Chapter XIX — Rise of the Legend — Life of Joan of Arc by Anatole France

Chapter XIX Rise of the Legend

It is always difficult to ascertain what happens in war. In those days it was quite impossible to form any clear idea of how things came about. At Orléans, doubtless, there were certain who were keen enough to perceive that the numerous and ingenious engines of war, gathered together by the magistrates, had been of great service; but folk generally prefer to ascribe results to miraculous causes, and the merit of their deliverance the people of Orléans attributed first to their Blessed Patrons, Saint Aignan and Saint Euverte, and after them to Jeanne, the Divine Maid, believing that there was no easier, simpler, or more natural explanation of the deeds they had witnessed.1550

Guillaume Girault, former magistrate of the town and notary at the Châtelet, wrote and signed, with his own hand, a brief account of the deliverance of the city. Herein he states that on Wednesday, Ascension Eve, the bastion of Saint-Loup was stormed and taken as if by miracle, “there being present, and aiding in the fight, Jeanne the Maid, sent of God;” and that, on the following Saturday, the siege laid by the English to Les Tourelles at the end of the bridge was raised by the most obvious miracle since the Passion. And Guillaume Girault testifies that the Maid led the enterprise.1551 When eye-witnesses, participators in the deeds themselves, had no clear idea of events, what could those more remote from the scene of action think of them?

The tidings of the French victories flew with astonishing rapidity.1552 The brevity of authentic accounts was amply supplemented by the eloquence of loquacious clerks and the popular imagination. The Loire campaign and the coronation expedition were scarcely known at first save by fabulous reports, and the people only thought of them as supernatural events.

In the letters sent by royal secretaries to the towns of the realm and the princes of Christendom, the name of Jeanne the Maid was associated with all the deeds of prowess. Jeanne herself, by her monastic scribe, made known to all the great deeds which, it was her firm belief, she had accomplished.1553

It was believed that everything had been done through her, that the King had consulted her in all things, when in truth the King’s counsellors and the Captains rarely asked her advice, listened to it but seldom, and brought her forth only at convenient seasons. Everything was attributed to her alone. Her personality, associated with deeds attested and seemingly marvellous, became buried in a vast cycle of astonishing fables and disappeared in a forest of heroic stories.1554

Contrite souls there were in those days, who, ascribing all the woes of the kingdom to the sins of the people, looked for salvation to humility, repentance, and penance.1555 They expected the end of iniquity and the kingdom of God on earth. Jeanne, at least in the beginning, was one of those pious folk. Sometimes, speaking as a mystic reformer, she would say that Jesus is King of the holy realm of France, that King Charles is his lieutenant, and does but hold the kingdom “in fief.”1556 She uttered words which would create the impression that her mission was all charity, peace, and love,—these, for example, “I am sent to comfort the poor and needy.”1557 Such gentle penitents as dreamed of a world pure, faithful, and good, made of Jeanne their saint and their prophetess. They ascribed to her edifying words she had never uttered.

“When the Maid came to the King,” they said, “she caused him to make three promises: the first was to resign his kingdom, to renounce it and give it back to God, from whom he held it; the second, to pardon all such as had turned against him and afflicted him; the third, to humiliate himself so far as to receive into favour all such as should come to him, poor and rich, friend and foe.”1558

Or again, in apologues, simple and charming, like the following, they represented her accomplishing her mission:

“One day, the Maid asked the King to bestow a present upon her; and when he consented, she claimed as a gift the realm of France. Though astonished, the King did not withdraw his promise. Having received her present, the Maid required a deed of gift to be solemnly drawn up by four of the King’s notaries and read aloud. While the King listened to the reading, she pointed him out to those that stood by, saying: ‘Behold the poorest knight in the kingdom.’ Then, after a short time, disposing of the realm of France, she gave it back to God. Thereafter, acting in God’s name, she invested King Charles with it and commanded that this solemn act of transmission should be recorded in writing.”1559

It was believed that Jeanne had prophesied that on Saint John the Baptist’s Day, 1429, not an Englishman should be left in France.1560 These simple folk expected their saint’s promises to be fulfilled on the day she had fixed. They maintained that on the 23rd of June she had entered the city of Rouen, and that on the morrow, Saint John the Baptist’s day, the inhabitants of Paris had of their own accord, opened their gates to the King of France. In the month of July these stories were being told in Avignon.1561 Reformers, numerous it would seem in France and throughout Christendom, believed that the Maid would organise the English and French on monastic lines and make of them one nation of pious beggars, one brotherhood of penitents. According to them, the following were the intentions of the two parties and the clauses of the treaty:

“King Charles of Valois bestows universal pardon and is willing to forget all wrongs. The English and French, having turned to contrition and repentance, are endeavouring to conclude a good and binding peace. The Maid herself has imposed conditions upon them. Conforming to her will, the English and French for one year or for two will wear a grey habit, with a little cross sewn upon it; on every Friday they will live on bread and water; they will dwell in unity with their wives and will seek no other women. They promise God not to make war except for the defense of their country.”1562

During the coronation campaign, nothing being known of the agreement between the King’s men and the people of Auxerre, towards the end of July, it was related that the town having been taken by storm, four thousand five hundred citizens had been killed and likewise fifteen hundred men-at-arms, knights as well as squires belonging to the parties of Burgundy and Savoy. Among the nobles slain were mentioned Humbert Maréchal, Lord of Varambon, and a very famous warrior, le Viau de Bar. Stories were told of treasons and massacres, horrible adventures in which the Maid was associated with that knave of hearts who was already famous. She was said to have had twelve traitors beheaded.1563 Such tales were real romances of chivalry. Here is one of them:

About two thousand English surrounded the King’s camp, watching to see if they could do him some hurt. Then the Maid called Captain La Hire and said to him: “Thou hast in thy time done great prowess, but to-day God prepares for thee a deed greater than any thou hast yet performed. Take thy men and go to such and such a wood two leagues herefrom, and there shalt thou find two thousand English, all lance in hand; them shalt thou take and slay.”

La Hire went forth to the English and all were taken and slain as the Maid had said.1564

Such were the fairy-stories told of Jeanne to the joy of simple primitive folk, who delighted in the idea of a maid slayer of giants and remover of mountains.

There was a rumour that after the sack of Auxerre, the Duke of Burgundy had been defeated and taken in a great battle, that the Regent was dead and that the Armagnacs had entered Paris.1565 Prodigies were said to have attended the capitulation of Troyes. On the coming of the French, it was told how the townsfolk beheld from their ramparts a vast multitude of men-at-arms, some five or six thousand, each man holding a white pennon in his hand. On the departure of the French, they beheld them again, ranged but a bow-shot behind King Charles. These knights with white pennons vanished when the King had gone; for they were as miraculous as those white-scarfed knights, whom the Bretons had seen riding in the sky but shortly before.1566

All that the people of Orléans beheld when their siege was suddenly raised, all that Armagnac mendicants and the Dauphin’s clerks related was greedily received, accredited, and amplified. Three months after her coming to Chinon, Jeanne had her legend, which grew and increased and extended into Italy, Flanders, and Germany.1567 In the summer of 1429, this legend was already formed. All the scattered parts of what may be described as the gospel of her childhood existed.

At the age of seven Jeanne kept sheep; the wolves did not molest her flock; the birds of the field, when she called them, came and ate bread from her lap. The wicked had no power over her. No one beneath her roof need fear man’s fraud or ill-will.1568

When it is a Latin poet who is writing, the miracles attending Jeanne’s birth assume a Roman majesty and are clothed with the august dignity of ancient myths. Thus it is curious to find a humanist of 1429 summoning the Italian muse to the cradle of Zabillet Romée’s daughter.

“The thunder rolled, the ocean shuddered, the earth shook, the heavens were on fire, the universe rejoiced visibly; a strange transport mingled with fear moved the enraptured nations. They sing sweet verses and dance in harmonious motion at the sign of the salvation prepared for the French people by this celestial birth.”1569

Moreover an attempt was made to represent the wonders that had heralded the nativity of Jesus as having been repeated on the birth of Jeanne. It was imagined that she was born on the night of the Epiphany. The shepherds of her village, moved by an indescribable joy, the cause of which was unknown to them, hastened through the darkness towards the marvellous mystery. The cocks, heralds of this new joy, sing at an unusual season and, flapping their wings, seem to prophesy for two hours. Thus the child in her cradle had her adoration of the shepherds.1570

Of her coming into France there was much to tell. It was related that in the Château of Chinon she had recognised the King, whom she had never seen before, and had gone straight to him, although he was but poorly clad and surrounded by his baronage.1571 It was said that she had given the King a sign, that she had revealed a secret to him; and that on the revelation of the secret, known to him alone, he had been illuminated with a heavenly joy. Concerning this interview at Chinon, while those present had little to say, the stories of many who were not there were interminable.1572

On the 7th of May, at four o’clock in the afternoon, a white dove alighted on the Maid’s standard; and on the same day, during the assault, two white birds were seen to be flying over her head.1573 Saints were commonly visited by doves. One day when Saint Catherine of Sienna was kneeling in the fuller’s house, a dove as white as snow perched on the child’s head.1574

A tale then in circulation is interesting as showing the idea which prevailed concerning the relations of the King and the Maid; it serves, likewise, as an example of the perversions to which the story of an actual fact is subject as it passes from mouth to mouth. Here is the tale as it was gathered by a German merchant.

On a day, in a certain town, the Maid, hearing that the English were near, went into the field; and straightway all the men-at-arms, who were in the town, leapt to their steeds and followed her. Meanwhile, the King, who was at dinner, learning that all were going forth in company with the Maid, had the gates of the town closed.

The Maid was told, and she replied without concern: “Before the hour of nones, the King will have so great need of me, that he will follow me immediately, spurless, and barely staying to throw on his cloak.”

And thus it came to pass. For the men-at-arms shut up in the town besought the King to open the gates forthwith or they would break them down. The gates were opened and all the fighting men hastened to the Maid, heedless of the King, who threw on his cloak and followed them.

On that day a great number of the English were slain.1575

Such is the story which gives a very inaccurate representation of what happened at Orléans on the 6th of May. The citizens hastened in crowds to the Burgundian Gate, resolved to cross the Loire and attack Les Tourelles. Finding the gate closed, they threw themselves furiously on the Sire de Gaucourt who was keeping it. The aged baron had the gate opened wide and said to them, “Come, I will be your captain.”1576 In the story the citizens have become men-at-arms, and it is not the Sire de Gaucourt but the King who maliciously closes the gates. But the King gained nothing by it; and it is astonishing to find that so early there had grown up in the minds of the people the idea that, far from aiding the Maid to drive out the English, the King had put obstacles in her way and was always the last to follow her.

Seen through this chaos of stories more indistinct than the clouds in a stormy sky, Jeanne appeared a wondrous marvel. She prophesied and many of her prophecies had already been fulfilled. She had foretold the deliverance of Orléans and Orléans had been delivered. She had prophesied that she would be wounded, and an arrow had pierced her above the right breast. She had prophesied that she would take the King to Reims, and the King had been crowned in that city. Other prophecies had she uttered touching the realm of France, to wit, the deliverance of the Duke of Orléans, the entering into Paris, the driving of the English from the holy kingdom, and their fulfilment was expected.1577

Every day she prophesied and notably concerning divers persons who had failed in respect towards her and had come to a bad end.1578

At Chinon, when she was being taken to the King, a man-at-arms who was riding near the château, thinking he recognised her, asked, “Is not that the Maid? By God, an I had my way she should not be a maid long.”

Then Jeanne prophesied and said “Ha, thou takest God’s name in vain, and thou art so near thy death!”

Less than an hour later the man fell into the water and was drowned.1579

Straightway this miracle was related in Latin verse. In the poem which records this miraculous history of Jeanne up to the deliverance of Orléans, the lewd blasphemer, who like all blasphemers, came to a bad end, is noble and by name Furtivolus.1580

... generoso sanguine natus,
Nomine Furtivolus, veneris moderator iniquus.

Captain Glasdale called Jeanne strumpet and blasphemed his Maker. Jeanne prophesied that he would die without shedding blood; and Glasdale was drowned in the Loire.1581

Many of these tales were obvious imitations of incidents in the lives of the saints, which were widely read in those days. A woman, who was a heretic, pulled the cassock of Saint Ambrose, whereupon the blessed bishop said to her, “Take heed lest one day thou be chastised of God.” On the morrow the woman died, and the Blessed Ambrose conducted her to the grave.1582

A nun, who was then alive and who was to die in an odour of sanctity, Sister Colette of Corbie, had met her Furtivolus and had punished him, but less severely. On a day when she was praying in a church of Corbie, a stranger drew near and spoke to her libidinous words: “May it please God,” she said, “to bring home to you the hideousness of the words you have just uttered.” The stranger in shame went to the door. But an invisible hand arrested him on the threshold. Then he realised the gravity of his sin; he asked pardon of the saint and was free to leave the church.1583

After the royal army had departed from Gien, the Maid was said to have prophesied that a great battle would be fought between Auxerre and Reims.1584 When such predictions were not fulfilled they were forgotten. Besides, it was admitted that true prophets might sometimes utter false prophecies. A subtle theologian distinguished between prophecies of predestination which are always fulfilled and those of condemnation, which being conditioned, may not be fulfilled and that without reflecting untruthfulness on the lips that uttered them.1585 Folk wondered that a peasant child should be able to forecast the future, and with the Apostle they cried, “I praise thee, O Father, because thou hast hidden those things from the wise and prudent and revealed them unto babes.”

The Maid’s prophecies were speedily spread abroad throughout the whole of Christendom.1586 A clerk of Spiers wrote a treatise on her, entitled Sibylla Francica, divided into two parts. The first part was drawn up not later than July, 1429. The second is dated the 17th of September, the same year. This clerk believes that the Maid practised the art of divination by means of astrology. He had heard a French monk of the order of the Premonstratensians 1587 say that Jeanne delighted to study the heavens by night. He observes that all her prophecies concerned the kingdom of France; and he gives the following as having been uttered by the Maid: “After having ruled for twenty years, the Dauphin will sleep with his fathers. After him, his eldest son, now a child of six, will reign more gloriously, more honourably, more powerfully than any King of France since Charlemagne.”1588

The Maid possessed the gift of beholding events which were taking place far away.

At Vaucouleurs, on the very day of the Battle of the Herrings, she knew the Dauphin’s army had suffered grievous hurt.1589

On a day when she was dining, seated near the King, she began to laugh quietly. The King, perceiving, asked her: “My beloved, wherefore laugh ye so merrily?”

She made answer that she would tell him when the repast was over. And, when the ewer was brought her, “Sire,” she said, “this day have been drowned in the sea five hundred English, who were crossing to your land to do you hurt. Therefore did I laugh. In three days you will know that it is true.”

And so it was.1590

Another time, when she was in a town some miles distant from the château where the King was, as she prayed before going to sleep, it was revealed to her that certain of the King’s enemies wished to poison him at dinner. Straightway she called her brothers and sent them to the King to advise him to take no food until she came.

When she appeared before him, he was at table surrounded by eleven persons.

“Sire,” she said, “have the dishes brought.”

She gave them to the dogs, who ate from them and died forthwith.

Then, pointing to a knight, who was near the King and to two other guests: “Those persons,” she said, “wished to poison you.”

The knight straightway confessed that it was true; and he was dealt with according to his deserts.1591

It was borne in upon her that a certain priest kept a concubine;1592 and one day, meeting in the camp a woman dressed as a man, it was revealed to her that the woman was pregnant and that having already had one child she had made away with it.1593

She was likewise said to possess the power of discovering things hidden. She herself had claimed this power when she was at Tours. It had been revealed to her that a sword was buried in the ground in the chapel of Saint Catherine of Fierbois, and that was the sword she wore. Some deemed it to be the sword with which Charles Martel had defeated the Saracens. Others suspected it of being the sword of Alexander the Great.1594

In like manner it was said that before the coronation Jeanne had known of a precious crown, hidden from all eyes. And here is the story told concerning it:

A bishop kept the crown of Saint Louis. No one knew which bishop it was, but it was known that the Maid had sent him a messenger, bearing a letter in which she asked him to give up the crown. The bishop replied that the Maid was dreaming. A second time she demanded the sacred treasure, and the bishop made the same reply. Then she wrote to the citizens of the episcopal city, saying that if the crown were not given up to the King, the Lord would punish the town, and straightway there fell so heavy a storm of hail that all men marvelled. Wizards commonly caused hail storms. But this time the hail was a plague sent by the God who afflicted Egypt with ten plagues. After which the Maid despatched to the citizens a third letter in which she described the form and fashion of the crown the bishop was hiding, and warned them that if it were not given up even worse things would happen to them. The bishop, who believed that the wondrous circlet of gold was known to him alone, marvelled that the form and fashion thereof should be described in this letter. He repented of his wickedness, wept many tears, and commanded the crown to be sent to the King and the Maid.1595

It is not difficult to discern the origin of this story. The crown of Charlemagne, which the kings of France wore at the coronation ceremony, was at Saint-Denys in France, in the hands of the English. Jeanne boasted of having given the Dauphin at Chinon a precious crown, brought by angels. She said that this crown had been sent to Reims for the coronation, but that it did not arrive in time.1596 As for the hiding of the crown by the bishop, that idea arose probably from the well-known cupidity of my Lord Regnault de Chartres, Archbishop of Reims, who had appropriated the silver vase intended for the chapter and placed by the King upon the high altar after the ceremony.1597

There was likewise talk of gloves lost at Reims and of a cup that Jeanne had found.1598

Maiden, at once a warrior and a lover of peace, béguine, prophetess, sorceress, angel of the Lord, ogress, every man beholds her according to his own fashion, creates her according to his own image. Pious souls clothe her with an invincible charm and the divine gift of charity; simple souls make her simple too; men gross and violent figure her a giantess, burlesque and terrible. Shall we ever discern the true features of her countenance? Behold her, from the first and perhaps for ever enclosed in a flowering thicket of legends!

Volume II

Footnotes

1 “De mon cœur l’orgueilleuse faiblesse,” Racine, Iphigénie en Aulide, Act i, sc. i.—(W.S.)

2 Le P. Lelong, Bibliothèque historique de la France, Paris, 1768 (5 vols. folio), II, n. 17172-17242. Potthast, Bibliotheca medii ævi, Berlin, 1895, 8vo, vol. i, pp. 643 seq. U. Chevalier, Répertoire des sources historiques du Moyen Âge, Paris, 8vo, 1877, pp. 1247-1255; Jeanne d’Arc, bibliographie, Montbéliard, 1878 [selections]; Supplément au Répertoire, Paris, 1883, pp. 2684-2686, 8vo. Lanéry d’Arc, Le livre d’or de Jeanne d’Arc, bibliographie raisonnée et analytique des ouvrages relatifs à Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1894, large 8vo, and supplement. A. Molinier, Les sources de l’histoire de France des origines aux guerres d’Italie, IV: Les Valois, 1328-1461, Paris, 1904, pp. 310-348.

3 Jules Quicherat, Procès de condamnation et de réhabilitation de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 8vo, 1841, vol. i. (Called hereafter Trial.—W.S.)

4 Trial, vol. i, p. 93, passim.

5 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 89, 142, 161, 176, 178, 201.

6 Trial, vol. i, pp. 478 et seq.

7 Cf. J. Quicherat, Aperçus nouveaux sur l’histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1880, pp. 138-144.

8 Evidence of G. Manchon, Trial, vol. ii, p. 14.

9 Ne donnoit point d’argent pour soy faire mettre ès croniques.—Jean de Bueil, Le Jouvencel, ed. C. Fabre and L. Lecestre, Paris, 1887, 8vo, vol. ii, p. 283.

10 Perceval de Cagny, Chroniques, published by H. Moranvillé, Paris, 1902, 8vo.

11 Le sens, mémoire, ne l’abillité de savoir faire metre par escript ce, ne autre chose mendre de plus de la moitié, Perceval de Cagny, p. 31.

12 Trial, vol. iv, p. 1.

13 Ibid., pp. 40-50. D. Godefroy, Histoire de Charles VII, Paris, 1661, fol. pp. 369-474.

14 Jean Chartier, Chronique de Charles VII, roi de France, ed. Vallet de Viriville, Paris, 1858, 3 vols., 18mo. (Bibliothèque Elzévirienne).

15 Lequel Luxembourg la vendit aux Angloix, qui la menèrent à Rouen, où elle fut durement traictée; et tellement que, après grant dillacion de temps, sans procez, maiz de leur voulenté indeue, la firent ardoir en icelle ville de Rouen publiquement... qui fut bien inhumainement fait, veu la vie et gouvernement dont elle vivoit, car elle se confessoit et recepvoit par chacune sepmaine le corps de Nostre Seigneur, comme bonne catholique.—Jean Chartier, Chronique de Charles VII, roi de France, vol. i, p. 122.

16 Jean Chartier, Chronique de Charles VII, roi de France, vol. i, p. 122.

17 Par l’admonestement de ladite Pucelle, Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 87.

18 Fut cause, ibid., vol. i, p. 97.

19 This revolt of the French nobles was so named because various risings of a similar nature had taken place in the city of Prague.—W.S.

20 Journal du siège d’Orléans (1428-1429), ed. P. Charpentier and C. Cuissart, Orléans, 1896, 8vo.

21 The oldest copy extant is dated 1472 (MS. fr. 14665).

22 Journal du siège d’Orléans (1428-1429), p. 87. Trial, vol. iv, p. 162, note.

23 Journal du siège, p. 97. Trial, vol. iii, p. 215.

24 Chronique de la Pucelle, or Chronique de Cousinot, ed. Vallet de Viriville, Paris, 1859, 16mo. (Bibliothèque Gauloise).

25 Mystère du Siège d’Orléans, first published by MM. F. Guessard and E. de Certain, Paris, 1862, 4to, according to the only manuscript, which is preserved in the Vatican Library.—Cf. Étude sur le mystère du siège d’Orléans, by H. Tivier, Paris, 1868, 8vo.

26 Trial, vol. v, p. 309.

27 The Abbé E. Bossard and de Maulde, Gilles de Rais, Maréchal de France, dit Barbe-Bleue (1404-1440), 2nd edition, Paris, 1886, 8vo, pp. 94-113.

28 Un estandart et bannière qui furent à Monseigneur de Reys pour faire la manière de l’assault comment les Tourelles furent prinses sur les Anglois Mistère du siège, p. viii.

29 Mistère du siège, preface, p. x.

30 Quant est de l’ostel de mon père,
Il est en pays de Barois;
Gentilhomme et de noble afaire
Honneste et loyal François.
Mistère du siège, pp. 397-398.

31 ... Ayez en souvenance....
Comment Orléans eult délivrance....
L’an mil iiijc xxix;
Faites en mémoire tous dis;
Des jours de may ce fut le neuf.
Mistère du siège, lines 14375-14381, p. 559.

32 Trial, vol. v, pp. 285 et seq.

33 Relation inédite sur Jeanne d’Arc, extraite du livre noir de l’hôtel de ville de La Rochelle, ed. J. Quicherat, Orléans, 1879, 8vo, and La Revue Historique, vol. iv, 1877, pp. 329-344.

34 Bibl. Nat. fr. 23018: J. Quicherat, Supplément aux témoignages contemporains sur Jeanne d’Arc, in Revue Historique, vol. xix, May-June, 1882, pp. 72-83.

35 Pierre Champion, Guillaume de Flavy, Paris, 1906, in 8vo, pp. xi, xii.

36 Chronique d’Antonio Morosini, introduction and commentary by Germain Lefèvre-Pontalis, text established by Léon Dorez, vol. iii, 1901, p. 302, and vol. iv, supplement xxi.

37 Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Chronique, ed. Doüet-d’Arcq, Paris, 1857-1861, 6 vols. in 8vo.

38 Rabelais, Urquhart’s Trans., ii-49, in Bohn’s edition, 1849 (W.S.). Plus baveux que ung pot de moutarde.—Rabelais, Pantagruel, bk. iii, chap. xxiv.

39 Jehan de Wavrin, Anchiennes croniques d’Engleterre, ed. Mademoiselle Dupont, Paris, 1858-1863, 3 vols., 8vo.

40 Wavrin’s additions to Monstrelet in Trial, vol. iv, p. 407.

41 Chronique de Jean le Fèvre, seigneur de Saint-Rémy, ed. François Morand, Paris, 1876-1881, 2 vols. in 8vo.

42 Chroniques des ducs de Bourgogne, Paris, 1827, 2 vols. in 8vo; vols. xlii and xliii of the Collection des Chroniques françaises, by Buchon. Œuvres de Georges Chastellain, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove, Brussels, 1863, 8 vols. in 8vo.

43 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris (1405-1449), ed. A. Tuetey, Paris, 1881, in 8vo.

44 Chronique d’Antonio Morosini, ed. Léon Dorez and Germain Lefèvre-Pontalis, Paris, 1900-1902, 4 vols. in 8vo.

45 G. Lefèvre-Pontalis, Les sources allemandes de l’histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, Eberhard Windecke, Paris, 1903, in 8vo.

46 Trial, vols. ii to iii, 1844-1845 (vols. v and vi, 1846-1847, contain the evidence).

47 Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d’Arc, 1889, in 8vo. Trial, vol. iii, pp. 411-468.

48 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 378-463.

49 J. Quicherat, Histoire du costume, Paris, 1875, large 8vo, passim. G. Demay, Le costume au moyen âge d’après les sceaux, Paris, 1880, p. 121, figs. 76 and 77.

50 Trial, vol. iii, p. 34.

51 Ibid., p. 100.

52 We must notice, however, that Brother Pasquerel, who was not present either at Chinon or at Poitiers, is careful to say that he knows nothing of Jeanne’s sojourn in these two towns save what she herself has told him. Now we are surprised to find that she herself placed the examination at Poitiers before the audience at Chinon, since she says in her trial that at Chinon, when she gave her King a sign, the clerks ceased to contend with her.—Trial, vol. i, p. 145.

