Index.
Abbott, Sir J. J. C., 415
Abenakis, 114; allies of French, 212
Abercromby, General, defeated by Montcalm, 245
Acadia, meaning; of, 5; its modern divisions, 5; occupied by De Monts, 50-54; history of, as French possession, 92-109, 203, 206-208; ceded to England; 208; French inhabitants of, 218; their unhappy fate, 231-236
Acadians, expulsion of, 231-236
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of, 219
À la clair fontaine, French Canadian ballad, 452
Alaska, discovery of gold in, 430
Alaskan boundary award, 430, 461
Alcide and Lys, French frigates, captured by English, 229
Alexander, Sir W. (Lord Stirling), receives rights in Acadia, and names Nova Scotia, 89
Alfonce, Captain Jehan, French pilot, 47
Algonquin Indians, 114; tribal divisions of, 114, 115; customs of, 123-128; illustration of, 111
Alverstone, Lord, Chief Justice of England, 430
American Canadian Waterways Commission, 478
American Revolution, War of, attitude of French Canadians during, 282; Canada invaded, 283, 284; Montreal taken, 283; Quebec besieged, 285-287; death of Montgomery, 285; American troops retire from Canada, 286, 287; defeat of Cornwallis, 288; peace, ib.
Amherst, General, 242, 245
Amundsen, Roald, 465
Andastes, 82, 83
Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 480
Annapolis (Port Royal), valley of, 51, 52; old capital of Nova Scotia, 206. See Port Royal
Anse-an-Foulon (Wolfe's Cove), Wolfe ascends Quebec heights from, 254-256; Montgomery's march from, 285
Antillia, 21
Archibald, Adams, first Governor of Manitoba, 392
Arctic Exploration, 464
Argall, Samuel, destroys St. Sauveur and Port Royal in Acadia, 64, 65
Arms of the Dominion. See cover of this volume [Transcriber's note: missing from book]
Armistice, 469
Arnold, General Benedict, his expedition against Quebec, 284-286; raises siege, 286
Arthur, Sir George, Canadian Governor, 355
Ashburton Treaty, 375
Assembly, Legislative, first at Halifax, 302; at Quebec, 306; in other provinces, 302, 303. See Legislatures, House of Commons
Assiniboia. See Red River
Association of Nations, 457, 467
Astrolabe, lost by Champlain, 79
Atlantis, island of, 12
Ayleswurth, Mr. A. B., 430
Autonomy Bills, 461
Baie Verte, Fort at, 229, 230
Baldwin, Robert, Canadian reformer, 342, 350, 364; portrait of, 365
Ballads of French Canada, 450-453
Bank of England, 468
Barre, La, Canadian Governor, 195
Batoche, fight at (in 1885), 397
Battles, 460, 465
Beaujeu, Captain de, defeats Braddock, 230
Beauséjour, Fort, 229; captured by English, 230
Bedard, French Canadian journalist, 313, 314
Bering Sea question, 324
Biard, Father, Jesuit missionary, 61, 64
Biencourt, son of Baron de Poutrincourt, 60; his Acadian career, 60-65, 94; death of, 94
Bienville, father of Louisiana, 225
Big Bear, Indian chief, 395, 398
Bigot, Canadian Intendant, his crimes, 249; punishment of, 267
Binyon, Laurence, 466
Bishop's Palace, 305, 307
Borden, Sir Robert, 464, 468, 473, 475
Boston, City of, founded, 100
Bougainville, siege of Quebec, 253, 254, 256; his later career, 253
Boundaries of Canada under Quebec Act, 266, 277; treaty of peace of 1783, 289; in 1842 (Ashburton treaty), 375; in 1856 (Oregon), 375; after confederation in 1867, 380; in 1896, 4, 5
Bourgeoys, Margaret, founder of Congregation de Notre-Dame in Canada, 136
Bourgoyne, General, defeated at Saratoga, 288
Bourlamaque, General, 248, 254
Bowell, Mackenzie, Canadian premier, 394, 415
Braddock, General, defeated at Monongahela, 230
Brant, Joseph ("Thayendanegea"), Mohawk chief, 298-300; autograph and portrait of, 299
Brantford, named after Indian chief, 300. See Brant
Brebeuf, Jean de, Jesuit Missionary, 86; his heroism and death, 142; relic of, 143
Bressani, Jesuit Missionary, 138
Brion, Seigneur de, French Admiral, 32
British Columbia, scenery of, 16, 17; history of, 404, 405; enters Canadian confederation, 406; Indians of, 402
British North America Act of 1867, unites Canadian provinces, 374, 428
British troops and warships withdrawn, 433
Brock, Major-General, during war of 1812; defeats Hull, 322; dies at battle of Queenston Heights, ib.; portrait of, 323; monument to, 336
Brockville, city of, 324
Brodeur, Hon. Mr. L. P., 433
Brown, George, Canadian journalist and statesman, 372; political career, 372, 406-408; his part in confederation, 372, 410, 412; autograph and portrait of, 409; monument to, 413
Bruce, John, at Red River (1869), 388
Brulé, Etienne, Indian interpreter, 81, 84, 85
Bullion, Madam de, founder of Montreal Hôtel de Dieu, 134
Byng, Lord, 465, 474
Cabot, John, discovers North American Continent, 21-23
Calèche in French Canada, 443
Callières, Canadian governor, 204; makes peace with Iroquois, ib.
