sec. 8 (d).
254 54 Stat. 712, July 2, 1940, Sec. 4.
255 Id.
256 55 Stat. 606, July 29, 1941, Sec. 2.
257 Id.
258 61 Stat. 551, July 30, 1947, Sec. 1.
259 See 64 Stat. 595, September 6, 1950, Sec. 1209.
260 64 Stat. 798, September 8, 1950, Sec. 715.
261 Id.
262 64 Stat. 476, August 26, 1950.
263 P. L. 600, 68 Stat. 745, August 20, 1954.
264 335 U.S. 1, 1948.