| 1494 | Treaty of Tordesillas (June 7). |
| 1519 | Maghallanesʼ expedition sailed, resulting in discovery of the Philippines. |
| 1521 | Death of Hernando Maghallanes (April 27). |
| 1522 | Elcano completed his voyage round the world (Sept. 6). |
| 1542 | The Villalobos expedition sailed from Mexico (Nov. 1). |
| 1545–63 | Council of Trent (Dec, 1545, to Dec, 1563). Decrees published in 1564. |
| 1564 | The Legaspi expedition sailed from Mexico (Nov. 21). |
| 1565 | Miguel de Legaspi landed in Cebú. |
| —— | Austin friarsʼ first arrival. |
| —— | The image of “The Holy Child” was found on Cebú shore. |
| —— | Cebú became the capital of the Philippines. |
| 1571 | Manila became the capital of the Philippines. |
| 1572 | Death of Miguel de Legaspi (Aug. 20). |
| 1574 | Li-ma-hong, the Chinese corsair, attacked Manila (Nov.). |
| 1576 | Death of Juan Salcedo, Legaspiʼs grandson (March 11). |
| 1577 | Franciscan friarsʼ first arrival. |
| 1578 | Parish church at Manila was raised to the dignity of a cathedral. |
| 1580 | The Alcayceria (for Chinese) was established in Binondo (Manila). |
| 1581 | Dominican friarsʼ first arrival. |
| —— | Domingo Salazár, first Bishop of Manila, took possession. |
| 1587 | Alonso Sanchezʼs mission to King Philip II. Consequent reforms. |
| 1590 | The walls of Manila City were built about this year. |
| 1593 | Japanese Emperor demanded the surrender of the Islands. |
| —— | First mission of friars from Manila to Japan. |
| 1596 | First expedition went to subdue the Mindanao natives. |
| 1598 | Ignacio de Santibañez, first Archbishop of Manila, took possession. |
| 1603 | Chinese mandarins came to see the “Mount of Gold” in Cavite. |
| —— | Massacre of Chinese; about 24,000 slain or captured. |
| 1604 | Los Baños hospital, church, and convent were established. |
| 1606 | Recoleto friarsʼ first arrival. |
| 1613 | The Spanish victory (over the Dutch) of Playa Honda. |
| 1616 | Earliest recorded eruption of the Mayon Volcano. |
| 1622 | Rebellion in Bojol Island led by Dagóhoy. |
| 1626 | The image of “The Virgin of Antipolo” was first brought to Manila. |
| —— | A Spanish colony was founded in Formosa Island. |
| 1638 | Corcueraʼs expedition against the Moros landed in Sulu Island. |
| 1640 | Foundation of the sultanate of Mindanao. |
| —— | Separation of Spain and Portugal. |
| 1640 | Spain made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Macao. |
| 1641 | Earliest recorded eruption of the Taal Volcano. |
| 1642 | Attempts to proselytize Japan ceased. |
| 1645 | Saint Thomasʼ College was raised to the status of a university. |
| 1649 | Rebellion of “King” Málong and “Count” Gumapos. |
| 1660 | Massacre of Chinese. |
| 1662 | Koxinga, a Chinese adventurer, threatened invasion. |
| —— | Great Massacre of Chinese in Manila. |
| 1669 | The “Letter of Anathema” was publicly read for the first time. |
| 1684 | Spanish Prime Minister Valenzuela was banished to Cavite. |
| 1700 | First admission of natives into the Religious Orders. |
| 1718 | The “Letter of Anathema” was publicly read for the last time. |
| 1719 | Friars in open riot incited the populace to rebellion. |
| 1751 | Sultan Muhamad Alimudin was imprisoned in Manila. |
| 1754 | Taal Volcano eruption destroyed Taal, Tanañan, Sala, Lipa, etc. |
| —— | First regular military organization. |
| —— | Treaty with Sultan Muhamad Alimudin (March 3). |
| 1755 | Banishment of 2,070 Chinese from Manila. |
| 1762–63 | British occupation of Manila. |
| 1762 | Rebellion in Ilocos Province led by Diego de Silan. |
| 1763 | Sultan Muhamad Alimudin was restored to his throne by the British. |
| 1768 | Expulsion of the Jesuits ordered (R. Decree, 1768; Papal Brief, 1769). |
| 1770 | Expulsion of the Jesuits was effectuated. |
| —— | Simon de Anda y Salazár became Gov.-General by appointment. |
| 1776 | Death of Simon de Anda y Salazár (Oct. 30). |
| 1781 | Government Tobacco Monopoly was established. |
| 1785 | The Real Compañia de Filipinas was founded (March 10). |
| 1810 | Philippine deputies were first admitted to the Spanish Parliament. |