Campbell, Sir Colin, Governor of Nova Scotia, 362
Campbell, W. Wilfred, Canadian poet, 181
Canada, divisions of, 1-18; name of, 7; discovery of, 34, 35; river of, 35; Quebec, ancient capital of, 70; government of, under France, 156-167; ceded to England, 263; military régime of, 268; political state from 1763, 338-379; confederation of, 370-374, 391, 392, 404; railway building, 416; canals and waterways, 418; growth of manufacturing industries, 419, 420; bounty system, 419; population of, in 1908, 424, 425; French population of, 425; intellectual progress of, 425-429; revenue and expenditure, 425; government of, 426-429, relations with England, 428-429; awakening of national consciousness, 432; treaty-making power still withheld from, 433; map of (1643), 44; (1745), 221; (1896), opposite p. 1. See French Canadians
Canadian Air Board, 480
Canadian Manufacturers' Association, 422
Canadian Pacific Railway, 392, 396, 414, 417
Canals of Canada, 358
Cape Breton, Island of; discovered, 23-26; named Île Royale, 210; ceded to England, 215; restored to France, 219; ceded again to England, 264; government of, under France, 210, 211; part of Nova Scotia, 303. See Louisbourg
Card money of French Canada, 162
Carignan-Salières regiment, 152, 166
Carleton, General (Sir Guy), at siege of Quebec, 250; Canadian Governor, 277; saves Canada, 280, 283-287; becomes Lord Dorchester and again Governor, 301
Caroline, burning of steamer, 354
Caron, Sir Adolphe, 396
Cartier, Jacques, his voyages, 30-46; autograph and portrait of, 31; discovers Canada, 34; first map of his discoveries, 44; death of, 46
Cartier, Sir George, Canadian statesman, 372; his character and services to Canada, 408-412; autograph and portrait of, 411; monument to, 413
Cartwright, Sir Richard, Canadian statesman, 298
Cascade Mountains, 17
Cataraqui (Kingston), 184
Cayngas, division of Iroquois Confederacy, 118. See Iroquois
Celéron, in the Ohio Valley, 223
Chaleur, Bay of, discovered, 32
Champlain, Helen, wife of Samuel Champlain, 77
Champlain, Lake, name of, 73
Champlain, Samuel, 48; first autograph and portrait of, 69; founds Quebec, 70; battles with the Iroquois, 72-75, 81-85; first visit to the Ottawa region, 78-80: his lost astrolabe, 79; discovers Lake Huron (mer douce), 82; surrenders Quebec to Kirk, 88; returns to Canada, 89; death of, 90; his services to Canada, 91; visit to Canada, 149
Chansons of French Canada. See Ballads
Charlottetown, city of, founded, 311
Chartres, Fort, on the Illinois, 224
Chateau St. Louis, history of, destroyed by fire, see frontispiece
Chateauguay, battle of, 328; monument of, 337
Cheveux Relévés, 116
Chippawa-Queenston Canal, 476
Chrystler's Farm, battle of. See War of 1812
Clergy Reserves, 346; settled, 367
Coal, 423, 424
Coalition Government, 467, 475
Cobalt, 463
Colbert, French Minister of State, 152-156
Colborne, Sir John, Commander-in-Chief during Canadian rebellion of 1838, 352-357
Commons. See House of Commons
Compagnie des Cents Associés, 86; charter revoked, 152
Confederation of Canada, 370-374, 380, 391, 392, 404, 406
Congregation de Notre Dame, founded, 136
Conscription, 467
Constitutional Act of 1791, 303-305; operation of, 309-315, 338-358
Constitution of Dominion of Canada, 426-429
Constitution of Provinces of Canada, 426, 427
Convents in Canada, founded, 130 et seq.