53 Expectando succursum regis, Trial, vol. iii, p. 109.

54 Trial, vol. iii, p. 105.

55 Ibid., pp. 2 et seq.

56 Trial, vol. iii, p. 13.

57 Ibid., p. 15.

58 Ibid., p. 12.

59 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 15, 161, 329; vol. iii, pp. 41 and passim.

60 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 23.

61 L. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise au siège d’Orléans (1428-1429), Orléans, 1892, in 8vo.

62 Trial, vol. iii, p. 20.

63 Ibid., p. 87.

64 Trial, vol. iii, p. 85.

65 Ibid., p. 100. On the other hand see the evidence of Dunois (vol. iii, p. 16), “licet dicta Johanna aliquotiens jocose loqueretur de facto armorum, pro animando armatos... tamen quando loquebatur seriose de guerra... nunquam affirmative asserebat nisi quod erat missa ad levandum obsidionem Aurelianensem.”

66 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 438, 457; vol. iii, pp. 100, 219.

67 Trial, vol. ii, p. 438; vol. iii, pp. 15, 76, 100, 219, and 457.

68 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 89 and 121.

69 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 2 and 35.

70 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 100 et seq.

71 Siméon Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, recherches critiques sur les origines de la mission de la Pucelle, Paris, 1886, in 8vo; La France pendant la guerre de cent ans: épisodes historiques et vie privée aux xiv^e et xv^e siècles, Paris, 1890, in 12mo.

72 D. Lottin, Recherches sur la ville d’Orléans, Orléans, 7 vols. in 8vo; Boucher de Molandon, Les comptes de ville d’Orléans des xiv^e et xv^e siècles, 1880, in 8vo; Jules Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses faites par Charles VII pour secourir Orléans pendant le siège de 1428, Orléans, 1868, in 8vo; Louis Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise au siège d’Orléans, Orléans, 1892, in 8vo; Couret, Un fragment inédit des anciens registres de la prévôté d’Orléans, relatif au règlement des frais du siège de 1428-1429, Orléans, 1697, in 8vo (extract from the Mémoires de l’Académie de Sainte Croix).

73 Rymer, Fœdera, conventiones...., ed. tercia, Hagae Comitis, 1739-1745, 10 vols. in folio; Delpit, Collection de documents français qui se trouvent en Angleterre, Paris, 1847, in 4to; J. Stevenson, Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France during the reign of Henry VI, 1861-1864, 3 parts, in 2 vols. in 8vo; Charles Gross, The Sources and Literature of English History, 1900, in 8vo.

74 Varin, Archives législatives de la ville de Reims, 2nd part; Statuts, vol. i, p. 596; Trial, vol. iv, pp. 284 et seq.

75 E. Robillard de Beaurepaire, Recherches sur le procès de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc, Rouen, 1869, in 8vo [Précis des travaux de l’Académie de Rouen, 1867-1868, pp. 321-448]; Notes sur les juges et les assesseurs du procès de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc, Rouen, 1890, in 8vo [Précis des travaux de l’Académie de Rouen, 1888-1889, pp. 375-504].

76 Trial, vol. v, pp. 342 et seq.

77 Trial, vol. iii, p. 19.

78 Brière de Boismont, De l’hallucination historique, ou étude médico-psychique sur les voix et les révélations de Jeanne d’Arc, 1861, in 8vo. Le Vicomte de Mouchy, Jeanne d’Arc, étude historique et psychologique, Montpellier, 1868, in 8vo, 67 pp.

[79] Vol. ii, Appendix i.

80 Acta Sanctorum, 1675, April, iii, 851.

81 Ibid., March 1, 1532.

82 Le Père Hugues de Saint-François, Les grandeurs de Sainte Anne, Rennes, 1657, in 8vo; L’abbé Max Nicol, Sainte-Anne-d’Auray, Paris, Brussels, s.d., in 8vo, pp. 37 et seq. M. le Docteur G. de Closmadeuc has kindly lent me his valuable work, as yet unpublished, on Yves Nicolazic, which is characterised by the same exactness of information and of criticism as are to be found in his studies of local history.

83 Recueil des ouvrages de la célèbre Mademoiselle Labrousse, du Bourg de Vauxains, en Périgord, canton de Ribeirac de la Dordogne, actuellement prisonnière au château Saint-Ange, à Rome, Bordeaux, 1797, in 8vo; E. Lairtullier, Les femmes célèbres de 1789 à 1795, Paris, 1842, in 8vo, vol. i, pp. 212 et seq.; Abbé Chr. Moreau, Une mystique révolutionnaire Suzette Labrousse, Paris, 1886, in 8vo; A. France, Susette Labrousse, Paris, 1907, in 12mo.

84 Vol. ii, Appendices ii

85 Le P. Ayroles, La vraie Jeanne d’Arc, 5 vols. in large 8vo, Paris, 1894-1902. Writing of this book in a study of L’Abjuration de Jeanne d’Arc (Paris, 1902, pp. 7 and 8, note), Canon Ulysse Chevalier, author of a valuable Répertoire des sources du moyen âge, displays boldness and sound sense. “From the dimensions of these five volumes,” he says, “one might expect this work to be the fullest history of Jeanne d’Arc; it is nothing of the sort. It is a chaos of memoranda translated or rendered into modern French, reflections and arguments against free-thought as represented by Michelet, H. Martin, Quicherat, Vallet de Viriville, Siméon Luce, and Joseph Fabre. Two headings will suffice to give an idea of the book’s tone: The Pseudo-theologians, executioners of Jeanne d’Arc, executioners of the Papacy (vol. i, p. 87); The University of Paris and the Brigandage of Rouen (p. 149). The author too often judges the fifteenth century by the standards of the nineteenth. Is he quite sure that if he had been a member of the University of Paris in 1431 he would have thought and pronounced in favour of Jeanne, and in opposition to his colleagues?”

86 Trial, vol. ii, p. 456.

87 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, monastères hôpitaux en France vers le milieu du xv^ieme siècle, Mâcon, 1897, in 8vo.

88 O. Raguenet, Les juges de Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, membres du Parlement ou gens d’Église? in Lettres et mémoires de l’Académie de Sainte-Croix d’Orléans VII, 1894, pp. 339-442; D. Lacombe, L’hôte de Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, maître Jean Rabateau, Président au Parlement de Poitiers in Revue du Bas-Poitou, 1891, pp. 46-66.

89 Mr. Andrew Lang (La Jeanne d’Arc de M. Anatole France, p. 60) misreads this passage when he takes it to mean that the English withdrew their garrisons from these places. That their ultimate surrender became inevitable after the English retreat from Orléans is what the writer intends to convey.—W.S.

90 Trial, vol. i, p. 146.

91 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 13.

92 Ibid., p. 100. See ante, p. xxvi (note 4).

93 Letter from Alain Chartier in the Trial, vol. v, pp. 135, 136; Capitaine P. Marin, Jeanne d’Arc tacticien et stratégiste, Paris, 1889, 4 vols. in 12mo; Le Général Canonge, Jeanne d’Arc guerrière, Paris, 1907, in 8vo.

94 Rossel et la légende de Jeanne d’Arc in la Petite République of July 15, 1896; Jeanne d’Arc soldat by Art Roë, in le Temps of May 8, 1907. See also the works of Captain Marin, always so praiseworthy for their carefulness and good faith.

95 Trial, vol. iii, p. 16.

96 Alain Chartier, Œuvres, ed. André du Chesne, p. 412.

97 Jean Chartier, Chronique de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 121.

98 See the deliberations of the Commons on December 2, 1421, in Bréquigny, Lettres de rois, reines et autres personnages des cours de France et d’Angleterre, Paris, 1847 (2 vols. in 4to), vol. ii, pp. 393 et seq.

99 For the origin of this term see post, vol. i, p. ²² and note 2.—W.S.

100 For the origin of this term see ibid. and note 1.—W.S.

101 The Reverend Father M. Fornier, Histoire des Alpes-Maritimes, Paris, 1890, in 8vo, vol. ii, p. 324; Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations, pp. 565 et seq.

102 Trial, vol. iii, p. 117; Perceval de Cagny, p. 168; Marquis de Gaucourt, Le sire de Gaucourt, Orléans, 1855, in 8vo.

103 Perceval de Cagny, pp. 168, 170, 171; Cronicques de Normendie, ed. Hellot, pp. 77, 78.

104 Perceval de Cagny, pp. 170, 171; Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 313; Héraut Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 48.

105 H. Martin, Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1856, in 12mo; J. Quicherat, Nouvelles preuves des trahisons essuyées par la Pucelle in Revue de Normandie, vol. vi (1866), pp. 396-401.

106 Even when the canons who took part in the trial are severally considered. Cf. Ch. de Beaurepaire, Recherches sur le procès de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc, Rouen, 1869, in 8vo.

107 Or at least the conclusions of the doctors which have been preserved. As for the register itself it could not have contained anything of great importance. From their evidence at the rehabilitation trial we see that the Poitiers clerks were not desirous for much to be said of their inquiry.

108 Aug. Vallet, Observation sur l’ancien monument érigé à Orléans, Paris, 1858, in 8vo.

109 See a curious project for the decoration of the platform of the Pont-Neuf addressed to Louis XIV (B.N.V., p. ^zz338, in fol.). A Sieur Dupuis, Aide des Cérémonies, proposes that thereon shall be erected statues to “those great and illustrious captains who from reign to reign have valiantly maintained the dignity of the crown.... Artus of Bretagne, Constable, Jean, Count of Dunois, Jeanne Dark, Maid of Orléans, Roger de Gramont, Count of Guiche, Guillaume, Count of Chaumont, Amaury de Severac, Vignoles, called La Hire....” (Communications of M. Paul Lacombe, Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de Paris, 1894, p. 115, June 11, 1907. Ibid.)

110 Puellæ Aureliensis causa adversariis orationibus disceptata auctore Jacobo Jolio, Parisiis apud Julianum Bertant, 1609.

111 Jean Hordal, Heroinae nobilissimae Ioannæ Darc Lotharingæ vulgo aurelianensis puellæ historia, Ponti-Mussi, 1612, in 8vo.

112 Rabelais, Gargantua, chap. vi; Abbé Thiers, Traité des superstitions selon l’Écriture sainte, Paris, 1697, vol. i, p. 109.

113 Edmond Richer, Histoire de la Pucelle d’Orléans en 4 livres, MS. Biblioth. Nat. f. Fr. 10448, fol. 12mo.

114 “The Life of Saint Catherine, virgin and martyr, is fabulous throughout from beginning to end,” Valesiana, p. 48. “M. de Launoy, doctor of theology, had cut Saint Catherine, virgin and martyr, out of his calendar. He said that her life was a myth, and to show that he placed no faith in it, every year when the feast of the saint came round, he said a Requiem mass. This curious circumstance I learn from his own telling,” Ibid., p. 36.

115 Jean Chapelain, La Pucelle ou la France délivrée, Paris, 1656, in fol.

116 Œuvres de messire Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, Paris, in 4to, vol. xi, 1749, numbered pages; vol. xii, pp. 234 et seq. Cf. what he says of inspired persons in l’Instruction sur les états d’oraison, Paris, 1697, in 8vo.

117 “This girl called Jeanne d’Arq... had been a servant in an inn,” loc. cit., p. 233.

118 We must not be too severe on a tutor’s note-books. But Bossuet, who places the rehabilitation under the date 1431, does not tell us that it was only pronounced twenty-five years later. On the contrary, as far as he is concerned, we might conclude that it occurred before the deliverance of Compiègne. The following are his words: “In execution of this sentence, she was burned alive at Rouen in 1431. The English spread the rumour that at the last she had admitted the revelations which she had so loudly boasted to be false. But some time afterwards the Pope appointed commissioners. Her trial was solemnly revised and her conduct approved of by a final sentence which the Pope himself confirmed. The Burgundians were forced to raise the siege of Compiègne,” loc. cit. p. 236. Mézeray is more credulous than Bossuet; he mentions “the Saints Catherine and Margaret, who purified her soul with heavenly conversations, wherefore she venerated them with a particular devotion.” In relating the trial, he like Bossuet, ignores the Vice-Inquisitor (Histoire de France, vol. ii, 1746, in folio, pp. 11 et seq.)

119 Voltaire ed. Beuchot, vol. xxvi. Cf. also Essai sur les mœurs, chap. lxxx. “Finally, being accused of having once resumed man’s dress, which had been left near her on purpose to tempt her, her judges... declared her a relapsed heretic and caused to be burnt at the stake one who in heroic ages, when men erected altars to their liberators, would have had an altar raised to her for having served her King. Afterwards Charles VII rehabilitated her memory, which her death itself had sufficiently honoured.”

120 L’Abbé Lenglet du Fresnoy, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, vierge, héroïne et martyre d’État suscitée par la Providence pour rétablir la monarchie française, tirée des procès et pièces originales du temps, Paris, 1753-1754, 3 vols. in 12mo.

121 F. de L’Averdy, Mémorial lu au comité des manuscrits concernant la recherche à faire des minutes originales des différentes affaires qui ont eu lieu par rapport à Jeanne d’Arc, appelée communément la Pucelle d’Orléans, Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1787, in 4to; Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque du roi, lus au comité établi par sa Majesté dans l’Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Paris, Imp. Royale, 1790, vol. iii.

122 “Modern times present but two fine subjects for an epic poem, the Crusades and the Discovery of the New World” (ed. 1802, Paris, vol. ii, p. 7).

123 “The illustrious Jeanne d’Arc has proved that there is no miracle which the French genius is incapable of working when national independence is at stake” (Moniteur of 10 Pluviose, year XI, January 30, 1803). For the approval of the First Consul: facsimile in A. Sarrazin, Jeanne d’Arc et la Normandie, p. 600. [Original taken from the Reiset collection.]

124 Le Brun de Charmettes, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc surnommée la Pucelle d’Orléans, Paris, 1817, 4 vols. in 8vo.

125 Michelet, Histoire de France, vol. v.

126 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, Paris, 1863, in 8vo.

127 H. Wallon, Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1860, 2 vols. in 8vo.

128 M. Sepet, Jeanne d’Arc, with an introduction by Léon Gautier, Tours, 1869, in 8vo.

129 Chanoine Dunand, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, Toulouse, 1898-1899, 3 vols. in 8vo.

130 Joseph Fabre, Jeanne d’Arc libératrice de la France, new edition, Paris, 1894, in 12mo.

131 Procès de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc...., translated with commentary by J. Fabre, new edition, Paris, 1895, in 18mo.

132 Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, op. cit.; La France pendant la guerre de Cent Ans, op. cit.

133 Lanéry d’Arc, Le livre d’Or de Jeanne d’Arc, Nos. 2080 to 2112.

134 A. Thomas, Le mot “Patrie” et Jeanne d’Arc in Revue des Idées, July 15, 1906.

135 Les œuvres de Maistre Alain Chartier, published by André Duchesne, Paris, 1642, in 4to, p. 410.

136 Trial, vol. ii, p. 436. See post, vol. i, p. ⁸².

137 Froissart, Chroniques, book i, chap. 128.

138 Jean Juvénal des Ursins in Buchon, Choix des Chroniques, iv.

139 Rymer, Fœdera, vol. ix, p. 427.

140 Pantagruel, book iv, chap. lxvii.

141 La Pucelle, Preface.

142 Germain Lefèvre-Pontalis, Les sources allemandes de l’histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 93.

143 Imitation velvet.

144 See the picture of 1581, preserved in the Orléans Museum and reproduced in Wallon’s Jeanne d’Arc, p. 466.

145 La Danse des Morts, painted at Berne between 1515 and 1520 by Nicolas Manuel, lithographed by Guillaume Stettler, s.d. in folio oblong, engraving xx. M. Salomon Reinach believes this prototype may be found in the Judiths of Cranach.

146 Lanéry d’Arc, Le livre d’Or de Jeanne d’Arc, Iconography, Nos. 2080-2112.

147 J. Ch. Chappellier, Étude historique et géographique sur Domremy, pays de Jeanne d’Arc, Saint-Dié, 1890, in 8vo. É. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1894, in 18mo.

148 This may be inferred from vol. i, p. 46, of the Trial. But Jeanne did not know how old she was when she left her father’s house (Trial, vol. i, p. 51). I have ignored the letter of Perceval de Boulainvilliers, p. 116, vol. v, of the Trial. It is quite unauthentic and is too much in the manner of a hagiologist. See post, p. ⁴⁶⁸, note 1.

149 Darc (Trial, vol. i, p. 191; vol. ii, p. 82). Dars (Siméon Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. 360). Day (Trial, vol. v, p. 150). Daiz (furnished by M. Pierre Champion). This document appears to justify the pronunciation Jeanne d’Arc. Concerning the orthography of the name d’Arc, cf. Lanéry d’Arc, Livre d’or de Jeanne d’Arc, notes 647-657.

150 Trial, vol. i, pp. 46, 208. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, La famille de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1878, in 8vo, p. 185; Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, Orléans, 1879, in 12mo, p. x, passim. Boucher de Molandon, Jacques d’Arc, père de la Pucelle, Orléans, 1885, in 8vo.

151 See post, pp. ⁵⁷, ⁴⁵¹, ⁴⁵².

152 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 378 et seq.

153 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 191, 208; vol. ii, p. 74, note 1. Armand Boucher de Crèvecœur, Les Romée et les de Perthes, famille maternelle de Jeanne d’Arc, Abbeville, 1891, in 8vo. Lanéry d’Arc, Livre d’or, notes 1278-1308.

154 Du Cange, Glossaire, under the word Romeus. G. de Braux, Jeanne d’Arc à Saint-Nicolas, Nancy, 1889, p. 8. Revue catholique des institutions et du droit, August, 1886. E. de Bouteiller, Nouvelles recherches, p. xii. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 43.

155 Probably before Jeanne’s birth. “My surname is d’Arc or Romée,” said Jeanne (Trial, vol. i, p. 191). Thus she indiscriminately assumes either her father’s or her mother’s surname, although she says (Trial, vol. i, p. 191) that in her country girls are called by their mother’s surname.

156 Trial, vol. v, p. 252. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1879, pp. 3-20. Ch. du Lys, Traité sommaire tant du nom et des armes que de la naissance et parenté de la Pucelle d’Orléans et de ses frères, ed. Vallet de Viriville, Paris, 1857, p. 28. E. Georges, Jeanne d’Arc considérée au point de vue Franco-Champenois, Troyes, 1893, in 8vo, p. 101.

157 The order of the births of Jacques d’Arc’s children is extremely doubtful (Trial, index, under the word Arc).

158 Trial, vol. ii, p. 393, passim. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, vol. xvi, p. 357.

159 A. Monteil, Histoire des Français, 1853, in 18mo, vol. ii, p. 194.

160 Trial, vol. i, p. 46. Jean Minet was a native of Neufchâteau.

161 J. Corblet, Parrains et marraines, in Revue de l’art chrétien, 1881, vol. xiv, pp. 336 et seq.

162 Siméon Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, proofs and illustrations, li, p. 98.

163 Ibid., p. clxxix, note.

164 Cf. Trial, index, under parrains and marraines. It is not always possible to assign to these personages the names they bore and the position they occupied at the exact date when they are introduced.

165 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in the Revue Historique, vol. iv, p. 342. Cf. Eustache Deschamps, ballad 354, vol. iii, p. 83, ed. Queux de Saint Hilaire.

166 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 74-388; vol. v, pp. 151, 220, passim.

167 Ibid., vol. i, p. 46. Henri Lepage, Jeanne d’Arc est-elle Lorraine? Nancy, 1852, pp. 57-79.

168 Trial, vol. v, pp. 244 et seq. Jacques d’Arc’s house doubtless looked on to the road; the Du Lys, or rather the Thiesselins, pulled it down and erected in its place a house no longer existing. The shields which ornamented its façade have been placed upon the door of the building now shown as Jeanne’s house. What is represented as Jeanne’s room is the bakehouse (É. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, p. 74). See an article by Henri Arsac in L’écho de l’Est, 26 July, 1890. A whole literature has been written on this subject (Lanéry d’Arc, Livre d’or, pp. 330 et seq.).

169 Émile Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, passim.

170 Trial, vol. v, pp. 151, 220.

171 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 417: “Jacuit amorose in domo patris sui.”

172 Ibid., p. 429.

173 Ibid., p. 408.

174 Ibid., p. 423.

175 E. Georges, Jeanne d’Arc considérée au point de vue Franco-Champenois, p. 115. De La Fons-Mélicocq, Documents inédits pour servir à l’histoire de l’instruction publique en France et à l’histoire des mœurs au XV^ieme siècle, in the Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de la Morinie, vol. iii, pp. 460 et seq.

176 Trial, vol. i, pp. 65-66. (Item: je donne à Oudinot, à Richard et à Gérard, clercz enfantz du maistre de l’escole de Marcey dessoubz Brixey, doubz escus pour priier pour mi et pour dire les sept psaulmes.) (Item: I give to the boys, Oudinot, Richard, and Gérard, scholars of the school-master at Marcey below Brixey, twelve crowns to pray for me and to repeat the seven psalms.) The will of Jean de Bourlémont, 23 October, 1399, in S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, document in facsimile xiii.

177 Trial, vol. i, pp. 46, 47.

178 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 402. See in Montfaucon’s Monuments de la Monarchie Française, vol. iii, the second miniature, the “Douze périls d’enfer” (the twelve perils of hell).

179 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 409, 415, 420.

180 Trial, vol. i, pp. 51, 66; vol. ii, p. 404. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. lij.

181 Trial, vol. ii, p. 404.

182 Ibid., vol. i, p. 423.

183 Trial, index, at the word Bermont. Du Haldat, Notice sur la chapelle de Belmont, in the Mémoires de l’Académie Stanislas de Nancy, 1833-1834, p. 96. É. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, p. 95. Lanéry d’Arc, Livre d’or, p. 330.

184 Alexis Monteil, Histoire des François, vol. i, p. 91.

185 Trial, index, under the words Bois Chesnu.

186 Ibid., index, under the words Fontaine des Groseilliers.

187 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 67-210; vol. ii. pp. 391 et seq.

188 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, ed. Tuetey, p. 267.

189 Trial, vol. i, p. 209.

190 Trial, vol. i, pp. 67, 187, 209; vol. ii, pp. 390, 404, 450.

191 Wolf, Mythologie des fées et des elfes, 1828, in 8vo. A. Maury, Les fées au moyen âge, 1843, in 18mo, and Croyances et légendes du moyen âge, Paris, 1896, in 8vo.

192 Richer, Histoire manuscrite de Jeanne d’Arc, ms. fr. 10,448, fols. 14, 15.

193 For tree worship, see an article by M. Henry Carnoy in La tradition, 15 March, 1889.

194 Trial, vol. ii, p. 422.

195 Ibid., index, under the words Arbre des Fées.

196 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 404.

197 Ibid., p. 404, passim. Simple Crayon de la noblesse des ducs de Lorraine et de Bar, in Le Brun des Charmettes’ Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, vol. i, p. 266. Jules Baudot, Les princesses Yolande et les ducs de Bar de la famille des Valois, first part. Mélusine, Paris, 1901, in 8vo, p. 121.

198 Propter eorum peccata, in the Trial, vol. ii, p. 396. There is no doubt as to the meaning of these words.

199 Trial, vol. ii, p. 390.

200 Trial, vol. ii, p. 397.

201 Ibid., p. 390. Bergier, Dictionnaire de théologie, under the word Conjuration.

202 Trial, vol. i, p. 187.

203 Ibid., pp. 67, 209.

204 Ibid., pp. 178, 209 et seq.

205 For the traditions of fairies at Domremy and for Jeanne’s opinion of them, see Trial, index, under the word Fées.

206 Concerning the Sunday and the Festival of the Well-Dressing at Domremy, see Trial, index, under the word Fontaine.

207 Trial, vol. i, pp. 67, 212, 404 et seq. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. xx-xxii.

208 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 407, 411, 413, 421.

209 Ibid., pp. 391-462.

210 Trial, vol. i, pp. 67, 209, 210.

211 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 434.

212 Atropa Mandragor, female mandragora, main de gloire, herbe aux magiciens. Trial, vol. i, pp. 89, 213. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 236.

213 Trial, vol. i, p. 209.

214 This is probable but not certain. Trial, vol. ii, pp. 74, 388; vol. v, p. 252. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. xviii et seq.; 7, 8, 10, passim. C. Gilardoni, Sermaize et son église, published at Vitry-le-François, 1893, 8vo.

215 Capitaine Champion, Jeanne d’Arc écuyère, Paris, 1901, 12mo, p. 28.

216 Boucher de Molandon, La famille de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 627. E. de Bouteiller et G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. 9 and 10. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. xlv et seq.

217 E. Misset, Jeanne d’Arc champenoise, Paris, s.d. (1894), 8vo. Concerning the nationality of Joan of Arc there is a whole literature extremely rich, the bibliography of which it is impossible to give here. Cf. Lanéry d’Arc, Livre d’or, pp. 295 et seq.

218 Trial, vol. i, p. 208.

219 P. Jollois, Histoire abrégée de la vie et des exploits de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1821, engraving I, p. 190. A. Renard, La patrie de Jeanne d’Arc, Langres, 1880, in 18mo, p. 6. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, supplement with proofs and illustrations, pp. 281, 282.

220 Trial, vol. v, p. 152.

221 Colonel de Boureulle, Le pays de Jeanne d’Arc, Saint-Dié, 1890, in 8vo, 28 small engravings. J. Ch. Chappellier, Étude historique sur Domremy, pays de Jeanne d’Arc, 2 plans; C. Niobé, Le pays de Jeanne d’Arc, in Mémoires de la Société académique de l’Aube, 1894, 3d series, vol. xxxi, pp. 307 et seq.

222 Juvénal des Ursins, in the Collection Michaud et Poujoulat, col. 561.

223 A. Tuetey, Les écorcheurs sous Charles VII, Montbéliard, 1874, vol. i, p. 87.

224 Trial, vol. i, pp. 66, 215.

225 In 1390 one livre tournois was worth £7 5s of present money; in 1488, £5. Cf. Avenel, Histoire économique, 1894 (W.S.).