| 1811 | The last State galleon left Manila for Mexico. |
| 1815 | The last State galleon left Acapulco (Mexico) for Manila. |
| 1819 | Secession of Mexico from the Spanish Crown. |
| 1820 | Massacre of foreigners in Manila and Cavite (Oct. 9). |
| 1822 | First Manila news-sheet (El Filántropo) was published. |
| 1823 | Rebellion of Andrés Novales (June). |
| 1830 | The first Philippine bank was opened about this year. |
| 1831 | Zamboanga port was opened to foreign trade. |
| 1834 | Manila port was unrestrictedly opened to foreign trade. |
| 1835 | Rebellion in Cavite led by Feliciano Páran. |
| 1837 | Philippine deputies were excluded from the Spanish Parliament. |
| 1841 | Apolinario de la Cruz declared himself “King of the Tagálogs.” |
| 1843 | Chinese shops were first allowed to trade on equal terms. |
| 1844 | Claveriaʼs expedition against the Moros. |
| —— | Foreigners were excluded from the interior of the Islands. |
| —— | The office of Trading-Governor was abolished. |
| 1851 | Urbiztondoʼs expedition against the Moros. |
| 1852 | Manila City thenceforth remained open day and night. |
| —— | The Banco Español-Filipino was instituted. |
| 1854 | Rebellion of Cuesta. |
| 1855 | Yloilo port was opened to foreign trade. |
| 1857 | The Manila mint was established. |
| 1859 | Return of the Jesuits to the Philippines. |
| 1801 | Dr. José Rizal, the Philippine patriot, was born (June 19). |
| 1863 | Manila City and Cathedral damaged by earthquake; 2,000 victims. |
| —— | Cebú port was opened to foreign trade. |
| 1868–70 | The Assembly of Reformists in Manila. |
| 1869 | General Emilio Aguinaldo was born (March 22). |
| 1870 | Rebellion in Cavite led by Camerino. |
| 1872 | The Cavite Conspiracy (Jan.). |
| 1875 | Failure of Russell & Sturgis. |
| 1876 | Malcampoʼs expedition against the Moros. Joló annexed. |
| 1877 | England and Germany recognized Spainʼs rights in Sulu. |
| 1880 | The last destructive earthquake affecting Manila. |
| —— | The Hong-Kong-Manila submarine cable was laid (via Bolinao). |
| 1883 | Tobacco free planting was thenceforth permitted (Jan. 1). |
| —— | Tobacco free export was thenceforth permitted (July 1). |
| 1884 | The “Carriedo” endowment water-supply for Manila was established. |
| —— | Tribute and Poll Tax were abolished and Cédula personal introduced. |
| 1886 | Petition to the Crown asking for the expulsion of the Chinese. |
| —— | The office of Judge-Governor was abolished. |
| —— | Investiture in Manila of Sultan Harun Narrasid (Sept. 24). |
| —— | Capuchin friarsʼ first arrival. |
| 1887 | Terreroʼs expedition against the Moro Datto Utto. |
| —— | Colonel Juan Arolasʼ victory in Sulu Island. Capture of Maybun (April 16). |
| —— | Philippine Exhibition was held in Madrid. |
| 1890 | Municipalities in the christian provinces were created. |
| 1891 | The first Philippine railway was opened to traffic. |
| 1895 | The Marahui campaign against the Moros of Mindanao Island. |
| —— | Benedictine friarsʼ first arrival. |
| 1896 | The Tagálog Rebellion opened (August 20). |
| —— | First battle of the Rebellion (San Juan del Monte, Aug. 30). |
| —— | Gov.-General Ramon Blanco was recalled to Spain (Dec). |
| —— | Gov.-General Polavieja arrived in Manila (Dec). |
| —— | Dr. José Rizal, the Philippine patriot, was executed (Dec. 30). |
| 1897 | Gov.-General Polavieja left Manila for Spain (April 15). |
| —— | Gov.-General Primo de Rivera returned to Manila (April). |
| —— | First issue of the first Philippine Loan (July 15). |
| —— | Treaty of Biac-na-bató is alleged to have been signed (Dec. 14). |
| —— | General Emilio Aguinaldo went into exile under treaty (Dec. 27). |
| —— | Tremendous tidal wave on Leyte Island. Life and property destroyed. |
| 1898 | Tragedy of the Calle de Camba, Manila (March 23). |
| —— | Rebel rising in Cebú Island (April 3). |
| —— | Gov.-General Primo de Rivera left Manila for Spain (April). |
| —— | Gov.-General Basilio Augusti arrived in Manila (April). |
| —— | The Spanish-American War began (April 23). |