Cortereal, Caspar and Miguel, Portuguese voyagers, 24
Cosa, Juan de la, Spanish pilot, his map of 1500, 23, 25
Costabelle, M. de, first governor of Cape Breton, 210
Côtes, 166
Coudres, Isle de, named, 35
Courcelles, M. de, Canadian governor, 153
Coureurs-de-bois, 170-176
Craig, Sir James, Canadian governor, 312-314
Crerar, Hon. T. A., 475
Crévecour, Fort, on the Illinois, 186
Crowfoot, Indian chief, 397
Carrie, General Sir Arthur, 465
Cut-Knife Creek, fight at (in 1885), 397
Dairying, 423
Daniel, Father, Jesuit missionary and martyr, 142
D'Anville, Duke, 217, 218
D'Aunay, Chevalier, 98; his feud with Charles de la Tour, 99-105; death of, 105; marriage of his widow, 106
Dauphin map (1543), 44
D'Avaugour, Baron, Canadian governor, 160
Davin, Nicholas F., 458
Dawson, Dr. G. M., Canadian scientist, 401
"Découverte, La Nouvelle," by Father Hennepin, 187
Demobilization, 469
Demons, Isle of, 46
Denonville, Marquis de, Canadian governor, 195
Denys, Nicholas, in Acadia, 97, 106
Déserts, Isle of, 54, 64
Detroit, history of, 207, 223, 270-272, 274
Devonshire, Duke of, 474
Diamond, Cape, 44
Diamond Jubilee, 423
Dieskau, Baron, defeated by Johnson, 231
Dingley Act, 431
Disarmament Conference, 475
Dollard, Sieur des Ormeaux, his heroism, 151
Dominion Police, 481
Dominion of Canada. See Canada.
Donnacona, Indian King of Stadacona, 36, 42, 43
Dorchester. See Carleton
Doukhobors, 425
Druillètes, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, 139, 140
Drummond, General, wins battle of Lundy's Lane, 331
Dufferin, Lord, Canadian governor, 380, 394
Duhaut, La Salle's murderer, 190
Duluth, Daniel Greysolon, 176, 187
Dumont, Gabriel, half-breed leader in second Red River Rebellion, 395, 397
Duquesne, Canadian governor, 223
Duquesne, Fort, 224, 226
Durham, Lord, Canadian governor, 355; his report on Canadian affairs, 340, 356, 361
Earthquake of 1663 in Canada, 151
Eboulements, Les, 151
Education in Canada, 358, 359, 368, 425-428
Edward (Lyman), Fort, 222
Elections, 1900, 1911, 1917, 1921, 460, 463, 467, 475
Elgin, Lord, Canadian Governor, 363
England and Canada, relations between, 428-429
Eries ("Racoons"), 117
Etchemins ("Canoemen"), 114
Falkland, Lord, Nova Scotian Governor, 362
"Family Compact," 344; broken up, 355
Farming, the most important industry, 422-423
Fenian Raids, 378
Fielding, Mr. W. S., 433
Fish Creek, fight at (in 1855), 396; monument to dead, 400
Fisheries of Canada, 324, 335, 375, 424
Fitzgibbon. See War of 1812
Five Nations. See Iroquois
Forbes, General, 243; in Ohio Valley, 246
Foster, George A., Canadian statesman, 298
Fraser River, 16, 17, 383
Fréchette, Louis, French Canadian poet, 181; his portrait, 449
Frederic (Crown Point), Fort, 222
Free Land, 482
Free libraries, 426
French Canada. See French Canadians
French Canadians, language of, 435-438; villages of, 439-442; attachment of, to Roman Catholic religion, 438-440, 447; habits of, 446; literature of, 448; feelings of, towards England, and confederation, 454-456
Frog Lake Massacre (in 1885), 395
Frontenac, Count, Canadian Governor, 194-204; character of, 193; repulses Phipps at Quebec, 199-201; humbles Onondagas, 203; death of, 204; autograph and statue of, 193
Frontenac, Fort, 184, 195, 196, 246; destroyed, 247
Fruit-growing, 423
Galissonnière, Canadian Governor, 222, 223
Galt, Sir Alexander, Canadian statesman, 372
Gannentaha, Onandaga French Mission, 148, 149
Garmeau, F. X., French Canadian historian, 449
Garry, Fort, 385, 388, 391; view of, 389
Gaspé, Cape, 8, 33
George, Lake, 137; battle of, 231
Germain, Lord George (Sackville), 287
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 43
Gold, discovery of, in the Yukon and in Alaska, 430
Gomez, Estevan, 27
Gosford, Lord, Canadian Governor, 342, 352
Gourlay, Robert, Canadian reformer, 344; his ill-treatment, 345