226 “Imal,” says Le Trévoux, “is a measure of corn used at Nancy.” There are two imaux in a quarter, and four quarters in a réal, which contains fifteen bushels, according to the Paris measure.

227 The Archives of the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, collection Ruppes II, No. 28. The farm lease, dated 2nd of April, 1420, was first published by M. J. Ch. Chappellier in Le Journal de la Société d’Archéologie Lorraine, Jan.-Feb., 1889; and Deux actes inédits du XV siècle sur Domremy, Nancy, 1889, 8vo, 16 pages. S. Luce, La France pendant la guerre de cent ans, 1890, 18mo, pp. 274 et seq. Lefèvre-Pontalis, Étude historique et géographique sur Domremy, pays de Jeanne d’Arc, in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. lvi, pp. 154-168.

228 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 420-426. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. lxiv.

229 Liénard, Dictionnaire topographique de la Meuse, introduction, p. x.

230 Dom Devienne, Histoire de Bordeaux, pp. 98, 103. L. Bachelier, Histoire du commerce de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 1862, in 8vo, p. 45. D. Brissaud, Les Anglais en Guyenne, Paris, 1875, in 8vo.

231 Ch. de Beaurepaire, De l’administration de la Normandie sous la domination Anglaise, Caen, 1859, in 4to; and États de Normandie sous la domination Anglaise, Évreux, 1859, in 8vo. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. v, pp. 40-56, 261-286.

232 Thomas Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, ed. Quicherat, vol. i, p. 27.

233 La Curne, under the words Anglois and Goddons.

234 Voragine, La légende de Saint-Grégoire. Du Cange, Glossaire, under the word Caudatus. Le Roux de Lincy, Recueil de chants historiques français, Paris, 1851, vol. i, pp. 300, 301. This oath is to be found current as early as Eustache Deschamps; it was still in use in the seventeenth century (Sommaire tant du nom et des armes que de la naissance et parenté de la Pucelle, ed. Vallet de Viriville).

235 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, ch. iii. Carlier, Histoire du Valois, vol. ii, pp. 441 et seq.

236 Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, vol. ii, col. 631. Bonnabelle, Notice sur la ville de Vaucouleurs, Bar-le-Duc, 1879, in 8vo, 75 pages.

[237] Trial, vol. i, pp. 65, 66. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. 18 et seq.

238 N. Villiaumé, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, 1864, in 8vo, p. 52, note 1.

239 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, ch. iii.

240 Pierre d’Alheim, Le jargon Jobelin, Paris, 1892, in 18mo: glossary, under the word Hirenalle, p. 61, and the verbal communication of M. Marcel Schwob. Cronique Martiniane, ed. P. Champion, p. 8, note 3; Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 270; De Montlezun, Histoire de Gascogne, 1847, in 8vo, p. 143; A. Castaing, La patrie du valet de cœur, in Revue de Gascogne, 1869, vol. x, pp. 29-33.

241 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. lxxiii, 87, note 1. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. 4-15.

242 Bonvalot, Le tiers état d’après la charte de Beaumont et ses filiales, Paris, 1886, p. 412.

243 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. lxxi et seq.

244 Ibid., proofs and illustrations, li, p. 97.

245 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 16, 17.

246 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, appendix, lxii.

247 Du Chesne, Génealogie de la maison de Vergy, Paris, 1625, folio. Nouvelle biographie générale, vol. xlv, p. 1125.

248 S. Luce, Domremy and Vaucouleurs, from 1412 to 1425, in Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, ch. iii.

249 Trial, vol. i, p. 66.

250 Trial, vol. i, p. 66. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. lxxxvi, and appendix, xiv, p. 20.

251 A league is two and a half English miles (W.S.).

252 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. 275 et seq.

253 E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. 4-15.

254 Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 72, 73, 89, 170.

255 The manuscript runs: non jejunaverat die præcedenti. Quicherat omits non. Trial, vol. i, p. 52. Cf. Revue critique, March, 1908, p. 215.

256 V. Servais, Annales historiques du Barrois, Bar-le-Duc, 1865, vol. i, engraving 2.

257 P. Ch. Cahier, Caractéristique des saints dans l’art populaire, vol. i, p. 363. Quicherat, Aperçus nouveaux, p. 50. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. xcv, xcvi, and proofs and illustrations, xxiv, p. 74.

258 Mystère de Saint Remi, the Arsenal Library, ms. 3.364, folios 4 and 108.

259 “Sed signifer Sanctus Michael representet eas (animas) in lucem sanctam.” Prayer from the mass for the dead.

260 A. Maury, Croyances et légendes du moyen âge, pp. 171 et seq. Barbier de Montault, Traité d’iconographie chrétienne, vol. i, p. 191.

261 AA. SS., 1672, vol. iii, i, pp. 85 et seq. Dom. J. Huynes, Histoire générale de l’abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel, ed. R. de Beaurepaire, Rouen, 1872, pp. 61 et seq. A. Forgeais, Collection de plombs (seals) historiés trouvés dans la Seine, Paris, 1864, vol. iii, p. 197. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, ch. iv. Chronique du Mont-Saint-Michel (1343-1468), ed. S. Luce, Paris, 1880-1886 (2 vols. in 8vo), vol. i, pp. 26, 146, 163 et seq.

262 Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 272 (opinion of Jean Bochard, called de Vaucelle, Bishop of Avranches). Dom. J. Huynes, loc. cit., ch. viii, p. 105.

263 Dom Félibien, Histoire de l’abbaye royale de Saint-Denis.... Paris, 1706, in folio, p. 341.

264 Richer, Histoire manuscrite de la Pucelle, ms. fr. 10,448, fol. 13. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, proofs and illustrations, xxiv.

265 Trial, vol. i, pp. 173, 248, 249.

266 Ibid., p. 170.

267 La vierge Marguerite substituée à la Lucine antique, analysis of an unpublished poem of the fifteenth century, Paris, 1885, in 8vo, p. 2. Rabelais, Gargantua, vol. i, ch. vi. L’Abbé J.B. Thiers, Traité des superstitions qui regarde les sacrements selon l’Écriture sainte, Paris, 1697 (4 vols. in 12mo), vol. i, p. 109.

268 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, proofs and illustrations, ccxxxiv, p. 272.

269 Abbé Bourgaut, Guide du pélerin à Domremy, Nancy, 1878, in 12mo, p. 60. É. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 65-72.

270 Voragine, La légende dorée (Légende de Sainte Marguerite). Douhet, Dictionnaire des légendes, pp. 824-836.

271 Gaston Paris, La littérature française au moyen âge, 1890, in 16mo, p. 212.

272 La Curne, Dictionnaire de l’ancien langage français, under the word Olibrius. Olibrius figures also in the legend of Saint Reine, where he is governor of the Gallic Provinces. The legend of Saint Reine is only a somewhat ancient variant of the legend of Saint Margaret.

273 Hail, thou holy Catherine,
Virgin Maid so pure and fine.

Bibliothèque Mazarine, manuscrit, 515. Recueil de prières, folio 55. This manuscript comes from the banks of the Meuse.

274 S. Luce, loc. cit., proofs and illustrations, xiii, p. 19, note 2. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. xvi and 62. Guide et souvenir du pélerin à Domremy, Nancy, 1878, in 18mo, p. 60.

275 J. Miélot, Vie de sainte Cathérine, text revised by Marius Sepet, 1881, in large 8vo.

276 Gaston Paris, La littérature française au moyen âge, pp. 82, 213.

277 Voragine, La légende dorée, 1846, pp. 789-797. Douhet, Dictionnaire des légendes, 1855, pp. 824-836.

278 Trial, vol. i, p. 128. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, p. 29. When we come to the trial, we shall consider whether it be possible to reconcile Jeanne’s assertions with regard to this vow.

279 Trial, vol. i, p. 128; vol. iii, p. 219.

280 Ibid., index, under the words, Voices, Catherine, and Marguerite.

281 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 71-85, 167 seq., 186 seq.

282 Ibid., pp. 185, 186.

283 In the French, humblement. In old French humblement means courteously. In Froissart there is a passage quoted by La Curne: “Li contes de Hainaut rechut ces seigneurs d’Engleterre, l’un après l’autre, moult humblement.”

284 Trial, vol. i, p. 130.

285 Ibid., p. 130.

286 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 413, note 2.

287 Trial, vol. i, p. 52, marginal comment of the d’Urfé MS.: Celavit visiones curato, patri et matri et cuicumque, in the Trial, vol. i, p. 128, note. Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 471.

288 Trial, vol. i, p. 171: “Et luy racontet l’angle la pitié qui estoit ou royaume de France.” Pitié means here occasion for tenderness and love. The angel is thinking especially of the Dauphin. For the meaning and use of this word, cf. Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 74: “... et le peuple plorant de pitié et de joie qu’ils avoient à regarder leur seigneur.” Gérard de Nevers in La Curne: “Pitié estoit de voir festoyer leur seigneur; on ne pourroit retenir ses larmes en voyant la joie qu’ils marquoient de recevoir leur seigneur.”

289 Trial, vol. i, p. 53.

290 Trial, vol. ii, p. 444.

291 “Nonne alias dictum fuit quod Francia per mulierem desolaretur, et postea per Virginem restaurari debebat?” Evidence given by Durand Lassois in Trial, vol. ii, p. 444.

292 Trial, vol. ii, p. 447. Nevertheless the woman Le Royer of Domremy remembered it and was astonished by it. Et hunc ipsa testis hæc audisse recordata est et stupefacta fuit.

293 Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 180. Jean Chartier, Chronique latine, ed. Vallet de Viriville, vol. i, p. 13. Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, pp. 44 et seq.

294 Alain Chartier, Quadriloge invectif, ed. André Duchesne, Paris, 1617, pp. 440 et seq. Ordonnances, vol. xi, pp. 101 et seq. Viutry, Les monnaies sous les trois premiers Valois, Paris, 1881, in 8vo, passim. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, ch. xi.

295 Juvénal des Ursins and Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, passim. Letter from Nicholas de Clemangis to Gerson, in Clemangis opera omnia, 1613, in 4to, vol. ii, pp. 159 et seq.

296 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, monastères, Mâcon, 1897, in 8vo, introduction.

297 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 402, 434.

298 These two persons, however, are only known to us through somewhat doubtful genealogical documents. Trial, vol. v, p. 252. Boucher de Molandon, La famille de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 127. G. de Braux and E. de Bouteiller, Nouvelles recherches, pp. 7 et seq.

299 Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 53.

300 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 404, 407, 409, 411, 414, 416, passim.

301 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 402, 434.

302 Ibid., p. 402. Concerning Jeanne’s religious observances, see Ibid., index, under the words Messe, Vierge, Cloche.

303 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 429.

304 Ibid., p. 427.

305 Trial, vol. ii, p. 432.

306 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 52, 53.

307 Ibid., p. 53.

308 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 393, 400, passim.

309 Psalm ci, 20-23. Vulgate, Douai Version (W.S.).

310 Grégoire de Tours, Le livre des miracles, ed. Bordier, 1864, in 8vo, vol. ii, pp. 27, 31. Hincmar, Vita sancti Remigii in the Patrologie de Migne, vol. cxxv, pp. 1130 et seq. H. Jadart, Bibliographie des ouvrages concernant la vie et le culte de saint Remi, évêque de Reims, 1891, in 8vo.

311 Froissart, Bk. II, ch. lxxiv. Le doyen de Saint-Thibaud, p. 328. Vertot, Dissertation au sujet de la sainte ampoule conservée à Reims, in Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1736, vol. ii, pp. 619-633; vol. iv, pp. 1350-1365. Leber, Des cérémonies du sacre ou recherches historiques et critiques sur les mœurs, les coutumes dans l’ancienne monarchie, Paris, Reims, 1825, in 8vo, pp. 255 et seq.

312 A. Monteil, Histoire des Français, 1853, vol. ii, p. 194.

313 Mystère de saint Remi, Arsenal Library, ms. no. 3.364. This mystery dates from the fifteenth century, from the time of the wars in Champagne. The following lines relate to the misfortunes of the kingdom:
SAINT-ESTIENNE
O Jhesucrist, qui les sains cieulx
As de lumiere environnez,
Soleil et lune enluminés,
Et ordonnez à ta plaisance;
Pour le tres doulz païs de France
Les martirs, non pas un mais tous,
A jointes mains et à genoux
Te requierent que tu effaces
La grant doleur de France; et faces
Par ta sainte digne vertu
Qu’ilz aient paix; adfin que tu,
Ta doulce mere et tous les sains,
Et ceulx qui sont de pechiez sains,
Devotement servis y soient!...

SAINT STEPHEN

O Jesus Christ who hast surrounded the heavens with light and kindled the sun and the moon, command, if it be thy will, the martyrs, not one only but all, to clasp their hands and on bended knee to implore thee to remove the great sorrow from France; and by thy holy and august merit ordain that they may have peace, that thou, thy sweet mother and all the saints and those who are cleansed from sin may be served devoutly!...

SAINT-NICOLAS
Dieu tout puissant fay tant qu’il ysse
Hors du doulz païs sans amer
Que toutes gens doivent amer
C’est France, où sont les bons Chrestiens
S’on les confort; si les soustiens
Car l’engin de leur adversaire
Et son faulx art les tire à faire
Contre ta sainte voulenté.
Ayez pitié de Crestienté
Beau sire Dieux
Tant en France qu’en autres lieux!
Ce seroit Pitié à oultrance
Que si noble roiaume, comme France,
Fust par male temptacion
Mis du tout à perdicion....
Fol. 3, verso.

SAINT NICHOLAS

God all powerful grant that he may issue forth from that sweet land which all must love, all France, where are good Christians, and may they be comforted, and may they be sustained; for the power of their adversary and his false art tempt them to withstand thy holy will. Have pity on Christendom, good lord God, on other lands as well as on France! It would be the worst of pities if so noble a kingdom as France were through much temptation to fall into perdition....

314 Mystère de Saint Remi, Arsenal Library, ms. no. 3.364, fol. 69, verso.

315 Mystère de Saint Remi, fol. 71, verso.

316 Le bon archevesque Remy,
Qui tant aime le sang royal,
Qui tant a son conseil loyal,
Qui tant aime Dieu et l’Église.
Mystère de Saint Remi, fol. 77.

The good Archbishop Remi, who so dearly cherishes the royal blood, so faithful in counsel, so devout a lover of God and the Church.

317 Trial, vol. i, p. 53.

318 Trial, vol. i, p. 130; vol. ii, p. 456; vol. iii, p. 3, passim.

319 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. cliv, clv, clvi, 97, 359 et seq.; La France pendant la guerre de cent ans, p. 287.

320 Trial, vol. i, p. 53.

321 Trial, vol. i, p. 128.

322 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 443. Boucher de Molandon, La famille de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 146. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, introduction, pp. xxi, xxii.

323 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 411, 431, 439. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxi. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d’Arc, p. 92.

324 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 443, 444.

325 Trial, vol. ii, p. 442.

326 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 53, 221; vol. ii, p. 443.

327 Genealogical Inquiry made by the Bailie of Chaumont concerning Jehan Royer (8 October, 1555) in E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 62. [Document of doubtful authenticity.]

328 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 271. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 67. Le R.P. Benoît, Histoire ecclésiastique et politique de la ville et du diocèse de Toul, Toul, 1707, p. 529. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. clxii, clxiii. Léon Mougenot, Jeanne d’Arc, le Duc de Lorraine et le Sire de Baudricourt, 1895, in 8vo. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, p. xviii. G. Nioré, Le pays de Jeanne d’Arc, in Mémoires de la Société académique de l’Aube, 1894, vol. xxxi, pp. 307-320. De Pange, Le Pays de Jeanne d’Arc; Le fief et l’arrière-fief. Les Baudricourt, Paris, 1903, in 8vo.

329 Trial, vol. ii, p. 436.

330 Ibid., vol. i, p. 53.

331 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 456.

332 Chronique des quatre premiers Valois, ed. S. Luce, Paris, 1861, in 8vo, pp. 46-48.

333 P. de Fénin, Mémoires, ed. Mademoiselle Dupont, Paris, 1837, pp. 195, 222, 223.

334 L. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise au siège d’Orléans, Orléans, 1892, in 8vo, pp. 75, 76.

335 Et quod aberet in commendam: illud regnum, Trial, vol. ii, p. 456 (evidence of Bertrand de Poulengy).

336 Trial, vol. ii, p. 456.

337 See La Curne and Godefroy for the word commande. Durand de Maillane, Dictionnaire de droit canonique, 1770, vol. i, pp. 567 et seq.

338 See ante, p. ⁵⁹, post, pp. ¹⁷⁷, ¹⁷⁸.

339 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 392, 393, 458, 459.

340 As for Nicolas de Vouthon, priest of the Abbey of Cheminon, what is stated concerning him in the evidence of the 2nd and 3rd November, 1476, seems improbable. Trial, vol. v, p. 252. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. xviii et seq., 9.

341 Trial, vol. ii, p. 475. Servais, in Mémoires de la Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Bar-le-Duc, vol. vi, p. 139. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, p. xxviii. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, proofs and illustrations xcv, p. 143 and note 3. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 204.

342 This appears from the manner in which he reports Jeanne’s words.

343 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 451, 458.

344 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 72. Journal du siège, p. 35.

345 Trial, vol. ii, p. 444. L. Mougenot, Jeanne d’Arc, le Duc de Lorraine et le Sire de Baudricourt, Nancy, 1895, in 8vo.

346 Trial, vol. i, p. 53.

347 Ibid., p. 440.

348 Ibid., p. 423.

349 Trial, vol. i, pp. 131, 132, 219.

350 Trial, vol. ii, p. 421, cf. p. 433, “et alii juvenes de ea deridebant,” said Colin’s son, referring to her piety.

351 Ibid., vol. i, p. 68.

352 Report of André d’Epernon in S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxvii and proofs and illustrations, pp. 217, 218, 220.

353 Trial, vol. i, pp. 51, 214; vol. ii, pp. 391-454. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxxvi.

354 Trial, vol. i, p. 214.

355 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxxvii.

356 Trial, vol. i, pp. 51, 214; vol. ii, p. 402.

357 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 409, 423, 428, 463.

358 Ibid., pp. 416, 417.

359 Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 314.

360 Trial, vol. i, p. 51.

361 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxxvii.

362 Expilly, Dictionnaire géographique de la France, under the word Neufchâteau.

363 S.M. de Vernon, Histoire générale et particulière du tiers-ordre de Saint-François, Paris, 1667, 3 vols. in 8vo. Hilarion de Nolay, Histoire du tiers-ordre, Lyon, 1694, in 4to.

364 Acta Sanctorum, March, vol. i, p. 549.

365 Wadding, Annales Minorum, vol. v, p. 183.

366 Jean Morel declares that she was at Neufchâteau four days, and he adds: “What I tell you I know, for I was with the others at Neufchâteau” (Trial, vol. ii, p. 392); Gérard Guillemette speaks of four or five days (Ibid., p. 414); Nicolas Bailly of three or four (Ibid., p. 451). But Jeanne told her judges at Rouen that she stayed a fortnight at Neufchâteau (Ibid., vol. i, p. 51). When she gave her evidence, the event was less remote, and doubtless her recollection of it was more accurate.

367 Ibid., vol. i, p. 51.

368 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, chs. ix, x, xi. Abbé V. Mourot, Jeanne d’Arc et le tiers-ordre de Saint-François, Saint-Dié, 1886, in 8vo. L. de Kerval, Jeanne d’Arc et les Franciscains, Vanves, 1893, in 18mo. E iera begina, says a correspondent of Morosini, edited by Lefèvre-Pontalis, vol. iii, p. 92 and note 2.

369 Trial, vol. i, pp. 128, 219. E. Misset, Jeanne d’Arc Champenoise, 1895, in 8vo, p. 28.

370 Trial, vol. i, p. 219: quibus obediebat in omnibus, nisi in processu Tullensi.

371 Trial, vol. i, p. 215. Article 9 of the deed of accusation is drawn up as the result of an inquiry made at Neufchâteau.

372 Trial, vol. ii, p. 396, passim.

373 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. clxxx, 230.

374 Mistère du siège, v, 497.

375 Chronique de la Pucelle, chs. xxxiv, xxxv. Jean Chartier, Chronique, chs. xxxii, xxxv; Journal du siège, pp. 2 et seq.

376 Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 216.

377 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 456.

378 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 428, 434. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxxx. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, p. xxiii.

379 Les caquets de l’accouchée, new edition by E. Fournier and Le Roux de Lincy, Paris, 1855, in 16mo, introduction.

380 Trial, vol. i, p. 53; vol. ii, p. 443.

381 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 428, 430, 434.

382 Ibid., p. 416.

383 Ibid., p. 431.

384 Trial, vol. ii, p. 418.

385 Ibid., p. 419: dixit quod nescivit recessum dictæ Johannæ; quæ testis propter hoc multum flebat, quia eam multum propter suam bonitatem diligebat et quod sua socia erat.

386 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 436.

387 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. clxviii, 222, 234.

388 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273; La Chronique de Lorraine in Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, vol. iii, col. vj, gives an amplified version of these words, the authenticity of which is doubtful.

389 Trial, vol. i, pp. 219, 220. The source is doubtful. Nevertheless the accusation here lays stress on these facts produced by the inquiry. If Jeanne denied having spoken these words, it was because she had forgotten them, or because they had been so changed that she could disavow the form in which they were presented to her.

390 See ante, page ⁶⁶.

391 Trial, vol. ii, p. 446.

392 Trial, vol. ii, p. 461.

393 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. cxcxiv.

394 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 460, 461 (evidence of Jean le Fumeux in the rehabilitation trial).

395 Ibid., p. 446.

396 Ibid., p. 447.

397 Trial, vol. ii, p. 448.

398 Quæ puella multum bene loquebatur. Trial, vol. ii, p. 450. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. 103.

399 Ibid., vol. v, p. 363; Journal du siège, p. 45. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. xcv, cxi, cxxvj. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 204, note. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. xxv et seq.

400 A sol tournois is the twentieth part of a livre tournois (W.S.).

401 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. cxc, 160, 161.

402 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 435-457. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. xxvi, xxvii.

403 Trial, vol. ii, p. 436. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 396 et seq.

404 Trial, vol. ii, p. 436. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. cxci.

405 Trial, vol. ii, p. 436.

406 Ibid., p. 436, 437.

407 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 161, 176, 332. Journal du siège, p. 45. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 372.

408 Trial, vol. ii, p. 446.

409 Voragine, La légende dorée, in the Festival of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.

410 Migne, Dictionnaire des sciences occultes, Paris, 2 vols. in large 8vo, under the word Exorcisme.

411 Trial, vol. ii, p. 446.

412 Trial, vol. iii, p. 115. Journal du siège, p. 48. Mirouer des femmes vertueuses in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 267.

413 Extract from the eighth report of Guillaume Charrier, in the Trial, vol. v, pp. 257 et seq.

414 Trial, vol. ii, p. 447.

415 Ibid., vol. i, p. 53; vol. ii, pp. 443 et seq.

416 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 445-447.

417 Ibid., pp. 447-457.

418 Ibid., p. 406. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. 160, note 6.

419 Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 314, 315. Anonymous poem on the arrival of the Maid, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 30.

420 Durand Lassois says it cost twelve francs, Jean de Metz, sixteen. “Ce serait aujourd’hui un cheval de cent écus.” It would be a horse worth one hundred crowns to-day (L. Champion, Jeanne d’Arc écuyère, 1901, p. 55). According to the reckoning of P. Clément, from 400 to 800 francs (Jacques Cœur et Charles VII, 1873, p. lxvi).

421 Trial, vol. i, pp. 54, 222; vol. ii, pp. 391, 406, 432, 437, 442-450, 456, 457; vol. iii, pp. 87, 115. Extract from the eighth account of Guillaume Charrier and from the thirteenth account of Hémon Raguier, in the Trial, vol. v, pp. 257 et seq.

422 Et postquam ipsa Johanna fuit in peregrinacio in Sancto Nicolas et exstitit versus dominum ducem Lotharingiae, says Bertrand de Poulengy, Trial, vol. ii, p. 457. Cf. The Evidence of J. Robert, in E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 33, 34. It is impossible to find in the text of the Trial a redundancy such as the evidence of D. Lannois and the woman Le Royer would lead us to expect. A. Renard, Jeanne d’Arc. Examen d’une question de lieu, Orléans, 1861, in 8vo, 16 pages. G. de Braux, Jeanne d’Arc à Saint-Nicolas, Nancy, 1889, in 8vo. De Pimodan, La première étape de Jeanne d’Arc, 1890, in 8vo, with maps.

423 Le Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique de la maison de France, vol. ii, p. 218. Ludovic Drapeyron, Jeanne d’Arc et Philippe le Bon, in Revue de Géographie, November, 1886, p. 236. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. lxvi, cxcix.

424 Œuvres du Roi René, by Le Comte de Quatrebarbes, Angers, 1845, vol. i, preface, pp. lxxvi et seq. Lecoy de la Marche, Le Roi René, sa vie, son administration, ses travaux artistiques et littéraires, Paris, 1875, 2 vols. in 8vo, and Giry, Review in the Revue critique.

425 La guerre de la hottée de pommes.

426 Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, vol. ii, col. 695, 703.

427 Trial, vol. iii, p. 93.

428 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. cxcvii, clxxxvii, clxxxviii, and 236. The register of the Archives of La Meuse, B. 1051, bears trace of a regular correspondence between the Duke of Bar and Baudricourt.

429 Chronique du doyen de Saint-Thibaud, in Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, proofs and illustrations, vol. ii, col. cxcix. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. cxcvii et seq.

430 Letter from Jean Desch, Secretary of the town of Metz, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 355. Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, vol. ii, proofs and illustrations, col. cxcix.