| —— | Battle of Cavite. The Spanish fleet destroyed (May 1). |
| —— | General Emilio Aguinaldo returned from exile to Cavite (May 19). |
| —— | General Emilio Aguinaldo assumed the Dictature (May 24). |
| —— | Constitution of the Revolutionary Government promulgated (June 23). |
| —— | Revolutionistsʼ appeal to the Powers for recognition (Aug. 6). |
| —— | Spanish-American Protocol of Peace signed in Washington (Aug. 12). |
| —— | American occupation of Manila (Aug. 13). |
| —— | Capitulation of Manila to the Americans (Aug. 14). |
| —— | Malolos (Bulacan) became the Revolutionary capital (Sept. 15). |
| —— | American and Spanish peace commissioners met in Paris (Oct. 1). |
| 1898 | Capitulation of the Spaniards in Negros island to the rebels (Nov. 6). |
| —— | Treaty of Peace between America and Spain (Paris, Dec. 10). |
| —— | Evacuation of Panay Island by the Spaniards (Dec. 24). |
| —— | Evacuation of Cebú Island by the Spaniards (Dec. 26). |
| 1899 | Evacuation of Cottabato by the Spaniards (Jan). |
| —— | Constitution of the Philippine Republic was promulgated (Jan. 22). |
| —— | The War of Independence began (Feb. 4). |
| —— | Bombardment of Yloilo (Feb. 11). |
| —— | American occupation of Cebú City (Feb. 22). |
| —— | American occupation of Bojol Island (March). |
| —— | Malolos, the revolutionary capital, was captured (March 31). |
| —— | The Schurman Commission appointed (Jan. 20); in Manila (May 2). |
| —— | Evacuation of Zamboanga by the Spaniards (May 23). |
| —— | Violent death of General Antonio Luna (June 3). |
| —— | The Ladrone, Caroline, and Pelew Is. (minus Guam) sold to Germany (June). |
| —— | The Aglipayan schism began. |
| —— | The Bates agreement with the Sultan of Sulu (Aug.). |
| —— | American occupation of Zamboanga (Nov. 16). |
| —— | Death of General Lawton (Dec). |
| 1900 | Monsignor P. L. Chapelle, papal delegate, arrived in Manila (Jan. 2). |
| —— | The Taft Commission appointed (Mar. 16); in Manila (June 3). |
| —— | The Philippine Commission became the legislative body (Sept. 1). |
| 1901 | General surrender of the Panay insurgent army (Feb. 2). |
| —— | Capture of General Emilio Aguinaldo (Mar. 23). |
| —— | General Emilio Aguinaldo swore allegiance to America (April 1). |
| —— | The Philippine Commission assumed full (civil) executive power (July 4). |
| —— | General surrender of Cebuáno chiefs (Oct.). |
| —— | General surrender of Bojoláno chiefs (Dec). |
| 1902 | Capture of V. Lucban, the last recognized insurgent chief (April 27). |
| —— | Mr. W. H. Taft in Rome to negotiate purchase of friarsʼ lands (June). |
| —— | Civil rule throughout the Islands decreed (Congress Act, July 1). |
| —— | War of Independence ended (actually, April 27; officially, July 4). |
| —— | President Rooseveltʼs peace proclamation and amnesty grant (July 4). |
| —— | Military rule (remainder of) declared ended (War Office Order, July 4). |
| —— | Monsignor G. B. Guidi, papal delegate, arrived in Manila (Nov. 18). |
| 1903 | Apolinario Mabini died in Manila (May 13). |
| —— | “The Democratic Labour Union” prosecution (May). |
| —— | Moro Province constituted (Phil. Com. Act No. 787, June 1). |
| —— | Archbishop Nozaleda relinquished the archbishopric of Manila (June). |
| —— | The Philippine peso (“Conant”) issued to the public (July). |
| —— | Moro Province Legislative Council organized (Sept. 2). |
| 1904 | Monsignor J. J. Harty, Archbishop of Manila, arrived (Jan.). |
| —— | Mr. W. H. Taft, appointed Secretary of War, left Manila (Jan.). |
| —— | Mr. Luke E. Wright succeeded Mr. Taft as Civil Governor (Jan.). |
| —— | Greatest inundation of Manila suburbs within living memory (July 11). |
| —— | The “Internal Revenue Law of 1904” in operation (Aug. 1). |
| 1905 | Monsignor Ambrogio Agius, papal delegate, arrived in Manila (Feb. 6). |
| —— | The Philippine Assembly to be convened in 1907 proclaimed (March 28). |
| —— | El Renacimiento prosecution for alleged libel (July). |
| 1906 | English became the official language (Jan. 1; Phil. Com. Act No. 1123). |