Government of Dominion of Canada, 426, 429
Governor-General of Canada, 428
Grand Trunk Railway, 416; Pacific Railway, sections, 418; Government subsidy granted, 418; arbitration, 477
Grasett, Colonel, in Riel's second rebellion (1885), 397
Great Northern, 418
Greenfield, Premier, 479
Griffin, Le Salle's vessel, 186
Grosseilliers, Sieur de, 170
Guarantee Act, 416
Guerchéville, Mme. de, 61
Guyart, Marie (Mere de l'Incarnation), Superior of Ursulines, 132; portrait of, 131
Habitants, of French Canada, 163-167, 442-447
Haldimand, General, Canadian governor, 287, 290, 301
Hale, Horatio, on Indian legends, 113, 119
Haliburton, Judge ("Sam Slick"), 360; portrait of, 359
Halifax, City of, founded, 222; razed, 468
Hampton, General, defeated at Chateauguay, 328
Harvey, Colonel (Sir John), at Stoney Creek, 325; in Nova Scotia, 363
Head, Sir Francis Bond, 350-353, 355
Hébert, French Canadian sculptor, 193, 449
Helluland of the Norsemen, 20
High Commission created, 430
Hincks, Sir Francis, Canadian statesman, 367
Hennepin, Father, his voyages, 187
Hève, La, in Acadia, 98
Hey, Chief Justice, 278
Highways Act, 470
Historians of Canada. See Bibliographical note at beginning of volume
Hochelaga (Montreal), Indian village of, 37-41; inhabitants of, 112
Holbourne, Admiral, 240
Hospitals in Canada, 130
Hôtel Dieu of Montreal, 134
Hôtel Dieu of Quebec, 130
House of Commons of Canada, 428
Howe, Joseph, Canadian statesman and father of responsible government, 362, 364; portrait of, 363; action of, with respect to union, 412, 413
Howe, Lord, death of, 245
Hudson's Bay, English trading posts at, attacked by French, 195, 203, 205; Company of, 381-388; Railway, 418
Hughes, Sir Sam, 465
Huron Indians, 115; habits of, 116; habitations of, 82, 116; conquered by Iroquois, 141-143; dispersion of, 143-145
Iberville, Chevalier d', 198, 203, 207, 208; portrait of, 209
Ile Royale. See Cape Breton
Imperial Conference, 463, 474
Imperial Munitions Board, 467
Indians of Canada, tribal divisions of, 114, 115; customs of, 115-117, 123-128; English policy towards, 275; present population and development of, 402, 403
Intercolonial Railway, 417
International Commission, 431
Iroquois, or Five Nations, 111, 114; tribal divisions and habitations of, 118, 119; habits and institutions of, 118-123; plan of long-houses of, 119; Canadian raids of, 137, 138, 146, 150; attacks of, on Hurons, 141-143; attacks on Western Indians, 195; French expeditions against, 74, 153, 154, 196, 203; joined by Tuscaroras and become Six Nations, 121
Japanese Government, 479
Jesuits in Acadia, 61; in Canada, 85, 86, 89; first Canadian martyr, 139; their heroism, 139-143; Relations, 113, 114, 127
Jette, Sir Louis, 430
Jogues, Isaac, first Jesuit martyr, 139
Johnson, Sir W., 227; defeats French at Lake George, 231
Johnston, J. W., Canadian statesman, 362
Jolliet, Louis, discovers Mississippi, 179, 180
Jonquière, Marquis de la, Canadian governor, 218
Journalism, 426
Judiciary of Canada, 428
King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie, 467, 468, 475
King's College in Nova Scotia, 360
Kingsford, William, Canadian author. See Bibliographical Note at the beginning of this volume
Kirk, Admiral, captures Quebec, 88
Klondyke rush, 463
Labour organizations, 481
La Chine, origin of name, 184; massacre at, 196
Lacolle Mill, American defeat at, 331
Lafontaine, Sir L. H., Canadian statesman, 364; portrait of, 369
La Hontan, 195
Lalemant, Charles, Jesuit superior, 86
Lalemant, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, his heroic death, 142
La Mothe-Cadillac, founder of Detroit, 207
La Tour, Charles de, in Acadia, 93-109
La Tour, Claude de, in Acadia, 93-97
La Tour, Madame de, her heroism, 102-104
Laurentides, 6; their antiquity, ib. See View of Cape Trinity, 9
Laurier, Wilfrid, Canadian premier, 414, 429, 432, 433, 439, 454, 460, 463, 467, 472