431 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. cc, note.

432 Trial, vol. iii, p. 87. Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, vol. iii, proofs and illustrations, col. vj.

433 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 391, 444.

434 Ibid., vol. i, p. 129.

435 Trial, vol. i, p. 54; vol. ii, pp. 438, 445, 447, 457. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in the Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 336.

436 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in the Revue historique, ibid.

437 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 406, 432, 442, 457; vol. iii, p. 209. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. xcv, 143 note 3. G. de Braux and E. de Bouteiller, Nouvelles recherches, pp. xxix et seq.

438 Les routiers en Lorraine, in the Journal de la Société archéologique de Lorraine, 1866, p. 161. Dr. A. Lapierre, La guerre de cent ans dans l’Argonne et le Rethélois, Sedan, 1900, in 8vo.

439 Journal du siège (interpolation); Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 272 (a document of doubtful authority owing to its hagiographical character).

440 Trial, vol. i, p. 54; vol. ii, p. 437. Chronique du Mont-Saint-Michel, vol. i, p. 30. De Boismarmin, Mémoire sur la date de l’arrivée de Jeanne d’Arc à Chinon, in the Bulletin du comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 1892, pp. 350-359. Ulysse Chevalier, L’abjuration de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 10, note 1. Jeanne had returned to Vaucouleurs about the first Sunday in Lent, the 13th of February, 1429 (Trial, vol. iii, p. 437). Bertrand de Poulengy says that the journey to Chinon (6th March) lasted eleven days, and that sometimes they travelled by night only (ibid.). It is difficult to admit that they started from Vaucouleurs on the 23rd of February, and that about 660 kilometres were traversed in eleven days.

441 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 431, 446.

442 Ibid., p. 449.

443 Ibid., vol. i, p. 55.

444 De Pimodan, La première étape de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1891, in 8vo, with maps.

445 Trial, vol. i, p. 54.

446 Jolibois, Dictionnaire historique de la Haute-Marne, p. 492.

447 De Pimodan, La première étape de Jeanne d’Arc, loc. cit.

448 Trial, vol. i, pp. 54, 55.

449 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 437. According to the somewhat improbable testimony of Bertrand de Poulengy. See ante, p. ⁹⁶, note 6.

450 Trial, vol. ii, p. 457.

451 Ibid., pp. 437, 438.

452 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 199.

453 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 458.

454 Trial, vol. ii, p. 438.

455 Ibid., vol. i, p. 54; vol. ii, p. 437.

456 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 406, 432, 445, 448, 457.

457 Monstrelet, vol. v, p. 269. Th. Basin, vol. i, p. 44. Bueil, Le jouvencel, introduction. Royal Pardons, in E. Boutaric, Institutions militaires de la France avant les armées permanentes.... 1863, in 8vo, p. 266. Récit du prieur de Droillet, ed. Quicherat, in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, fourth series, vol. iii, p. 359. Mantellier, Histoire de la communauté des marchands fréquentant la rivière de Loire, vol. i, p. 195. Le P. H. Denifle, La désolation des églises, monastères, hôpitaux en France, vers le milieu du XV^e siècle, Mâcon, in 8vo.

458 Trial, vol. iii, p. 203.

459 Abbé J.-J. Bourassé, Les miracles de Madame Sainte Katerine de Fierboys en Touraine, d’après un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque Impériale, Paris, in 12mo, 1858, p. 28.

460 I have here interwoven the account given by Seguin, Trial, vol. iii, p. 203, with that of Touroulde, Trial, vol. iii, pp. 86, 87. It seems to me the same incident reported summarily by the former, inexactly by the latter.

461 Trial, vol. i, pp. 56, 75; vol. iii, pp. 3, 21; vol. v, p. 378.

462 That Saint Catherine was known in the west shortly before the Crusades is possible, but not that her worship should date back to Charles Martel; at any rate it flourished in the days of Jeanne d’Arc. Cf. H. Moranvillé, Un pèlerinage en Terre sainte et au Sinai au XV^e siècle, in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. lxvi (1905), pp. 70 et seq.

463 Les miracles de Madame Sainte Katerine, passim. G. Launay, Article in Bull. soc. archéol. du Vendômois, 1880, vol. xix, pp. 23-25.

464 G. Lefèvre-Pontalis, La guerre des partisans dans la Haute Normandie (1424-1429), in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes (1893-1896).

465 Les miracles de Madame Sainte Katerine, passim.

466 Trial, vol. i, p. 75.

467 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 190. Alain Chartier, L’espérance ou consolation des trois vertus, in Œuvres, p. 271. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 14.

468 Mistère du siège, line 497.

469 Perceval de Cagny, pp. 21, 22.

470 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 255. Chronique de l’établissement de la fête in the Trial, vol. v, p. 286. Le Maire, Histoire et antiquités de la ville et duché d’Orléans, Orléans, 1645, in 4to, pp. 129 et seq. Lottin, Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans, Orléans, 1836-1845 (7 vols. in 8vo), vol. i, p. 197.

471 Joseph Stevenson, Letters and Papers, Introduction, vol. i, p. xlvii. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 17.

472 Rymer, Fœdera, vol. iv, part iv, p. 135. Mademoiselle A. de Villaret, Campagne des Anglais dans l’Orléanais, la Beauce chartraine et le Gâtinais (1421-1428), Orléans, 1893, in 8vo, original documents, p. 134. Stevenson, Letters and Papers, vol. i, pp. 403 et seq.

473 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 300.

474 L. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise au siège d’Orléans, 1428-1429, Orléans, 1892, in 8vo, pp. 59 et seq.

475 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 293. Rymer, Fœdera, vol. iv, part iv, pp. 132, 135, 138.

476 L. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 26, 27.

477 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 294. Stevenson, Letters and Papers, p. lxii.

478 Boucher de Molandon and A. de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc sous les murs d’Orléans, Orléans, 1892, in 8vo, p. 61. L. Jarry, loc. cit.

479 Le Maire, Antiquités, p. 29.

480 Astesan in Paris et ses historiens, by Le Roux de Lincy and Tisserand, pp. 528 et seq. Le Maire, Antiquités, ch. xix, pp. 75 et seq. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège d’Orléans, in 18mo, pp. 22, 24. E. Fournier, Le Conteur orléanais, p. 111. C. Cuissard, Étude sur la musique dans l’Orléanais, Orléans, 1886, p. 50. Jodocius Sincere, Itirerarium Galliae, Amstelodami, 1655, pp. 24, 25. Paul Charpentier et Cuissard, Histoire du siège d’Orléans, mémoire inédite de M. l’Abbé Dubois, Orléans, 1894, in 8vo, p. 129. De Buzonnière, Histoire architecturale de la ville d’Orléans, 1849 (2 vols. in 8vo), vol. i, p. 76.

481 Jollois, Histoire du siège d’Orléans, Paris, 1833, in 4to, with plans. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 183 et seq.

482 Jollois, Lettre à Messieurs les membres de la Société des Antiquaires de France, sur l’emplacement du fort des Tourelles de l’ancien pont d’Orléans, Paris, 1834, in folio with illustrations. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, dissertation, v. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 15-18. Vergniaud Romagnési, Des différentes enceintes de la ville d’Orléans, pp. 17-19. A. Collin, Le Pont des Tourelles à Orléans, Orléans, 1895, in 8vo. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 13, note 2.

483 For some unknown reason modern historians have named the little island to the right of Saint-Laurent l’Île Charlemagne, which causes it to be confused with the Île Charlemagne lying to the East of l’Île-aux-Bœufs. On the accompanying plan we indicate the little island just below Biche-d’Orge by the name of Petite Île Charlemagne. Jollois, Histoire du siège, engraving 1. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, pp. 193, 199. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 16. Manuscript of M. A. Cagnieul, librarian at Orléans.

484 Symphorien Guyon, Histoire de l’église et diocèse d’Orléans, Orléans, 1647, vol. i, preface. Le Maire, Antiquités, p. 36.

485 Journal du siège, pp. 13, 15. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 270. Hubert, Antiquités historiques de l’église royale d’Orléans, Orléans, 1661, in 8vo. Le Maire, Antiquités, p. 284. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, pp. 133, 205, 277, passim. Jollois, Histoire du siège, p. 21. H. Baraude, Le siège d’Orléans et Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1906, pp. 10 et seq.

486 Le Maire, Antiquités, p. 43.

487 Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 296. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, le ravitaillement d’Orléans, nouveaux documents, Orléans, 1874, in large 8vo, with topographical plan: Orléans, la Loire et ses îles en 1429.

488 Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, pp. 391, 399. Jollois, Histoire du siège, pp. 41, 44. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, Orléans, 1867, in 8vo, p. 24. Lottin, Recherches sur Orléans, vol. i, p. 141.

489 Le Roux de Lincy, Chants historiques et populaires du temps de Charles VII, Paris, 1862, in 18mo, p. 28.

490 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, pp. 225, 226. Geste des nobles, p. 202. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 251. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 59. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 107, 112.

491 Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 164, 171. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 25.

492 The Monk of Dunfermline, in Trial, vol. v, p. 341. Le Maire, Antiquités, pp. 283 et seq. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 160, 161.

493 Jollois, Histoire du siège, p. 6. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 202-205.

494 An arrow shot from the long-bow, the feathers of the arrow were spirally arranged to produce a spinning movement in its flight (W.S.).

495 The accounts of the fortresses, in Journal du siège, pp. 301 et seq. Jollois, Histoire du siège, p. 12. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, pp. 15-17. Loiseleur, Comptes des dépenses faites par Charles VII pour secourir Orléans pendant le siège de 1428, Orléans, 1868, in 8vo, p. 113. Boucher de Molandon et de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, p. 81.

496 Accounts of Hémon Raguier, Bibl. Nat. Fr. 7858, fol. 41. Loiseleur, Comptes des dépenses, p. 65. Pallet, Nouvelle histoire du Berry, vol. iii, pp. 78-80. Vallet de Viriville, in Bulletin de la Société d’histoire de France. Cabinet historique, vol. v, part ii, p. 107. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 15.

497 A. Thomas, Le siège d’Orléans, Jeanne d’Arc et les capitouls de Toulouse, in Annales du Midi, April, 1889, p. 232. M. Boudet, Villandrando et les écorcheurs à Saint-Flour, pp. 18, 19. A. de Villaret, Campagne des Anglais, p. 61.

498 The monk of Dunfermline in the Trial, vol. v, p. 341.

499 Journal du siège, p. 51. Chronique de la fête in the Trial, vol. v, p. 296. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 27-31.

500 Hubert, Antiquitez historiques de l’église royale de Saint-Aignan d’Orléans, 1661, in 8vo, pp. 1-15.

501 Trial, vol. iii, p. 32. Journal du siège, p. 14. Hubert, loc. cit., chs. iii, iv. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 82, 83.

502 A livre varied in weight from province to province; generally it was about seventeen ounces (W.S.).

503 Le Maire, Antiquités, p. 285. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 16.

504 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 257, 258. Journal du siège, pp. 6, 7. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, p. 204. J. Devaux, Le Gâtinais au temps de Jeanne d’Arc, in Ann. Soc. hist. et arch. du Gâtinais, vol. v, 1887, p. 220.

505 Journal du siège, p. 92.

506 Geste des Nobles, p. 204. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 256. Letter from Salisbury to the Commons of London, in Delpit, Collection de documents français qui se trouvent en Angleterre, pp. 236, 237. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 79-89.

507 Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 11. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, p. 82. Boucher de Molandon, Les comptes de ville d’Orléans des quatorzième et quinzième siècles, Orléans, 1880, in 8vo, pp. 91 et seq.

508 Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, p. 205. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 17.

509 Journal du siège, p. 4.

510 Journal du siège, pp. 2-4. Boucher de Molandon et de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, p. 129.

511 L. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 26, 28, 29. Boucher de Molandon and de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 50 et seq. Mademoiselle A. de Villaret, Campagne des anglais, ch. iv, pp. 39, 53; Accounts of the siege, nos. 30, 31, p. 214. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, p. 205.

512 L. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, p. 61.

513 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 258. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 66. Jean Raoulet in Chartier, Chronique, vol. iii, p. 198. Journal du siège, pp. 1, 2. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 246. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 27. H. Baraude, Le siège d’Orléans et Jeanne d’Arc, p. 31.

514 Journal du siège, p. 4.

515 Ibid., pp. 7-8. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 208, 210.

516 Journal du siège, pp. 5-8.

517 Journal du siège, pp. 10, 12. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 264. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 298. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 63. Mistère d’Orléans, line 3104 et seq. Chronique de la fête in Trial, vol. v, p. 288. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 131. Lorenzo Buonincontro in Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, vol. xxi, col. 136. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 85, 86.

518 Trial, vol. iv, p. 345. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 263. Journal du siège, p. 10. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 32.

519 L. Jarry, Deux chansons normandes, Orléans, 1894, in 8vo, p. 11.

520 The text published by M. Jarry has mielux.

521 Certes that wise man the Duke of Bedford, will keep himself in a fortress with his wife as snug as may be. He will drink good hypocras (a kind of wine). He looks after himself, leaves warfare and the poor and rich to rot in the ground.

522 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 25; vol. ii, p. 389.

523 Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 273, 274. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 243, 247. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 54. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 221. Cronique Martiniane, p. 7.

524 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. ii, p. 105.

525 Mathieu d’Escouchy, Chronique, ed. Beaucourt, Paris, 1863, vol. i, p. 186. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 236.

526 Journal du siège, pp. 10, 12. Cronique Martiniane, p. 8. Le jouvencel, p. 277. Loiseleur, Comptes des dépenses, pp. 90, 91.

527 Journal du siège, pp. 12, 13. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 245. Boucher de Molandon et de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 92, 111. Jean de Bueil, Le jouvencel, passim.

528 Journal du siège, p. 7.

529 Le jouvencel, vol. i, p. 142.

530 Journal du siège, p. 19. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 270. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 61. Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises de France, petition C.

531 Journal du siège, pp. 16, 17.

532 Ibid., p. 17. J.L. Micqueau, Histoire du siège d’Orléans par les Anglais, translated by Du Breton, Paris, 1631, p. 27. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 287. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, pp. 209, 210.

533 Livre, if it were of Paris, was equivalent to one shilling, if of Tours, to ten pence (W.S.).

534 Journal du siège, p. 18. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxxxv. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses faites par Charles VII pour secourir Orléans, in Mém. Soc. Arch. de l’Orléanais, vol. xi, pp. 114, 186.

535 Journal du siège, p. 28. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, p. 214.

536 Loiseleur, Comptes, p. 114. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 33.

537 Journal du siège, pp. 15, 18.

538 To the number of 2500. Journal du siège, p. 20. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 265. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 252. Jollois, Histoire du siège, pp. 26, 27.

539 Cf. ante, p. ¹¹², note 1. On the plan this island is called Petite Île Charlemagne.

540 G. Girault’s report in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 283. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 16, note 5; vol. iv, supplement xiii.

541 Journal du siège, pp. 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 34.

542 Boucher de Molandon and A. de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 3 et seq. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, proofs and illustrations v, p. 233.

543 Jan. 1, 2. Journal du siège, pp. 21, 22, 30.

544 4-27 Jan. Journal du siège, pp. 21, 22, 30.

545 17 Jan. Ibid., p. 26.

546 Ibid., p. 32.

547 Gallia Christiana, vol. ii, p. 732. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 213; vol. ii, p. 6, note 2. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. ccxcv.

548 Journal du siège, pp. 21, 36-38. The accounts of Hémon Raguier, Bibl. Nat. Fr. 7858, fol. 41. Loiseleur, Comptes des dépenses de Charles VII pour secourir Orléans, loc. cit.

549 Journal du siège, p. 37.

550 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 231. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 266, 267. Journal du siège, pp. 37, 38.

551 Journal du siège, pp. 38, 39. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 267, 268. Mistère du siège, line 8867. Dom Plancher, Histoire de Bourgogne, vol. iv, p. 127.

552 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 312. Journal du siège, p. 43. Chastellain, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove, vol. ii, p. 164.

553 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 311. Journal du siège, p. 39. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 232. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 267, 268. Perceval de Cagny, pp. 137, 139.

554 Journal du siège, pp. 40, 41.

555 Ibid., p. 43. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 232.

556 Journal du siège, p. 43. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 269. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 313.

557 Journal du siège, p. 42. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 63.

558 Journal du siège, p. 44.

559 Ibid., pp. 43, 44.

560 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, pp. 230-233. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 313. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. ii, p. 62. Symphorien Guyon, Histoire de la ville d’Orléans, vol. ii, p. 195. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 37.

561 18 Feb. Journal du siège, pp. 50, 52.

562 Ibid., p. 51.

563 16 March. Ibid., p. 59.

564 Thaumas de la Thaumassière, Histoire du Berry, Bourges, 1689, in fol., pp. 648-656.

565 Journal du siège, p. 52.

566 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 317. Journal du siège, p. 52. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 269. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 65. Morosini, pp. 16, 17, vol. iv, supplement xiv. Du Tillet, Recueil des traités, p. 221.

567 3 March. Journal du siège, p. 54.

568 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 21, 23. Journal du siège, pp. 46 et seq. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 278.

569 La Curne, under the word Pucelle; Du Cange, ad. v. Pucella.

Je laisse cent sols de deniers
A ceulx qui boivent voluntiers
Et s’ay laissié a mon curé
Ma pucelle quand je mourrai,

says Eustache Deschamps (quoted by La Curne); Du Cange cites a will of 1274: “afterwards I leave to Laurence ma pucelle and twelve livres of Paris.”

570 Relation contemporaine du combat de Montendre, in Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de France, 1834, pp. 109-113.

571 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 3, 125, 215. Journal du siège, pp. 5, 6, 31, 44. Nouvelle biographie générale, articles by Vallet de Viriville.

572 Trial, vol. i, pp. 56, 75.

573 Ibid., p. 56.

574 Bueil, Le jouvencel, vol. i, p. 32, and Tringant, xv; Jean Chartier, Chronique, ch. cxxxviii.

575 Vallet de Viriville, Isabeau de Bavière, 1859, in 8vo, and Notes sur l’état civil des princes et princesses nés d’Isabeau de Bavière in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. xix, pp. 473-482.

576 Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, p. 312. Chastellain, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove, vol. ii, p. 178.

577 Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis, vol. i, pp. 28, 43. Docteur A. Chevreau, De la maladie de Charles VI, roi de France, et des médecins qui ont soigné ce prince, in l’Union Médicale, February, March, 1862. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 4, note.

578 Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 347.

579 Gruel, ed. Le Vavasseur, pp. 46 et seq. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 239. Berry, p. 374. Pierre de Fénin, Mémoires, ed. Mademoiselle Dupont, pp. 222, 223. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 453. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 432.

580 Gruel, pp. 53, 193. Geste des nobles, p. 200. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 23, 24, 54. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 132. E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, Paris, 1886, in 8vo, p. 131.

581 Gruel, p. 231. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 200, 248. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 54; vol. iii, p. 189. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 142. E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, p. 140.

582 De Beaucourt, op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 143, 144 et seq. E. Cosneau, op. cit., pp. 142 et seq.

583 Dom Morice, Preuves de l’histoire de Bretagne, vol. ii, col. 1199. De Beaucourt, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 150. E. Cosneau, op. cit., p. 144.

584 P. de Fénin, Mémoires, p. 222. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, Introduction. E. Charles, Le caractère de Charles VII, in Revue contemporaine, vol. xxii, pp. 300-328.

585 Le doyen de Saint-Thibaud, Tableau des rois de France, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 325.

586 Martial d’Auvergne, Les vigiles de Charles VII, ed. Coustelier, 1724 (2 vols. in 12mo), vol. i, p. 56.

587 L. Drapeyron, Jeanne d’Arc et Philippe le Bon, in Revue de géographie, November, 1886, p. 331.

588 Taille, so called from a notched stick (Eng. tally), used by the tax-collector, the number of notches indicating the amount of the tax due. There were two tailles: la taille seigneuriale, a contribution paid by serfs to their lord; and la taille royale, paid by the third estate to the King. The latter was first levied by Philippe le Bel (1285-1314), but was only an occasional tax until the reign of Charles VII, who converted it into a regular impost. But although collected at stated intervals its amount varied from reign to reign, becoming intolerably burdensome under the spendthrift kings, while wise rulers, like Henri IV, considerably reduced it. It was not abolished until the Revolution (W.S.).

589 Recueil des ordonnances, vol. xiii, p. xcix, and the index of this volume under the word Impôts. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, pp. 51 et seq. A. Thomas, Les états généraux sous Charles VII in the Cabinet historique, vol. xxiv, 1878. Les états provinciaux de la France centrale sous Charles VII, Paris, 1879, 2 vols. in 8vo, passim.

590 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. iii, p. 318. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 390. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 428; vol. ii, pp. 646 et seq.

591 Le jouvencel, vol. i, Introduction, pp. xix, xx.

592 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 237. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, p. 61. Vallet de Viriville, Mémoire sur les institutions de Charles VII, in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. xxxiii, p. 37.

593 Dom Vaissette, Histoire du Languedoc, vol. iv, p. 471.

594 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 167.

595 Dom Vaissette, Histoire du Languedoc, vol. iv, p. 471. A. Thomas, Les états généraux sous Charles VII, pp. 49, 50.

596 Dom Vaissette, Histoire du Languedoc, vol. iv, p. 472. Raynal, Histoire du Berry, vol. iii, p. 20. Loiseleur, Comptes des dépenses, pp. 63 et seq. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 170 et seq.

597 Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII, Bk. II, ch. vi. Antoine Loysel, Mémoires des pays, villes, comtés et comtes de Beauvais et Beauvoisis, Paris, 1618, p. 229. P. Mantellier, Histoire de la communauté des marchands fréquentant la rivière de Loire, vol. i, p. 195.

598 Dom Morice, Preuves de l’histoire de Bretagne, vol. ii, cols. 1145, 1194. Ordonnances, vol. xv, p. 147.

599 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 373. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 175. Duc de la Trémoïlle, Chartier de Thouars, Documents historiques et généalogiques, p. 17. Les La Trémoïlle pendant cinq siècles, vol. i, p. 175.

600 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 632.

601 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. iii. Accounts, p. 316. Cabinet historique, June, 1858, p. 176.

602 Cabinet historique, September and October, 1858, p. 263.

603 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 374.

604 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 632.

605 Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, p. 57.

606 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 634.

607 Vuitry, Les monnaies sous les trois premiers Valois, Paris, 1881, in 8vo, pp. 29 et seq. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, p. 47. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 243. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 620 et seq.

608 Clairambault, Titres, Scellés, vol. 205, pp. 8769, 8771, 8773, passim. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 293.

609 Archives nationales, J. 183, no. 142. Duc de La Trémoïlle, Les La Trémoïlle pendant cinq siècles, vol. i, p. 177. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 198.

610 Le P. Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison de France, vol. vi, p. 399. Vallet de Viriville, in Nouvelle biographie générale. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 63.

611 Marquis de Gaucourt, Le Sire de Gaucourt, Orléans, 1855, in 8vo.

612 Le P. Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison de France, vol. vi, p. 339. Gallia Christiana, vol. ix, col. 135. Hermant, Histoire ecclésiastique de Beauvais (Bibl. nat. fr. 8581), fol. 15 et seq. Article by Vallet de Viriville, in Nouvelle biographie générale and Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 160 et seq.

613 Le P. Denifle, Cartularium Universitatis Parisiensis, vol. iv, p. 275.

614 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 109. In 1411 the Butchers of Paris, led by Jean-Simonnet Caboche, rose in favour of the Duke of Burgundy (W.S.).

615 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, vol. i, pp. 594, 595. Garnier, Documents relatifs à la surprise de Paris par les Bourguignons en Mai, 1418, in Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de Paris, 1877, p. 51.

616 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, pp. 268, 276, 339. P. Champion, Guillaume de Flavy, p. 4, and proofs and illustrations, lxxj.

617 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, loc. cit. According to a “legitimist” fiction he pleads the service he had rendered to King Charles VI, and his son the Dauphin “... tam propter sue persone debililitatem, quam etiam propter assidua viagia et ambassiatas, que ipse serviendo Carolo Francorum regi et Carolo, ejusdem regis unigenito filio, dalphino Viennensi....”

618 Vallet de Viriville, Nouvelle biographie générale. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, pp. 64 et seq.

619 F. Duchesne, Histoire des chanceliers et gardes des sceaux de France, 1680, in fol., p. 483.

620 The livre of Tours was worth ten pence, while that of Paris was worth one shilling (W.S.). National Archives, p. 2298.

621 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 632.

622 Le P. Anselme, Histoire généalogique de la maison de France, vol. i, p. 407.

623 Journal du siège, p. 51.

624 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, introduction. Cf. the collection of official receipts in the National Library, fr. 20,887, original documents 693, Clairambault, deeds, seals, vol. 29.

625 F. Duchesne, Histoire des chanceliers et garde des sceaux de France, p. 487.

626 Trial, vol. i, p. 56.

627 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 394, 462.

628 Isaiah, ch. 66, verse 10 (W.S.).

629 Trial, vol. i, p. 143.

630 La vie de saint Harenc glorieux martir et comment il fut pesché en la mer et porté à Dieppe, in Recueil des poésies françaises des XV^e et XVI^e siècles, by A. de Montaiglon, vol. ii, pp. 325-332.

631 Still if Jeanne were the age she is said to have been, about eighteen, she was under no obligation to fast, but only to be abstinent. Nevertheless, when imprisoned at Rouen, she fasted during Lent; but we do not know how old her judges considered her to be.

632 Trial, vol. i, p. 143.

633 G. de Cougny, Notice archéologique et historique sur le château de Chinon, Chinon, 1860, in 8vo.

634 La légende dorée, translated by Gustave Brunet, 1846, pp. 259, 264. Douhet, Dictionnaire des légendes, pp. 426, 436.

635 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Journal du siège, pp. 46, 47.