Laval, Mgr., first Canadian bishop, 157; character of, 158-160; portrait of, 159
Lawrence, Fort, 228
Lawrence, Governor, his part in expulsion of Acadians, 235
Law, systems of, in Canada, 428
Le Borgne, in Acadia, 106
Le Caron, Father, first western missionary, 82
Legislative Council, made elective in Canada, 367
Legislatures, Provincial, constitution of (in 1774), 278; (1792), 302-304; (1840), 357; (1867), 426
Leif Ericson, Norse voyager in America, 19, 20
Le Loutre, French priest in Acadia, 229, 230
Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe, 479
L'Escarbot, in Acadia, 55, 56
Le Moyne, Simon, Jesuit missionary, 147
Lévis, Chevalier de, 248; Canadian town named after, 2; at battle of St. Foy, 262
Liberal Convention, 468
Liotot, murderer of La Salle, 190
Liquors, sale of, 160
Livius, Chief Justice, 304
Loans, domestic, 469
Local government in French Canada, 164; in English Canada. See Municipal Institutions
Lodge, Mr. Henry C., 430
Long Sault, heroic incident at, 150
Lorette, Hurons of, 144
L'Ordre de bon temps, at Port Royal, 57
Loudoun, Earl, 237
Louisbourg, 211; taken by New England expedition, 215-217; by Amherst and Boscawen, 242, 243; destroyed, 243; present aspect of, ib.; view of, in 1731, 210
Louisiana, 208, 224, 225, 436
Louis XIV., his interest in Canada, 152, 156
Lount, Samuel, Canadian Reformer, 353, 355
Loyalists, United Empire, 297; their trials, 292, 293, 294; famous names among, 295; their influence on Canada, 292, 296
Lundy's Lane, battle of, 331; monument at, 333, 337
Macdonald, Alexander, 463
Macdonald, Sir John Alexander, Canadian statesman and premier, political, career of, 372, 394, 398, 408-413; one of founders of Confederation 372; autograph and portrait of, 405; his tenure, as premier, 408; character of, 408, 410; monuments to, 413
Macdonnell, Bishop, 310
Mackenzie, Alexander, Canadian premier, 408
Mackenzie River, 383
Mackenzie, W. Lyon, Canadian Reformer, 348; career of, 348-351, 343-355, 368; autograph and portrait of, 349
Mackinac or Michillimackinac, 174, 175, 187, 203, 207, 223, 272 (Pontiac's War); 322, 332 (War of 1812)
McDonell, Colonel, attorney-general, killed at Queenston, 322
McDonnell, Colonel, captures Ogdensburgh, 324; at Chateauguay, 328
McDougall, William, Canadian statesman, 373; in the Northwest, 387-390
McLeod affair with the United States, 374, 375
McNab, Colonel (Sir Allan), 353, 354
Macrae, Colonel, 466
Magdalen Islands, 32
Maisonneuve, Sieur de, founder of Ville-Marie (Montreal), 133-136; portrait of, 135
Mance, Jeanne, 134-136
Manitoba, province of, 391, 392. See Winnipeg
Manufactures in Canada, 419-421
Markland, Norse discovery, 20
Marquette, Father, 178; discovers Mississippi, 179, 180; his death, 182, 183
Marquis wheat, 463
Masères, Attorney-General, 278
Mason and Slidell difficulty, 377
Massé, Father, Jesuit missionary, in Acadia, 61; in Canada, 80
Matagorda Bay, La Salle at, 190
Matthews, Peter, Canadian Reformer, 355
Meighen, Hon. Arthur, 470, 474
Membertou, Micmac chief, 58, 59, 60, 62
Membré, Father, French missionary, 187, 188
Merchant Marine, 467
Metcalfe, Lord, Canadian Governor, 362
Mêtis or half-breeds of Canada, 11, 386; rebellions of (1869), 386-391; (1885), 393-400. See Riel
Micmacs (Souriquois), 114, 115
Middleton, General, commands Canadian forces in second Red River Rebellion (1885), 396
Military Service, 468
Mining an important industry, 423
Mississippi, discovery of, 179, 180, 181, 188; France in valley of, 224, 225, 434
Mohawks, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118; settle in Canada, 300, 402. See Iroquois
Monckton, General, 230; at siege of Quebec, 250, 257
Money in French Canada, 161, 162
Monongahela, battle of. See Braddock
Montagnais Indians, 115
Montcalm, Marquis de, 238; victories of, 237, 238; defeat of, by Wolfe, 256; death of, 257; character of, 260; monument to, 259, 261
Montgomery, General, in Canada, 284; death of, 285
Montgomery's Tavern, near Toronto, Canadian rebels defeated at (1836), 353
Montmagny, Charles Hault de, Canadian governor, 129, 133; called "Onontio," 153
Montreal, city of, founded as Ville-Marie, 134-136; view of, in 1760, 265
Monts, Sieur de, in Acadia, 50-59, 68-75
Morgan, Lewis H., on the Iroquois, 119
Morrison, Colonel, defeats Americans at Chrystler's Farm, 328
Mounted Police of the Northwest, 401
Municipal Institutions in Canada, 367, 368, 426
Murray, General, at siege of Quebec, 250; defeated by Lévis, 262; Canadian governor, 275-277; character of, 276
National Policy Tariff, 414
Naval Treaty, 480
Necessity, Fort, 224
Neilson, John, Canadian journalist, 338, 339
Nelson, Wolfred, Canadian reformer, 330, 352, 356, 357, 368
Neutral Nation (Attiwandaronks), 117
Newark (Niagara), 306; burned by American troops, 330
New Brunswick, province of, 5, 6; separated from Nova Scotia, 302; enters Confederation, 373, 374, 412
Newspapers, 426
Niagara, falls of, 186
Niagara, Fort, 231, 247, 253, 426
Nicolet, Jean, 168, 169
Nipissing Lake, 81, 82; Indians of, ib., 115
Non-intervention, 460
Norse voyages to America, 19, 20
Northwest Company, 382-385
Northwest of Canada, 10, 11; history of, 381-401; resources and progress of, 11, 392; mounted police of, 401, 481; Indians of, rebellions in, 387-402; monuments to victims of, 400; government of, 428
Northwest Passage, 465
Norumbega, 28, 54; memorials of, ib.
Nova Scotia, 5, 6; named, 96; first assembly of, 302; enters Confederation, 373, 374, 413
Ocean steamships. See Royal William
Ohio, valley of the, contest for, 223, 229, 230, 242; Indian raids in (Pontiac's War), 273
Oil discoveries, 476
Oneidas, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118. See Iroquois
Onondagas, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118. See Iroquois
Onontio. See Montmagny
Ontario, province of, 10; name of, ib., 374; first known as Upper or Western Canada, 303; enters Confederation, 374; Hydro-Electric Commission, 476; Agricultural College, 482
Oregon boundary question, 375
Orleans, Island of, 36
Oswego (Choueguën), Fort, 222, 227
Ottawa River, 78
Otter, Colonel, 397
Ouigoudi (St. John's River, N.B.), 53
Papineau, Louis J., Canadian Reformer, 339; career of, 339, 351, 352, 357, 368; portrait of, 341
Paris, Treaty of, 264, 265
Parlby, Irene, 479
Parliament, House at Quebec, in 1792, 305; at Newark, 306, 307; burned at Montreal in 1849, 370; view of, at Ottawa, 427; constitution of Canadian, 428; at Ottawa burned, 468; rebuilt, 472
Peary, Admiral, 464
Peltrie, Madame de la, 131, 132
Pemaquid, Fort, 213
Pension Bill, 470
Pepperrell, General, 215, 216
Perrot, Nicholas, 176, 177
Phipps, Admiral, attacks Quebec, 199-201
Pitt (Chatham), 240, 241
Poets of French Canada, 450
Pontgravé, 43, 49
Pontiac, Ottawa chief, 270, 271; his war against English, 271-274; death of, 274
Population of Canada; (in 1757), 225; (1792), 303; (1812), 320; (1838), 358; (1861), 366; French population, 358, 425
Port Arthur, 478
Port Royal, founded, 52, 54; destroyed by Argall, 64; restored, 99; taken by Nicholson, 206; called Annapolis Royal, ib.; its present aspect, 52
Postage reform, 432
Pouchot, 247
Poundmaker, Indian chief, 395, 398
Poutrincourt, Baron de, founds Port Royal, 54; career of, in America, 53-61; death of, 66
Prescott Gate, 305, 307
Presqu'isle (Erie), 223, 247
Prevost, General, Canadian governor, military incapacity of, 325, 332
Prince of Wales, 472
Prince Edward Island (St. Jean), 5, 243, 244; separated from Nova Scotia, 302; enters Confederation, 403. See Charlottetown
Privy Council. See Judicial Committee
Proclamation of 1763, 274, 275
Procter, General, 324, 327
Progressive Party, 474
Prohibition, 458, 473
Protective policy, 458