636 Epître de Jouvenel des Ursins, in De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII vol. v, p. 206, note 1.

637 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. x.

638 Acta sanctorum, vol. iii, March, p. 742. Abbé Pétin, Dictionnaire hagiographique, 1850, vol. ii, p. 1516.

639 Froissart, Chroniques, Bk. IV, ch. xliii et seq.

640 Trial, vol. iii, p. 83, note 2. Vallet de Viriville, Procès de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1867, in 8vo, pp. xxxi et seq.

641 Le songe du vieil Pélerin, by Philippe de Maizières (Bibl. Nat. French collection, no. 22,542).

642 Chastellain, ed. Buchon, pp. 114, 116. Acta Sanctorum Junii, vol. 1, p. 648. Le P. De Buck, Le bienheureux Jean de Gand, Brussels, 1862, in 8vo, 40 pages. Le P. Chapotin, La guerre de cent ans; Jeanne d’Arc et les Dominicains, Évreux, 1888, in 8vo, p. 89.

643 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Journal du siège, p. 46.

644 Parvus Thalamus, ed. Archæological Society of Montpellier, p. 464. Th. de Bèze, Histoire ecclésiastique, 1580, vol. i, p. 217. A. Germain, Catherine Suave, Montpellier, 1853, in 4to, 16 pages. H.C. Lea, A History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages (1906), vol. ii, p. 157. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. x.

645 Jean Nider, Formicarium, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 502.

646 Trial, vol. iii, p. 22. These facts were known at Lyons on the 22nd of April, 1429. (Clerk of the Chambre des Comptes of Brabant, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 426.)

647 S. Luce, Chronique des quatre premiers Valois, Paris, 1861, in 8vo, pp. 46, 48.

648 Trial, vol. iii, p. 115. Thomassin, Registre Delphinal, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 304. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Journal du siège, p. 47.

649 Gallia Christiana, vol. iii, col. 1089.

650 Le R.P. Marcellin Fornier, Histoire générale des Alpes Maritimes ou Cottiennes, ed. by the Abbé Paul Guillaume, Paris, 1890-1892 (3 vols. in 8vo), vol. ii, pp. 313 et seq.

651 The Monk of Dunfermline, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 340. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, pp. 265 et seq. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 243.

652 Simon de Phares, Recueil des plus célèbres astrologues, fr. ms. 1357. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 306; vol. ii, p. 345, note. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. vi, p. 399.

653 Chastellain, vol. iii, p. 446.

654 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 173.

655 I here correct the text of Simon de Phares (Trial, vol. iv, p. 536) according to the written opinion of M. Camille Flammarion.

656 Trial, vol. iv, p. 536.

657 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 341.

658 Recueil de Simon de Phares, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 32, note.

659 Ibid., vol. i, p. 143.

660 The kerb was removed during the Second Empire. Moreover it is admitted that no faith should be put in such traditions. G. de Cougny, Charles VII et Jeanne d’Arc à Chinon, Tours, 1877, in 8vo.

661 Trial, vol. i, p. 75; vol. iii, p. 115. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Journal du siège, pp. 46, 47. Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, p. 68.

662 Trial, vol. i, pp. 75, 141.

663 Le Curial, in Les œuvres de Maistre Alain Chartier, ed. Du Chesne, Paris, 1642, in 4to, p. 398.

664 According to Jeanne there were present La Trémoïlle and the Archbishop of Reims, but she also mentions the Duke of Alençon, who was certainly not there.

665 Trial, vol. iii, p. 115.

666 Ibid., pp. 102-103.

667 Ibid., p. 219. Chronique de la Pucelle, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 205. Mathieu Thomassin, ibid., p. 304. Chronique de Lorraine, ibid., p. 330. Philippe de Bergame, ibid., p. 523.

668 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in the Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 336.

669 St. Paul, Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Labbe, Collection des conciles, vol. vii, p. 978. Saumaise, Epistola ad Andream Colvium super cap. xi, I ad Corynth. de cæsarie virorum et mulierum coma. Lugd-Batavor ex off. Elz. 1644, in 12mo. Quelques notes d’archéologie sur la chevelure féminine, in Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 1888, vol. xvi, pp. 419, 425.

670 Trial, vol. i, p. 75; vol. iii, pp. 17, 92, 115. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 67. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Journal du siège, p. 46.

671 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 195.

672 Th. Basin, vol. i, p. 312. Chastellain, vol. ii, p. 178. Portrait historique du roi Charles VII, by Henri Baude, published by Vallet de Viriville in Nouvelles recherches sur Henri Baude, p. 6. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, p. 83.

673 As in the miniature painted by Jean Fouquet, more than ten years later. Gruyer, Les Quarante Fouquet de Chantilly, Paris, 1897, in 4to.

674 Note sur un ancien portrait de Charles VII, conservé au Louvre, in the Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de France, 1862, pp. 67 et seq.

675 Trial, vol. ii, p. 103. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 337. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 67, 68.

676 Trial, vol. iii, p. 103 (evidence of Brother Pasquerel).

677 The Abridger of the Trial, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 258, 259. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, p. 67. Journal du siège, p. 48.

678 Trial, vol. iii, p. 116 (evidence of S. Charles). S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. lxi.

679 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 17, 209. As early as April the promised deliverance of Orléans and coronation at Reims had been heard of at Lyons (Trial, vol. iv, p. 426).

680 Pasquerel alone of the witnesses mentions this (Trial, vol. iii, p. 103). Cf. the anecdote of the Sire de Boissy related by P. Sala in his collection, Les hardiesses des grands rois et empereurs (Trial, vol. iv, p. 278).

681 Trial, vol. iii, p. 209.

682 Ibid., p. 66.

683 G. de Cougny, Charles VII et Jeanne d’Arc à Chinon, Tours, 1877, p. 40.

684 Trial, vol. iii, p. 17.

685 Ibid., pp. 65, 73. Mademoiselle A. de Villaret, Louis de Coutes, page de Jeanne d’Arc, Orléans, 1890, in 8vo.

686 Trial, vol. iii, p. 17.

687 Ibid., p. 66.

688 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 274 et seq. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 68.

689 Trial, vol. i, p. 68.

690 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 133, 340. Thomassin, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 395. Walter Bower, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 489. Christine de Pisan, in Trial, vol. v, p. 12. La Borderie, Les véritables prophéties de Merlin, examen des poèmes bretons attribués à ce barde, in the Revue de Bretagne, 1883, vol. liii.

691 Cuvelier, Le poème de Du Guesclin, l. 3285. Francisque-Michel and Th. Wright, Vie de Merlin attribuée à Geoffroy de Monmouth, suivie des prophéties de ce barde tirées de l’histoire des Bretons, Paris, 1837, in 8vo, pp. 67 et seq. La Villemarqué, Myrdhin ou Merlin l’Enchanteur, son histoire, ses œuvres, son influence, n. ed., Paris, 1862, in 12mo. D’Arbois de Jubainville, Merlin est-il un personnage réel? in the Revue des questions historiques, 1868, pp. 559-568. Lefèvre-Pontalis, Morosini, vol. iv, supplement xvi. “[Geoffrey of Monmouth] represented Merlin as having prophesied all the events of the history of Britain until the year 1135 in which he wrote. The Historia Regum was very popular in the ecclesiastical world. Its legends were held to be facts. The exactness with which its prognostications had been fulfilled down to 1135 was marvelled at, and an attempt was made to interpret the prophecies relating to subsequent times.” Gaston Paris, La littérature française au moyen age, 1890, pp. 86-104.

692 Le Baud, Histoire de Bretagne, Paris, 1638, in fol., p. 451.

693 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 340-342.

694 Morosini, vol. iv, p. 324.

695 Pierre Migiet weaves the two prophecies into one, which he says he has read in a book, Trial, vol. iii, p. 133.

696 Adopting the emendation made by M. Germain Lefèvre-Pontalis in his Chronique d’Antonio Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 126, 127; vol. iv, pp. 316 et seq.

697 The Complete Works of the Venerable Bede, ed. Giles, London, 1843-1844, 12 vols., in 8vo, in Patres Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ.

698 Christine de Pisan, in Trial, vol. v, p. 12. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 126. The Dean of Saint Thibaud, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 423. Herman Korner, in Le P. Ayroles, La vraie Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 279 et seq. Walter Bower, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 481.

699 Buchon, Math. d’Escouchy, etc., p. 537. G. Lefèvre-Pontalis, Eberhard Windecke, pp. 21-31. A Latin text of this prophecy is to be found on the fly-leaf of the Cartulary of Thérouanne.

700 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 393-407; vol. v, p. 473. Marcellin Fornier, Histoire des Alpes-Maritimes ou Cottiennes, vol. ii, pp. 313, 314.

701 [In the original French garce.] The text has grace, which is not possible. I have conjectured that the word should be garce.

702 M. Fornier, Histoire des Alpes-Maritimes ou Cottiennes, vol. ii, pp. 313, 314.

703 Clerk of the Town Hall of Albi, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 300.

704 Thomassin, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 304.

705 Sandal or cendal, a silk bearing some resemblance to taffetas. Cf. Godefroy, Lexique de l’ancien français (W.S.).

706 Du Cange, Glossaire, under the word auriflamma. Le Roux de Lincy and Tisserand, Paris et ses historiens, pp. 150, 251, 257, 259. [Histoire générale de Paris.]

707 Perceval de Cagny, p. 136. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 224, 249.

708 Trial, vol. iii, p. 91.

709 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. iii, pp. 408, 409. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. vi, pp. 43, 44.

710 Trial, vol. iii, p. 91.

711 Ibid., pp. 91, 92. Eberhard Windecke, pp. 152 et seq.

712 Trial, vol. iii, p. 92.

713 Perceval de Cagny, p. 148.

714 Trial, vol. iii, p. 96.

715 Perceval de Cagny, p. 151, passim.

716 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 240.

717 Cf. 1 Kings xiii, 4 (W.S.). P. Dupuy, Procès de Jean II, duc d’Alençon, 1458-1474, 1658, in 4to. Michelet, Histoire de France, vol. v, p. 382. Docteur Chereau, Médecins du quinzième siècle, in l’Union Médicale, vol. xiv, August, 1862. Joseph Guibert, Jean II duc d’Alençon, in Les positions de l’École des Chartes, 1893.

718 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 116, 209.

719 Bélisaire Ledain, Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, Saint-Maixent, 1891, in 8vo, 15 pages. Neuville, Le Parlement royal à Poitiers, in the Revue historique, vol. vi, p. 284.

720 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 275. Journal du siège, p. 48. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 316.

721 Neuville, Le Parlement royal à Poitiers, in the Revue historique, vol. vi, p. 18. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 571 et seq.

722 Louis Battifol, Jean Jouvenel, prévot des marchands de la ville de Paris, Paris, 1894, in 8vo. Juvénal des Ursins, Histoire de Charles VI, pp. 359, 360.

723 Trial, vol. iii, p. 92. Gallia Christiana, vol. ii, col. 1198.

724 Trial, vol. iii, p. 92. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, p. 6.

725 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 203, 204.

726 Ibid., pp. 19, 203.

727 Ibid., pp. 74, 75. Launoy, Historia Collegii Navarrici, lib. ii, passim.

728 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 92, 102.

729 Ibid., pp. 74, 75.

730 Ibid., pp. 74, 92, 102.

731 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 203.

732 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 27, 28.

733 Ibid., pp. 19, 74, 92, 203. Gallia Christiana, vol. iii, col. 1128.

734 Trial, vol. iii, p. 203. Gallia Christiana, vol. iii, col. 1129.

735 Trial, vol. iii, p. 92.

736 Ibid., pp. 19, 83, 203.

737 Ibid., pp. 19, 203. Le P. Chapotin, La guerre de cent ans; Jeanne d’Arc et les Dominicains, p. 132.

738 Canon Dunand, La légende anglaise de Jeanne, Paris, 1903, in 8vo, p. 118.

739 O. Raguenet de Saint-Albin, Les juges de Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, membres du Parlement ou gens d’Église, Orléans, 1894, in 8vo, 46 pages.

[740] See ante, pp. ¹⁵³, ¹⁵⁴.

741 Judith, xvi, 7 (W.S.).

742 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 19, 74, 82, 203. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 275. B. Ledain, Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, Saint-Maixent, 1891, in 8vo.

743 Nevertheless see Le mistère du siège, pp. 397-406.

744 There can be no reason for suspecting this lady of not living up to her reputation, for nothing is known of her, not even whether she were Maître Jean Rabateau’s first or second wife, for he had two. The first was the daughter of Benoît Pidelet. Cf. B. Ledain, La maison de Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, Maître Jean Rabateau (Revue du Bas-Poitou, April, 1891, pp. 48, 66). A. Barbier, Jeanne d’Arc et l’hôtellerie de la Rose, Poitiers, 1892, in 8vo.

745 Trial, vol. iii, p. 82.

746 Voragine, La légende dorée (Vie de Sainte Catherine).

747 Trial, vol. iii, p. 204 (evidence of Brother Seguin).

748 Ibid., pp. 203, 204.

749 Ibid., p. 74.

750 Trial, vol. iii, p. 92.

751 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 275.

752 Trial, vol. iii, p. 74 (evidence of Gobert Thibault).

753 Trial, vol. iii, p. 74. Boucher de Molandon and A. de Beaucorps, L’armée anglaise, p. 111. La Poule, as he is called here, is identical with Suffort, and is none other than William Pole, Earl of Suffolk, unless John Pole, William’s brother, be intended, but he was not one of the three organisers of the siege. As for Clasdas or Glasdale, as the French called him, he served under the orders of the Commander of Les Tourelles. These errors may have been Jeanne’s, or possibly they were made by the witness. They do not recur in the letter to the English.

754 Trial, vol. iii, p. 83.

755 Ibid., p. 75.

756 Lettres de Gérard Machet, Bibl. nat. Latin documents, no. 8577. Launoy, Regii Navarræ Gymnasii Parisiensis historia, Paris, 1682 (2 vols. in 4to), vol. ii, pp. 533, 557. Du Boulay, Hist. Univ. Parisiensis, vol. v, p. 875. Vallet de Viriville, in Nouvelle biographie générale.

757 De Beaucourt, Extrait du catalogue des actes de Charles VII, p. 18.

758 Trial, vol. i, pp. 71, 72, 73, 171.

759 Labbe, Sacro-Sancta Consilia (1671), vol. ii, pp. 413, 434.

760 Surius, Vitæ S.S. (1618), vol. i, pp. 21-24. Gabriel Brosse, Histoire abrégée de la vie et de la translation de Sainte Euphrosine, Vierge d’Alexandrie, patronne de l’abbaye de Beaulieu-lès-Compiègne, Paris, 1649, in 8vo.

761 Trial, vol. iii, p. 20.

762 It may be noticed that during the consultation of the doctors, according to the report of it given by Thomassin in Le registre Delphinal, Charles of Valois is designated alike by the title of King and by that of Dauphin (Trial, vol. iv, p. 303).

763 Trial, vol. iii, p. 86.

764 Le Père Didon, Vie de Jésus, vol. i, Preface.

765 Juvénal des Ursins, Histoire de Charles VI, p. 359.

766 Trial, vol. iii, p. 204.

767 It seems to have been the fate of the inhabitants of Limousin to be jeered at by the French of Champagne and of l’Île de France. After Brother Seguin we have the student from Limousin to whom Pantagruel says: “Thou art Limousin to the bone and yet here thou wilt pass thyself off as a Parisian.” It is the lot of M. de Pourceaugnac. La Fontaine, in 1663, writes from Limoges to his wife that the people of Limousin are by no means afflicted; neither do they labour under Heaven’s displeasure “as the folk of our provinces imagine.” But he adds that he does not like their habits. It would seem that at first Brother Seguin was annoyed by Jeanne’s mocking vivacious repartees. But he cherished no ill-will against her. “The Limousin’s good nature does not permit the endurance of any unfriendly feeling,” says Abel Hugo in La France pittoresque: Haute-Vienne. Cf. A. Précicou, Rabelais et les Limousins, Limoges, 1906, in 8vo.

768 Trial, vol. iii, p. 205.

769 Judges, ch. vi. (W.S.).

770 Trial, vol. iii, p. 20.

771 Ibid., pp. 20, 205. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 278. Journal du siège, p. 49.

772 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 19, 20.

773 Ibid., vol. i, p. 95; vol. iii, p. 209.

774 Mary Darmesteter, Froissart, Paris, 1894, in 12mo, p. 96.

775 Jean Philippe de Lignan, Rome, 1481 (not paginated), leaf 10 and the following. For the comparison of Jeanne d’Arc to the ancient Sibyl, see the Clerk of Spire, Sibylla Francica, in the Trial, vol. iii, p. 422. Christine de Pisano in the Trial, vol. v, p. 12. Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 8-10. Barbier de Montault, Iconographie des Sibylles, in the Revue de l’art chrétien, xiii-xiv (1869-1870). Barraud, Notice sur les attributs avec lesquelles on représente les Sibylles aux XV^e et XVI^e siècles, in the Bulletin archéologique de la Commission historique des arts mon., vol. iv (1848). Cf. Morosini, vol. iv, supplement xiv, p. 319.

776 Voragine, La légende dorée (Assomption de la Vierge).

777 Le Curé de Saint-Sulpice, Notre Dame de France ou histoire du culte de la Sainte Vierge en France, Paris, 1862, 7 vols. in 8vo. Abbé Mignard, La Sainte Vierge, Paris, 1877, in 8vo, pp. 382 et seq.

778 De l’unicorne qu’une jeune fille séduit, in the Bestiaire of R. de Fournival (Paulin Paris, Manuscrits français, vol. iv, p. 25). Berger de Xivrey, Traditions tératologiques, p. 559. J. Doublet, Histoire de l’abbaye de Saint-Denys, vol. i, p. 320. Vallet de Viriville, Nouvelles recherches sur Agnès Sorel, in Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie, vol. vi, p. 621. A. Maury, Croyances et légendes du moyen âge, pp. 262 et seq.

779 Leber, Des cérémonies du sacre, Paris, 1825, in 8vo, p. 459.

780 L. Tanon, Histoire des tribunaux de l’inquisition en France, Paris, 1893, in 8vo, p. 293.

781 Germain, Catherine Sauve, in Académie des sciences et lettres de Montpellier, Lettres, vol. i, 1854, in 4to, pp. 539-552.

782 Du Cange, Glossaire, under the word Matrimonium.

783 Pierre Le Loyer, Livre des spectres, 1586, in 4to, pp. 527, 551.

784 Trial, vol. iii, p. 102. Vallet de Viriville, article Le Maçon, in Nouvelle biographie générale.

785 Trial, vol. iii, p. 210. Eberhard Windecke, p. 157. Morosini, p. 99.

786 Trial, vol. iii, p. 82.

787 Siméon Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. cxliii. Trial, vol. ii, p. 397.

788 Letter from Perceval de Boulainvilliers to the Duke of Milan, in the Trial, vol. v, pp. 115, 121. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 237.

789 Journal du siège, p. 48. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 275.

790 The word seules in the text is doubtful.

791 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 391, 392.

792 Eberhard Windecke, pp. 32, 41.

793 The conclusions of the Poitiers commission were circulated everywhere. Traces of them are to be found in Brittany (Buchon and Chronique de Morosini), in Flanders (Chronique de Tournai and Chronique de Morosini), in Germany (Eb. Windecke), in Dauphiné (Buchon).

794 “Altra santa Catarina” (Morosini, vol. iii, p. 52). There is no doubt that here she is compared to Saint Catherine of Alexandria and not to Saint Catherine of Sienna.

795 Morosini, vol. iii, p. 101.

796 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 66, 210.

797 Jean Bouchet, Annales d’Aquitaine, in the Trial, vol. iv, pp· 536, 537.

798 Guilbert, Histoire des villes de France, vol. iv, Poitiers. Cf. B. Ledain, La Maison de Jeanne d’Arc à Poitiers, Saint-Maixent, 1892, in 8vo. According to M. Ledain the Hôtel de la Rose was on the spot now occupied by a house, number 13 in La Rue Notre-Dame-la-Petite.

799 Trial, vol. iii, p. 66.

800 Vallet de Viriville, Notices et extraits de chartes et de manuscrits appartenant au British Museum de Londres, in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. viii, pp. 139, 140.

801 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 77.

802 Vallet de Viriville, Analyse et fragments tirés des Archives municipales de Tours in Cabinet historique, vol. v, pp. 102-121.

803 Quicherat, Rodrigue de Villandrando, Paris, 1879, in 8vo, pp. 14 et seq.

804 Le Jouvencel, vol. i, Introduction, p. xxii, note 1.

805 Trial, vol. iii, p. 101.

806 Francisque Mandet, Histoire du Velay, Le Puy, 1860-1862 (7 vols. in 12mo), vol. i, pp. 590 et seq. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, ch. xii.

807 Jean Juvénal des Ursins, 1407.

808 Nicole de Savigni, Notes sur les exploits de Jeanne d’Arc et sur divers évènements de son temps, in the Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de Paris, 1, 1874, p. 43. Chanoine Lucot, Jeanne d’Arc en Champagne, Châlons, 1880, pp. 12, 13.

809 Trial, vol. i, p. 191; vol. ii, p. 74, note. La Romée may have received her surname for an entirely different reason. Most of our knowledge of Jeanne’s mother is derived from documents of very doubtful authenticity.

810 Francis C. Lowell considers the idea of La Romée’s pilgrimage to Puy as a “characteristic example of the madness” of Siméon Luce (Joan of Arc, Boston, 1896, in 8vo, p. 72, note). Nevertheless, after considerable hesitation, I, like Luce, have rejected the corrections proposed by Lebrun de Charmettes and Quicherat, and adopted unamended the text of the Trial.

811 Trial, vol. iii, p. 101. For the meaning of Lector, professor of theology, cf. Du Cange.

812 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 101 et seq.

813 E. Giraudet, Histoire de la ville de Tours, Tours, 1874, 2 vols. in 8vo, passim.

814 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 67, 94, 210; vol. iv, pp. 3, 301, 363.

815 J. Quicherat, Histoire du costume en France, Paris, 1875, large 8vo, pp. 270, 271.

816 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 67, 94, 210. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 60. “The white armour of fifteenth century soldiers, simple as it was, was expensive; it cost about ten thousand francs of our present money. But the complete horse’s armour was included in this” (Maurice Maindron, Pour l’histoire de l’armure, in Le monde moderne, 1896). According to the calculation of P. Clément (Jacques Cœur et Charles VII, 1873, p. lxvi), 100 livres would be equal to 4000 francs of present money.

817 Trial, vol. i, p. 76. Letter from Perceval de Boulainvilliers, ibid., vol. v, p. 120. Greffier de la Chambre des comptes of Brabant, ibid., vol. iv, p. 428. Le Fèvre de Saint-Rémy, ibid., p. 439.

818 Anonymous poem in the Trial, vol. v, p. 38 and note.

819 Capitaine Champion, Jeanne d’Arc écuyère, pp. 146 et seq.

820 Trial, vol. i, pp. 56, 75, 76, 77.

821 Abbé Bourassé, Les miracles de madame sainte Katerine de Fierboys en Touraine (1375-1446), Tours, 1858, in 8vo, passim.

822 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 277. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 69.

823 Trial, vol. i, p. 77. Les miracles de madame sainte Katerine, passim.

824 Trial, vol. i, pp. 76, 234, 236. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 277. Journal du siège, p. 49. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 69, 70. Guerneri Berni, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 519. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 267. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 109. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, pp. 337, 338. Chronique Messine, edition Bouteiller, 1878, Orléans, in 8vo, 26 pages.

[825] Trial, vol. i, pp. 75, 235.

826 Ibid., p. 76.

827 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 108, 109. Chronique de Lorraine, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 332. Eberhard Windecke, p. 101. Cf. Journal du siège, p. 49.

828 Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 122.

829 Trial, vol. i, pp. 77, 179, 236; vol. iii, p. 103.

830 Ibid., pp. 78, 117.

831 Ibid., pp. 78, 117, 181, 300. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 338. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 110; vol. iv, supplement, xv, pp. 313, 315.

832 Perceval de Cagny, p. 150. Journal du siège, p. 76. Relation du greffier d’Albi, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 301. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 338. Chronique du doyen de Saint-Thibaud de Metz, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 322. Extract from the thirteenth account of Hémon Raguier, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 258.

833 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 65; Un épisode de la vie de Jeanne d’Arc, in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. iv, first series, p. 488.

834 In Beaudouin de Sebourg (xx, 249) is the passage:
Il est cousin au conte
Il en fait estandart

quoted by Godefroy. Cf. La Curne and Littré.

835 “Pourquoy la Hire, Poton et plusieurs autres vaillants hommes qui moult enviz s’en alloient ainsi honteusement,” Journal du siège, p. 42.

836 The hospital of Orléans, close to the cathedral.

837 9 March. Journal du siège, pp. 56, 57.

838 Journal du siège, p. 64.

839 Boucher de Molandon, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, ch. ii. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 60, 107, 110, 112.

840 Journal du siège, pp. 57, 58. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, dissertation vi.

841 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 265, 267. Morosini, vol. iv, supplement xiii.

842 Journal du siège, p. 58.

843 Le Jouvencel, vol. i, p. xxii; vol. ii, p. 44.

844 Journal du siège, pp. 56, 62.

845 Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 50, 58.

846 Pierre Sureau’s account in Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, proofs and illustrations, no. vi, pp. 45, 46.

847 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, pp. 221, 222 et seq.

848 Shakespeare, Henry VI, part i, act i, scene ii. According to M. G. Duval the first part of this play was adapted from one of Shakespeare’s predecessors.

849 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 65.

850 Journal du siège, pp. 69, 70. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 270. Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 317 et seq. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 19, 20, 21; vol. iv, supplement xiv, p. 311. Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 68 et seq. Boucher de Molandon, L’armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d’Arc, p. 145.

851 Journal du siège, p. 70.

852 Jollois, Histoire du siège, part vi, ch. i. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, dissertation ix. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses de Charles VII, ch. v. Lottin, Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans, vol. ii, p. 205. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 25, note 2.