Quebec Act of 1774, 276-279
Quebec Bridge, 470
Quebec, city of, 1-3; named, 70; founded, 70; taken by Kirk, 88; besieged by Phipps, 199-201; by Wolfe, 248-257; plan of siege of 1759, 251; surrender of, 258; besieged by Lévis, 262; by Arnold and Montgomery, 284-286; view of, in 1760, 270; in 1896, 434. See Château St. Louis
Quebec Conference of 1864, Confederation proposed, 372
Quebec, province of, 8, 9; enters Confederation, 374
Queylus, Abbé, 157, 158
Radisson, Sieur, 17
Railways in Canada, 366, 367
Rale, Sebastian, missionary in Acadia, 212
Ramesay, M. de, in Acadia, 219; surrenders Quebec, 258
Razilly, Isaac de, in Acadia, 97-99
Rebellion Losses, Riots of 1849, 369, 370
Rebellions in Canada; of 1837, in Lower Canada, 338-343, 351, 353-357; in Upper Canada, 344-351, 353-355; in the Northwest (1869), 387-392; (1885), 393-400
Reciprocity Treaty, 376
Recollets or Franciscans, 80, 81, 89
Red River settlement (Assiniboia), 384-387; insurrection at (1869-70), 387-392. See Riel
Republican ideas, 462
Responsible Government in Canada, 361-365; in Nova Scotia, 362-364; in New Brunswick, 364; in P. E. Island, ib.; in British Columbia, 405; famous advocates of, 364, 365
Revenue and Expenditure of Canada, 425
Revolution, American. See American Revolution
Richardson, Major, Canadian author, 271
Richelieu, Cardinal, 86
Richelieu River, 72, 73
Riel, Louis, rebels against Canada in 1869, 388; in 1885, 393-400; execution of, 379
Roberval, Jean François de la Roque, 45, 46
Robinson, Chief Justice, 344
Robinson, Christopher, 298
Roche, Marquis de la, 47
Rogers, Major Robert, 269
Rolph, Dr. John, Canadian Reformer, 353
Roman Catholics of Canada, freed from civil disabilities, 278
Root, Mr. Elihu, 430
Royal Mint, 468
Royal William, first steamship to cross Atlantic, 358
Rupert's Land, 381; history of, under fur traders, 381-386; part of Dominion, 387. See Northwest of Canada
Ryerson, Egerton, 350, 368
Ryswick, Treaty of, 204
St. Alban's Bank, raid on, 377
Saint-Castin, Baron de, in Acadia, 171, 172
St. Croix, Island of, in Acadia, 53, 54
St. Croix River, 36
St. Foy, Battle of, 262
St. Ignace, mission of, attacked by Iroquois, 142
St. John River, 53; La Tour's fort on, 99, 103
St. Joseph, mission of, attacked by Iroquois, 142
St. Lawrence River, discovery of, 34, 35; valley of, 8; mountains of, ib.
St. Lawrence, deepening of canals, 418, 419
St. Louis, Château. See Château St. Louis
Saint-Lusson, Sieur, in the West, 177
St. Pierre and Miquelon, Isles of, 266
St. Sacrément, Lac du (Lake George), 137
Ste. Anne de Beaupré, Canadian Lourdes, 439, 440; view of church at, 441
Ste. Marie, Jesuit mission, 141, 143, 145
Saguenay River, 35
Salaberry, Colonel de, at Chateaugay, 328; portrait of, 329
Salle, Sieur de la, in the West, 183-188; on the Mississippi, 188, 189; assassination of, 190; autograph and portrait of, 185
"Sam Slick." See Haliburton
San Juan difficulty, 375
Saskatchewan River, Riel's rebellion in district of, 393-400; monument on, 400
Sault-au-Matelot, 286
Sault Ste. Marie, 177, 223
Saunders, Dr. Chas. E., 463
Schools. See Education
Schultz, Dr., at Red River, 390
Scott, Thomas, murdered by Riel, 390, 391
Secord, Laura, her courage, 326
Seigniorial Tenure, 87, 165; abolition of, 367
Selkirk, Lord, on the Red River, 384; death of, 385
Selkirk Range, 16, 17
Senate of Canada, 428
Senecas, division of the Iroquois Confederation, 118. See Iroquois
Shipbuilding, 421
Shirley, General, 231
Sillery, 133
Simcoe, General, lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 306, 309-311; portrait of, 311
Six Nations. See Iroquois
Smith, Sir Donald, at Red River, 390
Smith, Mary E., 479
Souriquois. See Micmacs
South African War, 432-433
Stadacona (Quebec), 36
"Starved Rock" on the Illinois, 189
Stoney Creek, battle of, 325
Strachan, Bishop, 342, 347; portrait of, ib.