853 Journal du siège, p. 64.

854 Ibid., p. 59.

855 Charles d’Orléans, Poésies, edited by A. Champollion-Figeac, Paris, 1842, in 8vo, p. 176.

856 Miniature in the MS. of the poems of Charles d’Orléans, in the British Museum, Royal 16 F. ii, fol. 73 v^o.

857 Journal du siège, p. 43. Symphorien Guyon, Histoire de la ville d’Orléans, vol. ii, p. 43.

858 Chronique de la fête, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 297.

859 Accounts of the Commune, passim, in Journal du siège, pp. 210 et seq.

860 Mistère du siège, lines 6964 et seq.

861 Aug. Theiner, Saint Aignan ou le siège d’Orléans par Attila, notice historique suivie de la vie de ce saint, tirée des MSS. de la Bibliothèque du Roi, Paris, 1832, in 8vo.

862 Journal du siège, p. 46. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 278. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 66.

863 Journal du siège, pp. 47, 48. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, pp. 61 et seq.

864 Journal du siège, p. 77.

865 Trial, vol. iii, p. 93. Geste des nobles, in La chronique de la Pucelle, p. 250. The Accounts of fortresses (1428-1430), in Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 30 et seq.

866 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 287. Journal du siège, p. 81. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 28, 29. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 230.

867 The name by which the town councillors of Toulouse were called.

868 Le siège d’Orléans, Jeanne d’Arc et les capitouls de Toulouse, by A. Thomas, in Annales du Midi, 1889, p. 232. It would appear that Saint-Flour, although solicited, did not contribute: it had enough to do to defend itself from the freebooters who were constantly hovering round. Cf. Villandrando et les écorcheurs à Saint-Flour by M. Boudet, Clermont-Ferrand, 1895, in 8vo, pp. 18 et seq.

869 Receipts of the town of Orléans in 1429, in Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 36.

870 Florent d’Illiers, descended from an old family of the Chartres country, had married Jeanne, daughter of Jean de Coutes and sister of the little page whom the Sire de Gaucourt had given the Maid (A. de Villaret).

871 Journal du siège, p. 73. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 278.

872 Le Jouvencel, vol. ii, p. 44.

873 Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 75 et seq.

874 Trial, vol. iii, p. 4.

875 Journal du siège, passim. Chronique de Tournai, ed. Smedt (vol. iii, in the Recueil des chroniques de Flandre), p. 409.

876 Trial, vol. iii, p. 93.

877 Wavrin, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 407. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 316. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 278. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 68. Mistère du siège, lines 11,431 et seq. Abbé Bossard, Gilles de Rais, Maréchal de France, dit Barbe-Bleue (1404-1440), Paris, 1886, 8vo, pp. 31, 106.

878 Trial, vol. iii, p. 74.

879 Jeanne says (in her Trial) from 10,000 to 12,000 men; Monstrelet says, 7000; Eberhard Windecke, 3000; Morosini, 12,000.

880 “Car vous ne trouverez nulz marchans qu’ils se mettent en ceste peine ne en ce danger, s’ilz n’ont l’argent contant.” (“For you will find no merchants who will take that trouble, and run that risk, unless they are paid ready money.”) Le Jouvencel, vol. i, p. 184.

881 Trial, vol. iii, p. 74.

882 There are eight ancient texts of this letter: (1) the text used in the Rouen trial (Trial, i, p. 240); (2) a text probably written by a Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; the original document has been lost, but there are two copies dating from the 18th century (Ibid., v, p. 95); (3) the text contained in Le journal du siège (Ibid., iv, p. 139); (4) the text in La chronique de la Pucelle (Ibid., iv, p. 215); (5) the text in Thomassin’s Registre Delphinal (Ibid., iv, p. 306); (6) the text of the Greffier de La Rochelle (Revue historique, vol. iv); (7) the text of the Tournai Chronicle (Recueil des chroniques de Flandre, vol. iii, p. 407); (8) the text in Le mistère du siège. There may be mentioned also a German contemporary translation by Eberhard Windecke.
The text from the Trial is the one quoted here. It is a reproduction of the original. The others differ from it and from original too widely for it to be possible to indicate the differences except by giving the whole of each text. And after all these variations are of no great importance.

883 The King of France himself designated as good such of his towns as he wished to honour.

884 Compare: “Et ardirent la ville et violèrent l’abbaye.” (“And burnt the town and violated the abbey.”) Froissart, quoted by Littré. As early as Le chanson de Roland we find: “Les castels pris, les cités violées.” (“The castles taken, the cities violated.”)

885 The deliverance of the Duke of Orléans. Réclamer in the French. M. S. Reinach proposes to substitute relever, which is plausible (cf. Trial, vol. ii, p. 421).

886 Le journal du siège omits the word France and thus renders the phrase unintelligible. This omission proceeds from a text of great antiquity on which are based notably La chronique de la Pucelle and the account of the Greffier de La Rochelle whom this mangled phrase visibly embarrassed.

887 Gentle is here in opposition to villein. Gentle and otherwise: nobles and villeins. Here we must interpret the terms comrades and gentle according to their true meaning and not consider them as used ironically, as in the following passage from Froissart: “Il (le duc de Lancastre) entendit comme il pourroit estre saisy de quatre gentils compaignons qui estranglé avoyent son oncle, le duc de Glocestre, au chasteau de Calais.” “He (the Duke of Lancaster) realised how he might be seized by the four gentle comrades who had strangled his uncle, the Duke of Gloucester, in the Castle of Calais.” (Froissart in La Curne.)

888 French. Attendez les nouvelles de la Pucelle and further on: Si vous ne voulés croire lez nouvelles de par Dieu de la Pucelle.... This word Nouvelles then as now meant tidings, but it also had a sense of marvels as in the following phrase: “En celle année apparurent maintes nouvelles à Rosay en Brie; le vin fut mué en sang et le pain en chair sensiblement ou (au) sacrement de l’autel.” (“In that year many marvels were wrought at Rosay in Brie; the wine was turned to blood and the bread to flesh visibly at the sacrament of the altar.”) (Chroniques de Saint Denys, in La Curne.)

889 Trial, vol. i, pp. 55, 84, 240.

890 Ibid., pp. 55, 56, 84.

891 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 64, 82 et seq. Christine de Pisan, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 16. Concerning the subject of the Crusade, cf. N. Jorga, Philippe de Mezières, 1896, in 8vo: Notes et extraits pour servir à l’histoire des Croisades au XV^e siècle, Paris, 1899-1902, 3 vols. in 8vo (taken from La revue de l’Orient Latin).

892 Pii Secundi commentarii, 1614 edition, p. 440. Wadding, Annales Minorum, vol. v, pp. 130 et seq.

893 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 233. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. xv, ccxxxvii. See the pictures in the numerous fifteenth century little popular books concerning Antichrist. (Brunet, Manuel du libraire, vol. i, col. 316.)

894 Félix Rabbe, Jeanne d’Arc en Angleterre, Paris, 1891, p. 12.

895 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 112. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 340.

896 Le P. Marcellin Fornier, Histoire des Alpes, Maritimes ou Cottiennes, vol. ii, pp. 315 et seq.

897 In all extant copies of the Letter to the English, except that of the Trial, at the passage “you may come” [Encore que pourrez venir] the text is completely illegible.

898 Per unam litteram suo materno idiomate confectam, verbis bene simplicibus, Trial, vol. iv, p. 7, evidence of the Bastard of Orléans. Mathieu Thomassin, Registre Delphinal, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 306.

899 On the contrary it contains forms which would never have been penned by a native of Picardy, Burgundy, Lorraine, or Champagne, such as the participle envoyée. Both the grammar and the writing are those of a French clerk. (Contributed by M. E. Langlois.)

900 Trial, vol. v, p. 252. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. xx, 9, 10. [Document of very doubtful authenticity.]

901 Trial, vol. iii, p. 101.

902 Ibid., pp. 65, 67, 124. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 277. A. de Villaret, Louis de Coutes, page de Jeanne d’Arc, Orléans, 1890, 8vo.

903 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 26, 27.

904 Extracts from the Accounts of Hémon Raguier, Trial, vol. v, pp. 257, 258.

905 Trial, vol. iii, p. 211. D’Aulon had seen her at Poitiers.

906 Ibid., p. 15. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 292, note 3. The loans mentioned occurred later, but there is no reason to believe that they were the first. Duc de La Tremoïlle, Les La Trémouille pendant cinq siècles, Guy VI et Georges (1346-1446), Nantes, 1890, pp. 196, 201.

907 Juvénal des Ursins, year 1396.

908 Ordonnances des rois de France, vol. xi, p. 105; vol. xiii, p. 247. S. de Bouillerie, La répression du blasphème dans l’ancienne législation, in the Revue historique et archéologique du Maine, 1884, pp. 369 et seq. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 370; vol. ii, p. 189. A. Longnon, Paris pendant la domination anglaise, Paris, 1878, in 8vo, pp. 11, 56.

909 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 78, 104, 105. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 283. Very early she was mentioned in connection with La Hire, the most valiant of the French, and it was imagined that she taught him to confess and to cease swearing. These are pretty stories (Trial, vol. iii, p. 32; vol. iv, p. 327).

910 Trial, vol. iii, p. 103. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 47. L.A. Bossebœuf, Jeanne d’Arc en Touraine, Tours, 1899, pp. 34 et seq.

911 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, monastères, hôpitaux, en France, vers le milieu du XV^e siècle, Mâcon, 1897, in 8vo, introduction.

912 Trial, vol. iv, p. 327. Tringant, Le Jouvencel, vol. ii, p. 277, merely says that few soldiers went willingly to the relief of Orléans, which is not strictly accurate.

913 Trial, vol. iii, p. 104 (Brother Pasquerel’s evidence). Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 281. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 110, 111; vol. iv, pp. 313-315. G. Martin, L’étendard de Jeanne d’Arc, in Notes d’art et d’arch., 1834, pp. 65-71, 81-88, illustrated.

914 Trial, vol. iii, p. 93. Chronique du doyen de Saint-Thibaud, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 327.

915 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 5, 67, 78, 105, 212. Martial d’Auvergne, ibid., vol. v, p. 53. Chronique de la fête, ibid., p. 290. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 281. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 71. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 38 et seq.

916 The 28th of April, according to Eberhard Windecke, p. 165. The 27th, if, as Pasquerel says, the army spent two nights on the march.

917 Trial, vol. iii, p. 105.

918 Eberhard Windecke, p. 167.

919 Trial, vol. iii, p. 104 (Brother Pasquerel’s evidence).

920 Ibid., p. 67 (evidence of Louis de Coutes).

921 Ibid., p. 67. Pasquerel says (vol. iii, p. 105) that the soldiers of fortune were permitted to join the congregation if they had confessed.

922 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 4, 5. Boucher de Molandon, Bulletin de la Société archéologique de l’Orléanais, vol. iv, p. 427; vol. ix, p. 73. The same author, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 41 et seq. Mistère du siège, lines 11,480 et seq. Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 289.

923 Journal du siège, p. 75. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 283.

924 “Et cuidoit bien qu’ils deussent passer par devers les bastides du siège devers la Beausse.” Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 281.

925 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 285 (the Chronicle here amplifies the evidence of Dunois, vol. iii, p. 67).

926 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 5, 6.

927 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 5, 6. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 284. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 49.

928 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273.

929 Opinion of Martin Berruyer, in Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations, ch. vii.

930 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 78, 214.

931 Trial, vol. iii, p. 16.

932 Ibid., p. 78. Journal du siège, pp. 74, 75. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 290.

933 Trial, vol. iii, p. 105. Chronique du la Pucelle, p. 284.

934 Boucher de Molandon, La délivrance d’Orléans et l’institution de la fête du 8 mai, Chronique anonyme du XV^e siècle, Orléans, 1883, in 8vo, pp. 28, 29.

935 Trial, vol. iii, p. 6. Journal du siège, p. 75.

936 Chronique de la fête, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 290. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 23, note 5. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 52-56.

937 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 285. This document very untrustworthy as a whole is in certain passages a better authority than Le journal du siège.

938 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 104, 105 (Pasquerel’s evidence).

939 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 284, 285.

940 “Ex tunc dictus deponens habuit bonam spem de ea et plus quam ante,” Trial, vol. iii, p. 6.

941 Timens ne recedere vellent et quod opus remaneret imperfectum, Trial, vol. iii, p. 78. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 286. Chronique de la fête, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 285. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 61, 62.

942 Trial, vol. iii, p. 105. Mistère du siège, line 11,616.

943 Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 62, 99, note xiv, and in Bulletin de la Société archéologique de l’Orléanais, vol. iv, p. 429; vol. ix, p. 73.

944 Journal du siège, p. 75. Ch. du Lys, Traité sommaire tant du nom et des armes que de la naissance et parenté de la Pucelle d’Orléans et de ses frères, Paris, 1628, in 4to, p. 50. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 344. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 86. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 65, proofs and illustrations, note xv.

945 Journal du siège, pp. 75, 76.

946 Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 68.

947 Chronique de la Fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 290.

948 Journal du siège, pp. 74, 75. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 69. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 284, 285.

949 Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 51 et seq.

950 Journal du siège, p. 75.

951 Ibid., p. 76.

952 Journal du siège, pp. 74, 75.

953 And even now trumpeters ride white horses (Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, by Lebrun de Charmettes, 1817, in 8vo, vol. ii, p. 21).

954 Trial, vol. iii, p. 7. Journal du siège, p. 76. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 287. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 72. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 28, 30.

955 “Comme se ilz veissent Dieu descendre entre eulx,” says Le journal du siège, p. 76. Luillier (Trial, vol. iii, p. 24) calls her “the angel of the Lord” (l’ange de Dieu).

956 Journal du siège, pp. 76, 77.

957 Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, p. 28.

958 Trial, vol. i, p. 101; vol. iii, pp. 34, 68, 124 et seq., 211. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 285. Boucher de Molandon, Jacques Boucher, sieur de Guilleville, trésorier général du district d’Orléans.... in Mémoires de la Société archéologique de l’Orléanais, vol. xxii, 1889, p. 373. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 101, note xvi; proofs and illustrations, p. 108.

959 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 73. Chronique de la Pucelle, ed. Vallet de Viriville, p. 20. [Note on G. Cousinot the Chancellor.] Cf. Nouvelle biographie générale. Vallet de Viriville, Essais critiques sur les historiens originaux du règne de Charles VII, in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, 1857, fourth series, vol. iii, pp. 11-14, 105-111.

960 Trial, vol. i, p. 101; vol. iii, pp. 68, 124 et seq.; vol. iv, pp. 153, 219, 227. Journal du siège, pp. 77, 78. Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 69, 107, note xvi.

961 G. Lefèvre-Pontalis (Chronique d’Antonio Morosini, vol. iii, p. 101, note) discovers in La chronique de la Pucelle (xliv, p. 285) a wrong use of an incident cited by Dunois in his evidence, which must be allowed to have happened on the 7th of May, as Dunois cited it (Trial, vol. iii, p. 9).

962 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 34, 68.

963 Franklin, La vie privée d’autrefois, vols. ii, xix, passim. H. Havard, Dictionnaire de l’ameublement, under the word lit.

964 Accounts of the fortress in Trial, vol. v, pp. 259, 260.

965 Journal du siège, pp. 43, 44.

966 Ibid., pp. 78, 79.

967 See the evidence of S. Charles (vol. iii, pp. 116, 117) and certain details in La chronique de la Pucelle.

968 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 7, 211; vol. iv, pp. 221, 222. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 250, 251, 287. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 74, 75.

969 Journal du siège, pp. 78, 79.

970 Ibid., p. 78. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 291, 292. Cf. Letter written from Germany, in Trial, vol. v, p. 349.

971 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 27, 108. Journal du siège, p. 79.

972 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 284. Trial, vol. iii, pp. 26, 27.

973 Martial de Paris, called d’Auvergne, Vigiles de Charles VII, ed. Coustelier, 1724, vol. i, p. 98.

974 La Curne, under the word Periapt. Shakespeare, Henry VI, part i, act v, sc. iii.

975 Shakespeare, Henry VI, part i, act iii, sc. i.

976 Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 306. Carlier, Histoire du Valois, vol. ii, p. 442.

977 Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, p. 61.

978 Shakespeare, Henry VI, part i, act i, sc. ii.

979 Trial, vol. iii, p. 27. Journal du siège, p. 79. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 285, 286.

980 Journal du siège, p. 79. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 290.

981 Trial, vol. iii, p. 7. Journal du siège, p. 79.

982 Trial, vol. iii, p. 211.

983 Journal du siège, p. 80. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, pp. 92, 95.

984 1 May. Journal du siège, p. 80.

985 Trial, vol. iii, p. 68 (evidence of Louis de Coutes).

986 Extracts from fortress accounts, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 259.

987 Trial, vol. i, p. 64.

988 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 9, 15, 18, 22, 60; vol. v, p. 120. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 285. Morosini, p. 101. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 337.

989 Journal du siège, p. 80. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 95.

990 Charles Cuissard, Notes chronologiques sur Jean de Mâcon, in Mémoires de la Société archéologique de l’Orléanais, vol. xi, 1897, pp. 529, 545.

991 Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 291. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, p. 30.

992 Note by Guill. Girault, notary in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 282. Journal du siège, p. 135.

993 Trial, vol. v, pp. 112, 113.

994 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 24. Cf. Ibid., pp. 7, 8 (the evidence of Dunois amounts to much the same).

995 Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 291.

996 Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 291.

997 Journal du siège, pp. 51, 52.

998 Beaucroix, in his evidence, says it was Jean d’Aulon (Trial, vol. iii, p. 79); but, according to his own testimony, d’Aulon was then following the Bastard (Ibid., vol. iii, p. 210).

999 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 79. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 286. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 85.

1000 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 287.

1001 Ibid., p. 287. Journal du siège, p. 81. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, dissertation ix. Lottin, Recherches, vol. i, p. 205. Loiseleur, Comptes des dépenses, ch. vii.

1002 On the 4th of May, as on the 29th of April, the corn was brought down the Loire. Indeed there exists a bill which makes mention of “sailors who brought the corn which came from Blois on the 4th day of May,” “nottoniers qui amenèrent les blés qui furent amenés de Blois le iiij^e jour de may” (Boucher de Molandon, Première expédition de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 58, 59).

1003 The 4th of May, Trial, vol. iii, pp. 105, 211. Journal du siège, p. 81. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 287.

1004 Trial, vol. iii, p. 212 (Jean d’Aulon’s evidence).

1005 Ibid., p. 212.

1006 Ibid., p. 212. Journal du siège, p. 78.

1007 I have followed the account of Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 73 (amplified in La chronique de la Pucelle, p. 288), which is more plausible than that of Le journal du siège.

1008 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 212, 213 (Jean d’Aulon’s evidence).

1009 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 106.

1010 Trial, vol. iii, p. 68 (evidence of Louis de Coutes).

1011 Ibid., p. 69.

1012 Ibid., p. 212.

1013 Ibid., pp. 212, 213 (Jean d’Aulon’s evidence).

1014 Trial, vol. iii, p. 213.

1015 Gruel, Chronique d’Arthur de Richemont, p. 72.

1016 Journal du siège, p. 75.

1017 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 124, 126. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, dissertation vi. Morosini, vol. iv, supplement xiii. Journal du siège, pp. 83, 84. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 72.

1018 Robert Blondel, De reductione Normanniæ, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 347. Journal du siège, p. 13. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 286 et seq.

1019 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 109, 127. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 295. Clerk of the Chambre des Comptes de Brabant, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 426. Eberhard Windecke, p. 172.

1020 Perceval de Cagny says: “Soon after [the arrival of the Maid on the edge of the entrenchments] those in the fort wished to surrender to her: she would not take them for ransom and said she would capture them in any event, and redoubled the attack. And straightway the fort was taken and almost all put to death.” This is hard to believe. The English would sooner have surrendered to the humblest menial in the Armagnac host than to the Maid: and it is not likely that she would have refused to hold them as prisoners for ransom. Besides, Perceval de Cagny has not the remotest idea of what happened on the 4th of May. For example, he believes that the Maid opened the attack. Perceval de Cagny, pp. 144 et seq. Journal du siège, p. 82. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 289. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 294.

1021 Trial, vol. iii, p. 106.

1022 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 289.

1023 Trial, vol. iii, p. 106.

1024 At the capture of the Saint-Loup bastion:

	Number of French engaged.	Number of French slain.
Journal du Siège	1,500 without counting nobles.
Letter of Charles VII		2
Morosini’s correspondent	3,500
Eberhard Windecke		2

	Number of English engaged.	Number of English slain.
Brother Pasquerel	100 picked men	100 slain or taken
Jean d’Aulon		all killed or taken
G. Girault		120 killed or taken
Charles VII’s letter		all killed or taken
Journal du siège		114 killed, 40 taken
Relation de la fête du 8 Mai	From 120 to 140	all killed or taken
Perceval de Cagny	3,000	all killed or taken
Chronique de la Pucelle		160 killed
Monstrelet	From 300 to 400	all killed or taken
Eberhard Windecke		170 killed, 1,300 taken
Les Vigiles de Charles VII		60 killed, 22 taken

1025 The accounts of the fortress in Journal du siège, p. 284.

1026 Trial, vol. iii, p. 107. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 289, 290.

1027 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 34, 35 (evidence of the widow Huré).

1028 May 5th. Quicherat is mistaken when he says (Trial, vol. iv, p. 57, note) that this council was held at Jacques Boucher’s. Cf. Journal du siège, p. 83. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 73. Boucher de Molandon in Mémoires de la Société archéologique de l’Orléanais, vol. xxii, p. 373.

1029 By the little island without a name which is marked on the plan as Petite Île Charlemagne. The English had fortified it. See plan.

1030 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 74.

1031 Ibid., pp. 74, 75. These statements are very doubtful.

1032 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 74, 75. Very doubtful.

1033 Ibid., p. 75. Journal du siège, pp. 82, 83. Cf. the evidence of S. Charles (Trial, vol. iii, pp. 116, 117).

1034 May 5th. Trial, vol. iii, p. 107 (Pasquerel’s evidence).

1035 Ibid., p. 108.

1036 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 286. Journal du siège, p. 79, gives a different account of this episode.

1037 Trial, vol. iii, p. 108 (Pasquerel’s evidence).

1038 Ibid., pp. 116, 117. Evidence of S. Charles. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 105.

1039 Journal du siège, pp. 83, 84. Abbé Dubois, Histoire du siège, p. 535. Jollois, Histoire du siège, p. 39.

1040 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 290.

1041 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 76. Journal du siège, pp. 84, 85.

1042 “Et les rebouterent ils par maintes fois et tresbucherent de hault en bas.” Journal du siège, p. 85.

1043 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 214, 215 (Jean d’Aulon’s evidence).

1044 Trial, vol. iii, p. 215 (Jean d’Aulon’s evidence).

1045 Ibid., p. 78 (evidence of Beaucroix). Journal du siège, p. 86.

1046 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 291. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 72. Journal du siège, pp. 84, 85. Of doubtful authenticity.

1047 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 291.

1048 Perceval de Cagny, p. 146.

1049 Trial, vol. iii, p. 79 (evidence of Beaucroix).

1050 Ibid., p. 70. Chronique de la fête, p. 33.

1051 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 291.

1052 Trial, vol. iii, p. 108.

1053 The council is mentioned in La chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292; but this document is a mere echo of Brother Pasquerel’s evidence.

1054 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 108, 109. Brother Pasquerel, whom I follow here, reports Jeanne’s saying in the following terms: Exibit crastina die sanguis a corpore meo supra mammam. I suspect him of having added to the prophecy. He was too fond of miracles and prophecies. On the 28th of April the Maid says that the wind will change, and it changed. Brother Pasquerel is not satisfied with so moderate a marvel. He relates that Jeanne raised the waters of the Loire. We know on other authority that the Loire was high. It cannot be denied that long before this Jeanne had foretold that she would be wounded. This fact, stated in a letter from Lyon, dated the 22nd of April, 1429, was recorded in a register of La Cour des Comptes of Brabant. But she did not specify the day. Dixit... quod ipsa ante Aureliam in conflictu telo vulnerabitur (Trial, vol. iv, p. 426).

1055 Journal du siège, p. 84.

1056 Trial, vol. iii, p. 109. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 295.

1057 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292. Trial, vol. iii, p. 215. Journal du siège, pp. 84, 85.

1058 Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 293.

1059 “Par l’accord et consentement des bourgeois d’Orléans mais contre l’opinion et volonté de tous les chefs et capitaines,” Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292.

1060 Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 293. Le Roux de Lincy, Proverbes, vol. ii, p. 395.

1061 Trial, vol. iii, p. 124 (evidence of the woman P. Milet). Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292.

1062 Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 43, 44.

1063 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292. Journal du siège, p. 284, passim.

1064 Journal du siège, p. 87. Letter from Charles VII to the people of Narbonne (10 May, 1429), in Trial, vol. v, pp. 101 et seq. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 294. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 77. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 32, note 1.

1065 Jarry, Le compte de l’armée anglaise, pp. 94, 95, 136, 206. Boucher de Molandon, L’armée anglaise, pp. 94 et seq.

1066 They were employed chiefly in carrying munitions of war. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292.

1067 Trial, vol. iii, p. 5.

1068 Journal du siège, p. 85. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 293. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 77. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 31 et seq.

1069 Accounts of fortresses in Journal du siège, pp. 296, 300. Vergniaud-Romagnési, Notice historique sur le fort des Tourelles, Paris, in 8vo, 1832, p. 50.

1070 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 293.

1071 “Post prandium,” says Brother Pasquerel (Trial, vol. iii, p. 108). Cf. the evidence of Dunois (Ibid., p. 8).

1072 Trial, vol. i, p. 79. Eberhard Windecke, p. 172.

1073 Trial, vol. iii, p. 109.

1074 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 292. Clerk of La Chambre des Comptes of Brabant, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 426.