Strathcona, Lord, 465
Strange, Colonel, 397
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 464
Sulpicians in Canada, 133, 136, 157, 158
Sulte, Benjamin, French Canadian author, 448
Sydenham, Lord. See Thomson, Poulett
Taché, Archbishop, 390, 391
Talbot, Thomas, 310
Talon, J. Baptiste, Canadian Intendant, 157, 168
Tariff, revision of, 415; war with Germany, 415; British preference, 415, 416; commercial treaty with France, 416
Tecumseh, Indian Chief, 322, 327
Temple, Sir Thomas, in Acadia, 108
Thayendanegea. See Brant, Joseph
Thompson, Sir John, Canadian premier, 324, 415, 458
Thomson, Poulett (Lord Sydenham), Canadian governor, 361, 362
Ticonderoga (Carillon), Fort, 222, 248, 434
Tilley, Sir Leonard, Canadian statesman a founder of confederation, 412
Titles, 462
Tobacco Nation (Tionotates), 117, 144
Touty, Henry de (of the copper hand), 186, 188, 208
Toronto (Fort Rouillé), 222, 247; first known as York, 309; University of, 347
Tracy, Marquis de, Canadian viceroy, 152, 155
Trapper, Canadian, 173
Trinity, Cape, 9
Trinity College at Toronto, founded, 347
Tupper, Sir Charles, Canadian statesman, 298, 368; a founder of confederation, 373, 412, 415, 464, 465
Turner, Mr. George, 430
Tuscaroras. See Iroquois.
Union Act of 1840, 361-368
United Farmers' Organization, 474
United States, population of, in 1812, 316; relations of Canada with, from 1840 to 1867, 379; present relations, 429
Universities, 347
Upper Canada. See Ontario.
Upper Canada Gazette, first Upper Canadian newspaper, 315
Ursulines, convent of, 131
Utrecht, Treaty of, 208
Varennes, 202
Vaudreuil, Marquis de, Canadian governor, 229; at siege of Quebec, 248, 252, 256; capitulates at Montreal, 264; death of, 268
Verchères, Magdeleine de, her heroism, 202
Vérendryes, the, in the West, 381; reach Rockies, 382; on the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, 384
Verrazano, Giovanni da, 26, 27
Versailles, Peace of, 461, 464
Victoria Bridge, 367
Victories, Notre-Dame des, at Quebec, 2, 201, 207
Vignau, Nicholas, deceives Champlain, 77, 98
Ville-Marie. See Montreal
Vinland, Norse discovery, 20
Von Egmond, Colonel, during rebellion of 1836, 353, 354
Walker, Admiral Hovenden, 207
War of 1812, causes of, 316, 320; patriotism of Canadians during, 320-322; capitulation of Hull, 322; Battle of Queenston Heights, ib.; Procter's victory over Winchester, 324; taking of York (Toronto), ib.; American successes on Niagara frontier in 1813, 325; Stoney Creek, ib.; Mrs. Secord's exploit, 326; Fitzgibbon's success at De Ceu's, 326; English defeat on Lake Erie, 327; Procter's defeat at Moraviantown, ib.; Chrystler's farm, 328; Chateauguay, 328; American outrage at Niagara, 330; English retaliate, 330, 335; Riall's defeat, 331; Lundy's Lane, ib.; Prevost's defeat on Lake Champlain, and retreat from Plattsburg, 332; naval fights, 334; peace, 335; effect of, on Canada, 335, 336; conspicuous Canadian actors during, 336, 337; monuments of, 333, 336, 337
War Savings Certificates, 469
Washington, George, at Fort Necessity, 224
Washington, Treaty of, 1871, 324; Minister at, 473
Water-power, 476
Whelan, Edward, Canadian journalist, 406
Willcocks, Joseph, Canadian agitator, 314, 320
William Henry, Fort, 222, 238
Williams, Colonel, his gallantry at Batoche (1885) 397; death of, ib.; portrait of, 309
Wilmot, Lemuel A., Canadian statesman, 364; portrait of, 371
Winnipeg, 14, 315, 382, 392; riots, 470
Wolfe, General James, 242; at Louisbourg, 242; at Quebec, 250-256; wins Canada for England, 256, 257; death of, 257; character of, 260; monuments to, 259, 261; portrait of, 249
Wolseley, Lord, leads British forces against Riel in 1870, 391
Women's Conference, 478
Women's Suffrage, 458, 479
Wyandots (Hurons), 144
York, Duke and Duchess of, 460
York. See Toronto
Yukon, the, discovery of gold in, 430