1075 Trial, vol. iii, p. 109. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 292, 293.

1076 Trial, vol. iii, p. 109 (Pasquerel’s evidence).

1077 Ibid., vol. i, p. 79; vol. iii, p. 110.

1078 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 293.

1079 Trial, vol. iii, p. 216 (Jean d’Aulon’s evidence), p. 25; (evidence of J. Luillier). Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 293.

1080 Trial, vol. iii, p. 25. Journal du siège, pp. 85, 86. Eberhard Windecke, p. 173.

1081 Trial, vol. iii, p. 8 (evidence of Dunois). I emphatically reject the facts alleged by Charles du Lys, concerning Guy de Cailly, who is said to have accompanied Jeanne into the vineyard and seen the angels coming down to her. Guy de Cailly’s patent of nobility is apocryphal. Charles du Lys, Traité sommaire, pp. 50, 52.

1082 Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 62, 153, 480; vol. ii, pp. 420, 424.

1083 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 216. The Count Couret, Un fragment inédit des anciens registres de la Prévoté d’Orléans, Orléans, 1897, pp. 12, 20, 21, passim.

1084 Trial, vol. iii, p. 216.

1085 Journal du siège, p. 86.

1086 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 293.

1087 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 216, 217.

1088 Journal du siège, p. 86. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 293.

1089 Chronique de la fête, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 294.

1090 Journal du siège, p. 87.

1091 Letter from Charles VII to the inhabitants of Narbonne, 10 May, 1429, in Trial, vol. v, p. 103. Monstrelet, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 365.

1092 Trial, vol. iii, p. 110 (Pasquerel’s evidence).

1093 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 293, 294. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 31.

1094 Journal du siège, p. 17. Jollois, Histoire du siège, p. 12.

1095 Journal du siège, p. 87. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 294. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 294.

1096 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 9, 25, 80. Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 294. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 294. Journal du siège, pp. 87, 88. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 78. Perceval de Cagny, p. 145. Eberhard Windecke, p. 173. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 321. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 31 et seq.

1097 Trial, vol. iii, p. 110 (Pasquerel’s evidence).

1098 Journal du siège, p. 87.

1099 The number of the English who defended Les Tourelles is given in Le journal du siège as 400 or 500; in Charles VII’s letter as 600; in La relation de la fête du 8 mai as 800; in La chronique de la Pucelle as 500. It is impossible to fix exactly the number of the French, but they were more than ten times as many as the English.

The English losses, by Guillaume Girault, are said to have been 300 slain and taken; by Berry, 400 or 500 slain and taken; by Jean Chartier, about 400 slain, the rest taken; by La chronique de la Pucelle, 300 slain, 200 taken; by Le journal du siège, 400 or 500 slain besides a few taken. By Monstrelet, in the MSS., 600 or 800 slain or taken; in the printed editions, 1000; by Bower, 600 and more slain.

The losses of the French are said by Perceval de Cagny to have been 16 to 20 slain; by Eberhard Windecke, 5 slain and a few wounded; by Monstrelet, about 100. The Maid estimated that in the various engagements at Orléans in which she took part “one hundred and even more” of the French were wounded.

1100 Journal du siège, p. 88.

1101 Perceval de Cagny, p. 147. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 295.

1102 Journal du siège, p. 88. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 295. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 78.

1103 Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 294 et seq.

1104 Trial, vol. iv, p. 163.

1105 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 295.

1106 Journal du siège, p. 89. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 296. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 78, 79. Le Jouvencel, vol. i, p. 208. The passage beginning with the words, “The Sire of Rocquencourt said,” must be taken as historical.

1107 Trial, vol. iii, p. 9 (evidence of Dunois).

1108 Ibid., p. 29 (evidence of J. de Champeaux).

1109 Journal du siège, p. 89.

1110 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 296.

1111 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 296.

1112 Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 294, 295. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 296.

1113 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 296.

1114 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 71, 97, 110. Journal du siège, p. 89. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 297. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 34. Walter Bower, Scotichronicon, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 478, 479. Eberhard Windecke, p. 177.

1115 Charles VII’s letter to the people of Narbonne, in the Trial, vol. v, p. 101. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 323.

1116 Journal du siège, pp. 209 et seq.

1117 Ibid., p. 216. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 295.

1118 Trial, vol. iii, p. 110. Journal du siège, p. 92.

1119 Journal du siège, p. 91. G. Met-Gaubert, Notice sur Florent d’Illiers, Chartres, 1864, in 8vo.

1120 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 298.

1121 Journal du siège, pp. 91, 92. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 71.

1122 Charles VII’s Letter to the Inhabitants of Narbonne, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 101, 104. Arcère, Histoire de La Rochelle, vol. i, p. 271 (1756). Moynès, Inventaire des archives de l’Aude, supplement, p. 390. Procession d’actions de grâces à Brignoles (Var) en l’honneur de la délivrance d’Orléans par Jeanne d’Arc (1429). Communication made to the Congress of learned Societies at the Sorbonne (April, 1893) by F. Mireur, Draguignan, 1894, in 8vo, p. 175.

1123 Trial, vol. iii, p. 80. Journal du siège, p. 91.

1124 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 72, 76, 80.

1125 Trial, vol. iii, p. 116 (evidence of S. Charles). Eberhard Windecke, p. 177, and Chronique de Tournai, edition Smedt, pp. 407 et seq. (vol. iii of Les chroniques de Flandre).

1126 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 394, 407; vol. v, p. 413. Le P. Marcellin Fornier, Histoire des Alpes-Maritimes ou Cottiennes, vol. ii, p. 320. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, pp. 39, 52.

1127 L. Paris, Notice sur le dédale ou labyrinthe de l’église de Reims, in Ann. des Inst. provinc., 1857, vol. ix, p. 233.

1128 Bibl. Nat. Latin Collection, no. 6199, folio 36. Trial, vol. iii, pp. 395-410. Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations, pp. 365 et seq. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, pp. 31-52.

1129 Launoy, Historia Navarrici Gymasii, book iv, ch. v. J.B. Lecuy, Essai sur la vie de Jean Gerson, chancelier de l’église et de l’université de Paris, sur sa doctrine, sur ses écrits.... Paris, 1832, 2 vols. in 8vo. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 94. A.L. Masson, Jean Gerson, sa vie, son temps, ses œuvres, Lyon, 1894, 8vo.

1130 Par une cruauté miséricordieuse. Du Boulay, Historia Universitatis Parisiensis, vol. iv, p. 270.

1131 Gerson, Opera, vol. iv, pp. 668-678.

1132 Gerson, Adversus corruptionem Juventutis. A. Lafontaine, De Johanne Gersonio puerorum adulescentiumque institutore.... La Chapelle-Montligeon, 1902, in 8vo.

1133 Gallia Christiana, vol. vii, col. 142. Jean Juvénal des Ursins, year 1406.

1134 Exodus, xv, 20, 21 (W.S.).

1135 Œuvres de Gerson, ed. Ellies Dupin, Paris, 1706, in folio, vol. iv, p. 864. Trial, vol. iii, p. 298; vol. v, p. 412. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, p. 24.

1136 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 12, 72, 76, 80. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 298. Journal du siège, p. 93. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 299. Letter written by the agents of a German town, in Trial, vol. v, p. 349. Chronique de Tournai (Recueil des chroniques de Flandre, vol. iii, p. 412). Eberhard Windecke, p. 177. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 215.

1137 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, pp. 634 et seq.

1138 Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, pp. 147 et seq.

1139 Trial, vol. v, pp. 256 et seq., and taken from the Commune and Fortress Accounts in Journal du siège. A. de Villaret, loc. cit. p. 61. Couret, Un fragment inédit des anciens registres de la Prévôté d’Orléans.

1140 Morosini, vol. iii, p. 61.

1141 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 9, 10.

1142 Journal du siège, p. 93. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 300.

1143 Trial, vol. iii, p. 99.

1144 Ibid., p. 99 (evidence of the Duke of Alençon).

1145 Trial, vol. iii, p. 12. Journal du siège, p. 93. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 299.

1146 Trial, vol. iii, p. 12 (evidence of Dunois).

1147 Ibid., p. 12.

1148 Ibid., p. 116, vol. iv, p. 245.

1149 Trial, vol. iii, p. 84.

1150 Ibid., vol. i, p. 102.

1151 Ibid., pp. 290, 291. A. Forgeais, Collection de plombs historiés trouvés dans la Seine, Paris, 1869 (5 vol. in 8vo), vol. ii, iv, and passim. Vallet de Viriville, Notes sur deux médailles de plomb relatives à Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1861, in 8vo, 30 p. [Taken from La revue archéologique] N. Valois, Un nouveau témoignage sur Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 8, 13. Cf. Appendix iv.

1152 Trial, vol. v, p. 104. I read in se sperantes.

1153 Trial, vol. v, p. 104. Lanéry d’Arc, Le culte de Jeanne d’Arc au XV^e siècle, 1886, in 8vo.

1154 A. Thomas, Le siège d’Orléans, Jeanne d’Arc et les capitouls de Toulouse, in Annales du Midi, 1889, pp. 235, 236.

1155 Letter from the Lavals, in Trial, vol. v, p. 109. Bertrand de Broussillon, La maison de Laval, les Montfort-Laval, Paris, 1900, in 8vo, vol. iii, p. 75. Quicherat is mistaken when (Trial, vol. v, p. 105) he gives the name of Anne to Du Guesclin’s widow and calls the mother of Guy and of André Jeanne.

1156 Cuvelier, Poème de Duguesclin, line 2325 et seq.

1157 Bertrand de Broussillon, La maison de Laval in 8vo, 1900, vol. iii, loc. cit.

1158 Letter from Gui de Laval, in Trial, vol. v, p. 105. Lucien Jeny and P. Lanéry d’Arc, Jeanne d’Arc en Berry, Paris, s.d. in 8vo, p. 53.

1159 Fortress accounts in Trial, vol. v, p. 262.

1160 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 3, 9, 15, 18, 22, 69, 219, passim.

1161 Ibid., vol. v, under the words Confession and Communion. The Duke of Alençon says twice a week (Ibid., vol. iii, p. 100).

1162 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 14; vol. ii, pp. 420, 424.

1163 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 220, 253; vol. ii, pp. 294, 438. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 60. Analysis of a letter from Regnault de Chartres in Rogier (Trial, vol. v, pp. 168-169). Martin le Franc, Le champion des dames, in Trial, vol. v, p. 48.

1164 Trial, vol. i, pp. 61, 62, 481.

1165 P. Blavignac, La cloche, Geneva, 1877, in 8vo. L. Morillot, Étude sur l’emploi des clochettes, in Bulletin hist. archéolog. du diocèse de Dijon, 1887, in 8vo.

1166 Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 64, 153, passim.

1167 Ibid., p. 130.

1168 Ibid., p. 186.

1169 Ibid., pp. 72, 75.

1170 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 219, 220.

1171 Ibid., vol. i, p. 57.

1172 Ibid., vol. v, p. 342. Guy de Cailly’s patent of nobility cannot be regarded as authentic. Vallet de Viriville, Petit traité.... p. 92.

1173 Trial, vol. iii, p. 112.

1174 Trial, vol. iii, p. 112. Poésies de Charles d’Orléans, ed. A. Champollion-Figeac, p. 174.

1175 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 108, 109.

1176 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 78, 117, 182.

1177 Ibid., pp. 117, 300; vol. v, p. 227.

1178 Letter written from Germany, in Trial, vol. v, p. 351. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 33, 46, 62.

1179 Letter from Gui and André de Laval to the Ladies de Laval, in Trial, vol. v, p. 106. L. Jeny and Lanéry d’Arc, Jeanne D’Arc en Berry, Paris, 1892, in 8vo, p. 54.

1180 Bertrand de Broussillon, La maison de Laval, vol. iii, p. 21.

1181 Letter from Gui and André de Laval, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 106 et seq.

1182 N. Villiaumé, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 88.

1183 Recommandation in French. The esteem in which she was held. Compare Froissart cited by La Curne, Glossary, ad v. “Six bourgeois de la ville de Calais et de plus grande recommandation.” (“Six citizens of Calais and of the highest reputation.”)

1184 Letter from Gui and André de Laval, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 106, 107.

1185 Trial, vol. iii, p. 94; vol. iv, p. 12.

1186 Mistère du siège, line 15,761. Journal du siège, p. 95. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 299. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 81. Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 338.

1187 See ante, p. ²¹¹. A. Duveau, Le jugement du duc d’Alençon, in Bull. soc. archéol. du Vendômois (1874), vol. xiii, pp. 132 et seq.

1188 Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses faites par Charles VII pour secourir Orléans, p. 158.

1189 Journal du siège, p. 97.

1190 Taken from the Book of Accounts, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 262, 263. A. de Villaret, Campagnes de Jeanne d’Arc sur la Loire, pp. 77-80. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, p. 149.

1191 Trial, vol. v, p. 261.

1192 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 258.

1193 Berry, in the Trial, vol. iv, p. 45.

1194 Journal du siège, p. 96. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 299. Chronique de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 295. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 82. Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 44. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 325.

1195 Trial, vol. iii, p. 94. Perceval de Cagny, pp. 150, 151.

1196 Journal du siège, Chronique de la Pucelle, Berry, Jean Chartier, loc. cit. Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 284. Falconbridge, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 452.

1197 Perceval de Cagny, p. 148, passim. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 300.

1198 Trial, vol. iii, p. 95.

1199 The night of Friday, the 10th to 11th of June.

1200 Trial, vol. iii, p. 95.

1201 Ibid. Journal du siège, p. 97.

1202 Perceval de Cagny, p. 150.

1203 Ibid.

1204 Trial, vol. i, pp. 79, 95.

1205 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. clxviii.

1206 Journal du siège, Chronique de la Pucelle, J. Chartier, Monstrelet, loc. cit.

1207 Trial, vol. iii, p. 95.

1208 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 79-80, 234.

1209 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 97. Perceval de Cagny, pp. 150-151.

1210 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 95-96.

1211 Ibid., pp. 96, 97. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 301. Journal du siège, p. 97.

1212 Trial, vol. iii, p. 97.

1213 Journal du siège, p. 100.

1214 Trial, vol. iii, p. 97. Journal du siège, p. 98. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 301-302. Perceval de Cagny, pp. 150-151.

1215 Journal du siège, p. 99. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 302. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 82. Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 65.

1216 Fragment of a letter concerning the wonders which happened in Poitou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 122.

1217 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 340. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 70. Trial, vol. v, pp. 121-122.

1218 Trial, vol. iii, p. 72. Perceval de Cagny, p. 151. Journal du siège, p. 99. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 328. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 128, 129.

1219 Journal du siège, p. 99.

1220 Perceval de Cagny, p. 151. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 302. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 82, 83. Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 65.

1221 Accounts of the town of Orléans at the end of Le Journal du siège, ed. Charpentier and Cuissard, p. 229. Le R.P. Chapotin, La guerre de cent ans, Jeanne d’Arc et les Dominicains, Paris, 1889, 8vo, p. 82.

1222 A. de Villaret, Campagne des Anglais, proofs and illustrations, p. 51.

1223 Trial, vol. v, pp. 112-113.

1224 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 23.

1225 Ibid., vol. v, p. 306.

1226 Ibid., pp. 112, 114.

1227 Accounts of the Fortress, in Trial, vol. v, p. 259.

1228 Trial, vol. v, pp. 106, 259. Catalogue des Arch. de Joursanvault, vol. i, p. 129, nos. 603, 607, 619, 645, 772. Dambreville, Abrégé de l’histoire des ordres de chevalerie, p. 167. P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, p. 92.

1229 Trial, vol. i, p. 55, 258.

1230 Ibid., p. 254.

1231 Ibid., p. 133.

1232 Ibid., pp. 133, 254.

1233 Ibid., p. 258.

1234 Ibid., p. 55.

1235 Bibliothèque Nationale, ms. fr. 966, fol. 1.

1236 Les poésies de Charles d’Orléans, ed. Guichard, 1842, in 12mo, p. 145.

1237 A. Champollion-Figeac, Louis et Charles, ducs d’Orléans, leur influence sur les arts, la littérature et l’ésprit de leur siècle, Paris, 1844, 1 vol. in 8vo, with an atlas, pp. 300-337.

1238 Les poésies de Charles d’Orléans, ed. A. Champollion-Figeac, Paris, 1842, 8vo. Pierre Champion, Le manuscrit autographe des poésies de Charles d’Orléans, Paris, 1907, 8vo.

1239 L. Delisle, Recherches sur la librairie de Charles V (1907), vol. i, p. 140.

1240 Le Roux de Lincy, La bibliothèque de Charles d’Orléans à son château de Blois, en 1427, Paris, 1843, 8vo, pp. 5-7. Comte de Laborde, Les ducs de Bourgogne, études sur les lettres, les arts et l’industrie pendant le XV^e siècle, Paris, 1852, vol. iii, pp. 235 et seq.—Inventaires et documents relatifs aux joyaux et tapisseries des princes d’Orléans-Valois, Paris, 1894, 8vo.

1241 Chronique de la Pucelle, Introduction by Vallet de Viriville, pp. 8, 19 et seq.

1242 With regard to the year 1433, this is well established (Poésies complètes de Charles d’Orléans, ed. Charles d’Héricault, Paris, 1874, 2 vols. 8vo, introduction).

1243 Poésies de Charles d’Orléans, ed. A. Champollion-Figeac, pp. 175-176.

1244 For him every treaty of peace was a good treaty, even that of 1420, the Treaty of Troyes (Pierre Champion, Le manuscrit autographe des poésies de Charles d’Orléans, Paris, 1907, 8vo, p. 32).

1245 Perceval de Cagny, p. 152: “Je veux demain, après dîner, aller voir ceux de Meung.” [“To-morrow after dinner I will go to the people of Meung.”] The turn of expression which this chronicle attributes to Jeanne is really that of the clerk who wrote it.

1246 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 71, 97, 110. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 305. Journal du siège, p. 101. Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 44. Walter Bower, Scotichronicon, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 479. Eberhard Windecke, p. 176.

1247 Trial, vol. iii, p. 97.

1248 Ibid., pp. 97, 98.

1249 Journal du siège, p. 101. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 304. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 83.

1250 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 97, 98. Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, p. 70.

1251 E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, pp. 93 et seq.

1252 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 315, 516. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 84. Journal du siège, pp. 101, 102. Perceval de Cagny, p. 153.

1253 Trial, vol. iii, p. 98. E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, p. 168.

1254 Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, pp. 70 et seq.

1255 Trial, vol. iii, p. 98.

1256 Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, p. 71. Cf. E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, pp. 169, 583. See a drawing in the Gaignières collection reproduced by J. Lair, Essai sur la bataille de Formigny, 1903, 8vo.

1257 Lors le saluèrent et le vinrent accoller par les jambes. (Then they saluted him and embraced his knees.) J. de Bueil, Le Jouvencel, vol. i, p. 191.

1258 Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, pp. 71-72. I have here followed Gruel, who is not generally very trustworthy, but whose account in this particular seems probable, at least he is no mere hagiographer.

1259 Ibid., p. 228.

1260 Ibid., p. 72. E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, p. 170.

1261 Journal du siège, p. 97. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 301.

1262 A. de Villaret, Campagne des Anglais, pp. 87-88, and proofs and illustrations, pp. 153, 158.

1263 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 305. Journal du siège, p. 102. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 84. Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, pp. 279, 282. Monstrelet, vol. iii, pp. 325 et seq.

1264 Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, p. 72.

1265 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 279.

1266 Trial, vol. iii, p. 98.

1267 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, ed. Dupont, vol. i, p. 281. Berry, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 44. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 85. Journal du siège, pp. 102, 103. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 306. Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, p. 72. Falconbridge, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 452. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 71-73.

1268 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 331. Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, pp. 283 et seq.

1269 Chronique de la Pucelle, J. Chartier, Gruel, Morosini, Berry, Monstrelet, Wavrin, loc. cit. Lettre de Jacques de Bourbon, Comte de la Marche à Guill. de Champeaux, évêque de Laon, according to a Vienna MS. by Bougenot, in Bull. du Com. des travaux hist. et scientif. hist. et phil., 1892, pp. 56-65. (French translation by S. Luce, in La revue bleue, February 13, 1892, pp. 201-204.)

1270 Trial, vol. iii, p. 120. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 328. The clerk who wrote down Thibault de Termes’ evidence, being ill-informed, described these words as having been uttered at the Battle of Patay. At Patay, Jeanne and La Hire were not near each other.

1271 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 286.

1272 Trial, vol. iii, p. 11. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 307. It is clear that this passage from Dunois’ evidence and from La chronique de la Pucelle cannot refer to the battle of June 18th, as has been thought. “All the English divisions,” says Dunois, “united into one army. We thought they were going to offer us battle.” He is evidently referring to what happened on the 17th of June. The Duke of Alençon’s evidence confuses everything. How could the Maid have said of the English: “God sends them against us,” when they were fleeing?

1273 Those who would attribute this saying to the Maid have misunderstood Wavrin. Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 287.

1274 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 287. Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 326 et seq.

1275 Chronique de la Pucelle, Journal du siège, Gruel, J. Chartier, Berry, loc. cit.

1276 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 289. Fauché-Prunelle, Lettres tirées des archives de l’évêché de Grenoble, in Bull. acad. Delph., vol. ii, 1847, pp. 458 et seq. Letter from Charles VII to the town of Tours, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 262, 263.

1277 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 289. The herald Berry, Le livre de la description des pays, ed. Hamy.

1278 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 98, 99. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 306. Chronique normande, ch. xlviii, ed. Vallet de Viriville. Monstrelet, vol. iii, pp. 325 et seq. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 72-73. Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, pp. 289-290. These words are said to have been uttered when the English had been discovered, but then they would have been meaningless.

1279 Trial, vol. iii, p. 99 (the Duke of Alençon’s evidence).

1280 Ibid., p. 71 (evidence of Louis de Coutes). Letter from Jacques de Bourbon in La revue bleue, February 13, 1892, pp. 201-204. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 327. Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, p. 289.

1281 Trial, vol. iii, p. 71. Journal du siège, p. 140. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 307. Deux documents sur Jeanne d’Arc in La revue bleue, February 13, 1892.

1282 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 11, 71, 98. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 306 et seq. Journal du siège, pp. 103 et seq. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 85. Le Comte de Vassal, La bataille de Patay, Orléans, 1890.

1283 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 328.

1284 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 291.

1285 Ibid., pp. 291-292.

1286 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 329.

1287 Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 292. Monstrelet, vol. iii, pp. 329, 350.

1288 “In the neighbourhood of Lignerolles there have been found horse-shoes, a javelin-point, the iron pieces of carts, and bullets.” P. Mantellier, Histoire du siège, Orléans, 1867, 12mo, p. 139.

1289 Trial, vol. iii, p. 11. Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, pp. 73-74. Perceval de Cagny, pp. 154 et seq. Chronique normande, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 340. Eberhard Windecke, p. 180. Lefèvre de Saint-Rémy, vol. ii, pp. 144, 145. Falconbridge, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 452. Commentaires de Pie II, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 512. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 72-75. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 306. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 86. Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 330-333. Wavrin du Forestel, Anciennes chroniques, vol. i, p. 293. Letter from J. de Bourbon in La revue bleue, February 13, 1892. Letter from Charles VII to Tours and the people of Dauphiné, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 345, 346.

1290 Trial, vol. iii, p. 120; vol. v, p. 120.

1291 “Et habuit l’avant garde La Hire de quo ipsa Johanna fuit multum irata, quia ipsa multum affectabat habere onus de l’avant garde La Hire qui conducebat l’avant garde percussit super Anglicos,” Trial, vol. iii, p. 71 (evidence of Louis de Coutes).

1292 “Habebat magnam pietatem de tanta occisione,” Trial, vol. iii, p. 71.

1293 After an examination of the documents I have concluded that Louis de Coutes’ narrative refers to Patay.

1294 Trial, vol. iii, p. 99.

1295 Boucher de Molandon, Janville, son donjon, son château, ses souvenirs du XV^e siècle, Orléans, 1886, 8vo.

1296 Journal du siège, p. 105; Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 307, 308.

1297 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 307-308. Journal du siège, p. 105.

1298 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 222 et seq.; E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, p. 172.

1299 Trial, vol. iii, p. 116 (evidence of S. Charles). “Et audivit ipse loquens ex ore regis multa bona de ea... rex habuit pietatem de ea et de poena quam portabat.”

1300 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 76, 116.

1301 Letter from Charles VII to the people of Dauphiné, published by Fauché-Prunelle, in Bull. de l’Acad. Delphinale, vol. ii, p. 459; to the inhabitants of Tours (Archives de Tours, Registre des comptes XXIV), in Cabinet historique, I, C. p. 109; to those of Poitiers, Redet, in Les mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de l’Ouest, vol. iii, p. 406; Relation du greffier de la Rochelle in Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 459.

1302 Journal du siège, pp. 106, 108; Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 89; Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, p. 74; Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 344, 347; E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, pp. 181, 182.

1303 1431, 8th of May. A decree condemning André de Beaumont to suffer capital punishment as being guilty of high treason. (Arch. nat. J. 366.) For a complete copy of this document I am indebted to Monsieur Pierre Champion.

1304 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 30; De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, pp. 202 et seq.

1305 Dom Morice, Histoire de Bretagne, vol. ii, col. 1135-6; De Beaucourt, loc. cit., vol. ii, chap. vii.

1306 Bellier-Dumaine, L’administration du duché de Bretagne sous le règne de Jean V (1399-1442) in Les annales de Bretagne, vol. xiv-xvi (1898-99) passim, and 3rd part, Jean V and commerce, industry, agriculture, public education (vol. xvi, p. 246), and 4th part, chap. iii, Jean V and towns, rural parishes (vol. xvi, p. 495).

1307 Eberhard Windecke, p. 179.

1308 Eberhard Windecke, pp. 178, 179.

1309 Trial, vol. v, p. 264. Eberhard Windecke, pp. 68-70, 179. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 90. Dom Lobineau, Histoire de Bretagne, vol. i, p. 587. Dom Morice, Histoire de Bretagne, vol. i, pp. 508, 580.

1310 L. Delisle, Un nouveau témoignage relatif à la mission de Jeanne d’Arc in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. xlvi, pp. 649, 668. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, pp. 53, 60.

1311 Cathédrale du Puy. E.F. Corpet, Portraits des arts libéraux d’après les écrivains du moyen âge, in Annales archéologiques, 1857, vol. xvii, pp. 89, 103. Em. Male, Les Arts libéraux dans la statuaire du moyen âge, in Revue archéologique, 1891.

1312 Another name for Dauphiné (W.S.).

1313 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 411-421. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, vol. i, pp. 61-68.

1314 Le P. Ayroles, vol. iv, La vierge guerrière, pp. 240 et seq.

1315 “Sed dicta puella semper fuit opinionis quod opportebat ire Remis.” Trial, vol. iii, p. 12 (evidence of Dunois).

1316 Trial, vol. iii, p. 20. Journal du siège, pp. 93, 94.

1317 See ante, pp. ⁵³ et seq.

1318 Falconbridge, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 451. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 239. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 291. De Barante, Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne, vol. iii, p. 323.

1319 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, introduction.

1320 Those of Louis XI were of a like mind: “One should fear risking a great battle if one be not constrained to it.” Philippe de Comynes, ed. Mdlle. Dupont, vol. i, p. 146.

1321 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 12, 13. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 300. Perceval de Cagny, p. 170. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 87. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 63, note 2.

1322 Wallon, Jeanne d’Arc, 1875, vol. i, p. 213.

1323 Rymer, Fœdera, 18 June, 1429. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 132-133; vol. iv, supplement, xvii. G. Lefèvre-Pontalis, La panique anglaise en mai 1429, Paris, 1894, in 8vo.

1324 G. Lefèvre-Pontalis, La guerre des partisans dans la Haute Normandie (1424-1429), in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes since 1893.

1325 “The King had no great sums of money with which to pay his army.” Perceval de Cagny, pp. 149, 157.

1326 Ibid.

1327 Perceval de Cagny, p. 170.

1328 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 310.

1329 E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, pp. 179 et seq.

1330 Even after the coronation Regnault de Chartres would not “suffer the Maid and the Duke of Alençon to be together nor that he should recover her.” Perceval de Cagny, p. 171.

1331 Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, introduction.

1332 See ante, pp. ¹⁵³-159.

1333 Morosini, vol. iv, supplement, xvii.

1334 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 20, 300. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 322, 323. Journal du siège, pp. 93, 114. “And although the King had not money wherewith to pay his army, all knights, squires, men-at-arms, and the commonalty refused not to serve the King in this journey in company with the Maid.” Perceval de Cagny, p. 157.

1335 Le Maire, Antiquités d’Orléans, ch. xxv, p. 100.

1336 Pius II, Commentarii, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 513-514. Pierre des Gros, Jardin des nobles in P. Paris, Manuscrits français de la bibliothèque du roi, vol. ii, p. 149, and Trial, vol. iv, pp. 533, 534.

1337 William of Worcester [1415-1482, or Botoner, chronicler and traveller, secretary to Sir John Fastolf, disputed with John Paston concerning some land near Norwich, and frequently referred to in the Paston Letters. W.S.] in Trial, vol. iv, p. 475. In 1430 it was the intention of the English to take their King to Reims “for which cause all the subjects of the kingdom would be more inclined to him” (advice given by Philippe le Bon to Henry VI, as cited by H. de Lannoy, in P. Champion, G. de Flavy, p. 156). There was an English project for carrying off the holy Ampulla from Reims. Pius II, Commentarii in Trial, vol. iv, p. 513.

1338 Voyages du héraut Berry, Bibl. Nat. ms. fr. 5873, fol. 7.

1339 Jean Rogier in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 284-285.

1340 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 312. Jean Chartier, Chronique, pp. 93-94. Journal du siège, p. 108. Cagny, p. 157. Morosini, pp. 84-85. Loiseleur, Compte des dépenses, pp. 90, 91.

1341 “Gens de guerre et de commun,” says Perceval de Cagny, p. 157.

1342 Eustache Deschamps ed. Queux de Saint-Hilaire and G. Raynaud, vol. i, p. 159, passim. Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, p. 44. Letter from Nicholas de Clamanges to Gerson, LIV.

1343 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 308. Perceval de Cagny, p. 157. Journal du siège, p. 180. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 85.

1344 S.J. Morand, Histoire de la Sainte-Chapelle royale du Palais, Paris, 1790, in 4to, p. 77, and passim.

1345 Le P. J. Doublet, Histoire de l’abbaye de Saint-Denys en France, Paris, 1625, in fol., ch. 1, pp. 373 et seq. Dom Félibien, Histoire de l’abbaye royale de Saint-Denis, 1706, in fol., pp. 203, 275, 543.

1346 Journal du siège, p. 107. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 310.

1347 When the King set out in France, he had his gaiters greased; and the Queen asked him: whither will wend these damoiseaux? Quoted according to La Chronique Messine by Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 424, note 1.

1348 De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. iv, p. 88.

1349 See ante, pp. ¹⁴⁸-152.

1350 Perceval de Cagny, p. 157. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 87. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 313.

1351 Trial, vol. v, p. 125. Registre des consaux, extraits analytiques des anciens consaux de la ville de Tournay, ed. H. Vandenbroeck, vol. ii, p. 329. F. Hennebert, Une lettre de Jeanne d’Arc aux Tournaisiens in Arch. hist. et littéraires du nord de la France, 1837, vol. i, p. 525. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. iii, p. 516.

1352 Letter from Charles VII to the people of Dauphiné, published by Fauché-Prunelle, in Bulletin de l’Académie Delphinale, vol. ii, p. 459; to the inhabitants of Tours, in Le Cabinet historique, vol. i, C. p. 109; to those of Poitiers, by Redet, in Les mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de l’Ouest, vol. iii, p. 106. Relation du greffier de la Rochelle in Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 341.

1353 This is a mere form of speech. Le Tournésis has always been territory separate from the County of Flanders, the Bishops of which were the former Lords of Tournai. As early as 1187 the King of France nominally held sovereign sway there. In reality the town was divided into two factions: the rich and the merchants were for the Burgundian party, the common folk for the French (De La Grange, Troubles à Tournai, 1422-1430).

1354 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 352.

1355 Chambre du Roi.

1356 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 184-185. Chronique de Tournai, ed. Smedt (Recueil des chroniques de Flandre, vol. iii, passim); Troubles à Tournai (1422-1430) in Mémoires de la Société historique et littéraire de Tournai, vol. xvii (1882). Extraits des anciens registres des consaux, ed. Vandenbroeck, vol. ii, passim. Monstrelet, ch. lxvii, lxix. A. Longnon, Paris sous la domination anglaise, pp. 143, 144.

1357 The Town Clerk of Albi in Trial, vol. iv, p. 301.

1358 H. Vandenbroeck, Extraits analytiques des anciens registres des consaux de la ville de Tournai, vol. ii, pp. 328-330.

1359 Letter from Perceval de Boulainvilliers, in Trial, vol. v, p. 120. Fragment of a letter concerning the marvels which have occurred in Poitou, ibid., p. 122. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 74-76.

1360 Hennebert, Archives historiques et littéraires du nord de la France, 1837, vol. i, p. 520. Extraits des anciens registres des consaux, ed. Vandenbroeck, vol. ii, loc. cit.

1361 Trial, vol. v, p. 127. These letters are now lost. Jeanne alludes to them in her letter of the 17th of July, 1429. “Et à trois sepmaines que je vous avoye escript et envoie bonnes lettres par un héraut....”

1362 Dom Plancher, Histoire de Bourgogne, vol. iv, pp. lvi, lvii. E. Cosneau, Le connétable de Richemont, pp. 114 et seq.

1363 Dom Plancher, Histoire de Bourgogne, vol. iv, proofs and illustrations, p. lv.

1364 De Barante, Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne, vol. v, p. 270. Desplanques, Projet d’assassinat de Philippe le Bon par les Anglais (1424-1426), in Les mémoires couronnées par l’Académie de Bruxelles, xxxiii (1867).

1365 Journal du siège, p. 70. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 270. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 20 et seq.

1366 Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 332, 333. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 36, note 7.

1367 Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 308-309. Quenson, Notice sur Philippe le Bon, la Flandre et ses fêtes, Douai, 1840, in 8vo. De Reiffenberg, Les enfants naturels du duc Philippe le Bon, in Bulletin de l’Académie de Bruxelles, vol. xiii (1846).

1368 According to Perceval de Cagny, p. 157; the 28th of June, according to Chartier, p. 90.

1369 Trial, vol. iv, p. 286.

1370 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 90. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 309, 310. Perceval de Cagny, p. 157. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 142, 143.

1371 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 314. Journal du siège, pp. 108, 109. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 330. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 92. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 142, note 2.

1372 Trial, vol. i, pp. 54, 222.

1373 Abbé Lebeuf, Histoire ecclésiastique et civile d’Auxerre, vol. ii, p. 251; vol. iii, pp. 302, 506.

1374 Chardon, Histoire de la ville d’Auxerre, Auxerre, 1834 (2 vols. in 8vo), vol. ii, p. 258.

1375 Dom Plancher, Histoire de Bourgogne, vol. iv, p. 76. Chardon, Histoire de la ville d’Auxerre, vol. ii, pp. 257 et seq. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 383.

1376 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 90. Journal du siège, p. 108. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 313. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 436. Abbé Lebeuf, Histoire ecclésiastique d’Auxerre, vol. ii, p. 51. Chardon, Histoire de la ville d’Auxerre, vol. ii, p. 259.

1377 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 90. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 313. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 149. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 336. Gilles de Roye, in Collection des chroniques belges, pp. 206, 207. Chardon, Histoire de la ville d’Auxerre, vol. ii, p. 260.

1378 “De laquelle chose furent bien mal coutans aucuns seigneurs et cappitaines d’icellui ost et en parloient bien fort.” Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 91.

1379 In the following manner this march is described by a contemporary: “On the said day (29th of June, 1429), after much discussion, the King set out and took his way for to go straight to the city of Troye in Champaigne, and, as he passed, all the fortresses on the one hand and the other, rendered him allegiance.” Perceval de Cagny, p. 157.

1380 Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 91.

1381 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 287. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 336. Journal du siège, p. 109. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 314. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 91. Trial, vol. v, pp. 264-265.

1382 Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 91.

1383 Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes et de la Champagne méridionale, Paris, 1872 (5 vols. in 8vo), vol. ii, p. 482. For the members of this Council see the most ancient register of its deliberations by A. Roserot, in Collection des documents inédits relatifs à la ville de Troyes (1886).

1384 F. Bourquelot, Les foires de Champagne, Paris, 1865, vol. i, p. 65. Louis Batiffol, Jean Jouvenel, prévôt des marchands, Paris, 1894, in 8vo.

1385 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 292.

1386 Gallia Christiana, vol. xiii, cols. 514-516. Courtalon-Delaistre, Topographie historique du diocèse de Troyes (Troyes, 1783, 3 vols. in 8vo), vol. i, p. 384. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, pp. 477, 478. De Pange, Le pays de Jeanne d’Arc, le fief et l’arrière-fief, Paris, 1902, in 8vo, p. 33.

1387 Siméon Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. ccxxii, according to Labbe and Cossart, Sacro-Sancta-Consilia, vol. xii, col. 390.

1388 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. ccxx and proofs and illustrations, ccix, pp. 238-239. Robillard de Beaurepaire, Les états de Normandie sous la domination anglaise, Évreux, 1859, in 8vo.

1389 Labbe and Cossart, Sacro-Sancta-Consilia, vol. xii, col. 392.

1390 Labbe and Cossart, Sacro-Sancta-Consilia, vol. xii, col. 390, 399.

1391 De Pange, Le pays de Jeanne d’Arc, le fief et l’arrière-fief, p. 33.

1392 J. Rogier in Trial, vol. iv, p. 285.

1393 Th. Boutiot in Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, pp. 316 et seq.

1394 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 288. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 490. A. Assier, Une cité champenoise au xv^e siècle, Troyes, 1875, in 12mo.

1395 Trial, vol. i, pp. 99, 100. Relation du Greffier de La Rochelle, p. 338. Journal du siège, pp. 109-110. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 315.

1396 Ed. Richer says his name was Roch Richard and that he was licentiate in theology. Histoire manuscrite de la Pucelle (Bibl. Nat. fr. 10448), book 1, folios 50 et seq. Siméon Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy (chap. x, Jeanne d’Arc et frère Richard).

1397 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 235. Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, p. 104. Vallet de Viriville, Procès de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc, 1867. Introduction, Notes sur deux médailles de plomb relatives à Jeanne d’Arc, Paris, 1861, p. 22. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, p. ccxxxix.

1398 Journal du siège, p. 110. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 315.

1399 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 233. Labbe, Boutiot.

1400 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 234.

1401 Ibid., p. 235.

1402 Th. Basin, Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. iv, pp. 103, 104.

1403 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 236.

1404 A very high head-dress, fashionable in the fifteenth century (W.S.).

1405 Cornes, the high-horned head-dress (W.S.).

1406 Queues, trains (W.S.).

1407 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, pp. 234, 235.

1408 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 236.

1409 Trial, vol. i, pp. 89, 213. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 236.

1410 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, pp. 242, 243. Vallet de Viriville, Notes sur deux médailles de plomb relatives à Jeanne d’Arc, in Revue archéologique, 1861, pp. 429, 433.

1411 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 236.

1412 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 237.

1413 It is yet to be explained how the author of the diary called Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris avoided being scandalised by them, orthodox university professor as he was; on the contrary he seems to have found the views of the good father edifying. Th. Basin, Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. iv, p. 104.

1414 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 290.

1415 Trial, vol. i, p. 100, see ante, p. ⁴¹².

1416 Trial, vol. i, p. 100.

1417 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 446.

1418 Gruel, Chronique de Richemont, p. 71. Eberhard Windecke, pp. 178, 179.

1419 Trial, vol. i, p. 100.

1420 Ibid., pp. 99, 100.

1421 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 342.

1422 Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, p. 235.

1423 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 287-288.

1424 It should be Monday, 4th July.

1425 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 290.

1426 Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 493.

1427 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 288, 289.

1428 Ibid., p. 287. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 494.

1429 Trial, vol. iv, p. 289.

1430 Ibid., p. 290.

1431 In the Mystery of the siege of Orléans, the Englishman Falconbridge likewise treats Jeanne as a boaster, lines 12689-90:
‘Y nous fault prandre la coquarde,
Qui veult les François gouverner.

“We must capture that braggart who desires to govern the French.”

1432 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 289.

1433 Ibid. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 492.

1434 L. Pigeotte, Étude sur les travaux d’achèvement de la cathédrale de Troyes, p. 9. A. Babeau, Les vues d’ensemble de Troyes, Troyes, 1892, in 8vo, p. 13. A. Assier, Une cité champenoise au XV^e siècle, Paris, 1875, in 8vo.

1435 Ermine (W.S.).

1436 Comptes de l’argenterie de la reine, in Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. iii, pp. 236, 237. De Barante, Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne, vol. iii, pp. 122, 125. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 216. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, pp. 418, 419.

1437 It is impossible to take seriously those protestations of loyalty to the English, addressed to the people of Reims by the townsfolk of Troyes, when the latter were on the point of surrendering to the French King, and especially after the reply they had just sent to King Charles’s letters. See J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 289. “Which reply having been made each of them had gone up on to the walls, and assumed his guard with the intent and in the firm resolution that if any attack were made on them, they would resist to the death.”

1438 J. Chartier, vol. i, p. 92. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, pp. 391, 418, 419. A. Assier, Une cité champenoise au XV^e siècle, p. 8.

1439 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 289, 290.

1440 Journal du siège, p. 109. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 314, 315. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 91. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 497.

1441 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 92.

1442 Journal du siège, pp. 109, 110. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 315.

1443 Perceval de Cagny, p. 157. Nevertheless see also Morosini, vol. iii, p. 143, note.

1444 “And always desiring and discussing the submission of this city.” Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 91.

1445 Trial, vol. iii, p. 13. Evidence of Dunois. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 92. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 315. Chartier and the Chronique de la Pucelle put words into the mouths of Regnault de Chartres and Robert le Maçon which are very improbable.

1446 Trial, vol. iii, p. 13. Evidence of Dunois. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 317. Journal du siège, p. 110. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 94.

1447 Jean Chartier, vol. i, p. 95.

1448 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 13, 14, 117. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 96. Journal du siège, p. 111. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 78. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 225.

1449 Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 497, note. A. Assier, Une cité champenoise au XV^e siècle, Paris, 1875, in 8vo, p. 26.

1450 Trial, vol. iii, p. 117. (De Gaucourt’s evidence.)

1451 Ibid., p. 117. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 96. J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 296.

1452 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 295. Trial, pp. 13, 14, 17. Chartier, Journal du siège, Chronique de la Pucelle. Camusat, Mél. hist., part ii, fol. 214.

1453 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 342. Chronique de la Pucelle, Journal du siège, Chartier, loc. cit. Gilles de Roye in Chartier, vol. iii, p. 205.

1454 J. Rogier in Trial, vol. iv, p. 296.

1455 Gabelle, word of German origin (gabe), originally applied to all taxes, came to signify only the tax on salt. This tax was first rendered oppressive by Philippe de Valois (1328-1350) who created a monopoly of salt in favour of the crown. He obliged each family to pay a tax on a certain quantity whether they consumed it or not. The Gabelle, which led to several rebellions, was not abolished until the Revolution (1790). (W.S.) Trial, vol. iv, p. 296. Ordonnances des rois de France, vol. xiii, p. 142. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 500. A. Roserot, Le plus ancien registre des délibérations du conseil de la ville de Troyes in Coll. de Doc. inédits sur la ville de Troyes, vol. iii, p. 175.

1456 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 295, 296.

1457 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 342.

1458 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, in Revue historique, vol. iv, p. 342.

1459 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 296, 297.

1460 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 13, 117; vol. iv, pp. 296, 297. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. iii, p. 205. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, pp. 499, 500. M. Poinsignon, Histoire générale de la Champagne et de la Brie, Châlons, 1885, vol. i, pp. 352 et seq. A. Assier, Une cité champenoise au XV^e siècle, Paris, 1875, in 12mo, pp. 16, 17.

1461 Trial, vol. i, p. 102. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 319.

1462 Chartier, Journal du siège. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 319.

1463 Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 95, 96. Journal du siège, p. 112. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 319.

1464 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 296, 297.

1465 Lefèvre de Saint-Rémy, vol. ii, p. 168. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. clxxiii, clxxiv. P. Champion, Notes sur Jeanne d’Arc, I. Madame d’Or et Jeanne d’Arc in Le moyen âge, July to August, 1907, pp. 193-199.

1466 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 319. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 96. Journal du siège, p. 112. Un prince de façon, Martial d’Auvergne, Vigiles, vol. i, pp. 106, 107.

1467 Trial, vol. i, p. 102. Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 130. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 342. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 319. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 176. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, pp. 504 et seq.

1468 Trial, vol. i, p. 103.

1469 T. Babeau, Le guet et la milice bourgeoise à Troyes, pp. 4 et seq.

1470 Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 342. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 319. Journal du siège, p. 112. Th. Boutiot, Histoire de la ville de Troyes, vol. ii, p. 505. A. Roserot, Le plus ancien registre des délibérations du conseil de Troyes in Coll. des documents inédits de la ville de Troyes, vol. iii, pp. 175 et seq.

1471 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 298. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 179. Edition Barthélémy of L’histoire de la ville de Châlons-sur-Marne, proofs and illustrations no. 25, pp. 334, 335.

1472 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 290, 291. Varin, Archives législatives de la ville de Reims, Statuts, vol. 1, pp. 596 et seq. (Coll. des documents inédits sur l’histoire de France, 1845).

1473 Gallia Christiana, vol. v, col. 891-895. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 319-320. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 96. L. Barbat, Histoire de la ville de Châlons, 1855 (2 vols. in 4to), vol. i, p. 350. S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, proofs and illustrations no. 33. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 182, note 2.

1474 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 298. Letter from three noblemen of Anjou in Trial, vol. v, p. 130. Perceval de Cagny, p. 158. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 96, 97. Chronique des Cordeliers, fol. 85, v. E. de Barthélémy, Châlons pendant l’invasion anglaise, Châlons, 1851, p. 16.

1475 Trial, vol. ii, pp. 391, 392 (Jean Morel’s evidence).

1476 French compère, gossip or fellow godfather, sometimes a close friend. Cf. Chaucer, Prologue to Canterbury Tales:
“With hym ther was a gentil Pardoner
Of Rouncivale, his freend and his compeer” (W.S.).

1477 Commère, fellow godmother (W.S.).

1478 Trial, vol. ii, p. 423 (evidence of Gérardin of Épinal).

1479 “In as much as he is the prince of the greatest discretion, understanding, and valour that has long been seen in the noble house of France.” J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 296. Varin, Archives de Reims, Statuts, vol. i, p. 601. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, pp. 13 et seq.

1480 J. Rogier, loc. cit. Varin, p. 599.

1481 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 286 et seq. Varin, pp. 600 et seq.

1482 H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 18. Dom Marlot, Hist. metrop. Remensis, vol. ii, pp. 709 et seq.

1483 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 291-292.

1484 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 291.

1485 Ibid., p. 292. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, pp. 17 et seq.

1486 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 292, 293. Varin, Archives de Reims, pp. 910, 912. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 18.

1487 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 295. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, pp. 18, 19.

1488 Falconbridge, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 451. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 101, 102. Journal du siège, p. 118. Rymer, Fœdera, vol. x, p. 424. S. Bougenot, Notices et extraits des manuscrits intéressants l’histoire de France conservés à la Bibliothèque impériale de Vienne, p. 62. Raynaldi, Annales ecclesiastici, vol. ix, pp. 77, 78. Morosini, vol. iv, supplement, xvii.

1489 J. Rogier, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 295, 298.

1490 Ibid., p. 297. L. Paris, Cabinet historique, 1865, p. 77.

1491 H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 19.

1492 Perceval de Cagny, p. 159. Jean Chartier, Chronique, p. 97; Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 320. Chronique des Cordeliers, fol. 85, v^o. Journal du siège, p. 112. Bergier, Poème sur la tapisserie de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 112. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, pp. 20, 21. F. Pinon, Notice sur Sept-Saulx, in Travaux de l’académie de Reims, vol. vi, p. 328.

1493 J. Rogier, in Trial, pp. 298 et seq. Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. iv, Reims, 1846 (4 vol. in 4to), vol. iii, p. 174.

1494 H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 23.

1495 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 322, 323, note. “This ritual dates back certainly as far as the 13th century. It is preserved in the library at Reims in a MS. which appears to have been written about 1274.” Communicated by M. H. Jadart. Varin, Archives de Reims, vol. i, p. 522. Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. iii, p. 566, and vol. iv, proofs and illustrations no. 142. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 7.

1496 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 321. Perceval de Cagny, p. 159. Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 128.

1497 Pro evitando onus armatorum, Trial, vol. i, p. 91.

1498 Thirion, Les frais du sacre in Travaux de l’académie de Reims, 1894. See Varin, Archives de Reims, table of contents under the word, Sacre. Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. iii, pp. 461, 566, 640, 651, 819; vol. iv, pp. 25, 31, 45.

1499 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 322, note 1. C. Leber, Des cérémonies du sacre ou Recherches historiques et antiques sur les mœurs, les coutumes, les institutions et le droit public des Français dans l’ancienne monarchie, Paris-Reims, 1825, in 8vo. A. Lenoble, Histoire du sacre et du couronnement des rois et des reines de France, Paris, 1825, in 8vo.

1500 “Et si ipse expectasset habuisset unam coronam millesies ditiorem,” Trial, vol. i, p. 91. Varin, Archives de Reims, vol. iii, pp. 559 et seq.

1501 Journal du siège, p. 113. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 321. Varin, Archives de Reims, vol. ii, p. 569; vol. iii, p. 555.

1502 Trial, vol. v, p. 129. In 1483, when Louis XI was dying, he had it brought from Reims to Plessis, “and it was upon his sideboard at the very time of his death, and his intent was to receive the same anointing he had received at his coronation, wherefore many believed that he wished to anoint his whole body, which would have been impossible, for the said Ampulla is very small and contains little. I see it at this moment.” Commynes, bk. vi, ch. 9.

1503 Flodoard, Hist. ecclesiae Remensis, in Coll. Guizot, vol. v, pp. 41 et seq. Eustache Deschamps, Ballade 172, vol. i, p. 305; vol. ii, p. 104. Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. ii, p. 48, note 1. Vertot, in Académie des Inscriptions, vol. ii.

1504 Froissart, book ii, ch. lxxiv.

1505 Letters from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 127, 129. Monstrelet, vol. iv, ch. lxiv. Perceval de Cagny, p. 159. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 343. Chronique de Tournai (vol. iii of the Recueil des chroniques de Flandre), p. 414. Gallia Christiana, vol. ix, col. 551; vol. xi, col. 698.

1506 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 322, note 1.

1507 Perceval de Cagny, p. 159. Journal du siège, p. 114. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 322. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 97.

1508 Chifletius, De ampula Remensi nova et acurata disquisitio, Antwerp, 1651, in 4to.

1509 The first book of Kings according to the Vulgate (W.S.).

1510 Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 129. F. Boyer, Variante inédite d’un document sur le sacre de Charles VII, Clermont and Orléans, 1881.

1511 Trial, vol. i, pp. 104, 300. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 322. Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 129. Varin, D. Marlot, H. Jadart, loc. cit.

1512 Trial, vol. i, p. 91.

1513 See post, vol. i, p. ⁴⁷⁶.

1514 Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 129.

1515 Morosini, vol. iii, p. 181. Letter from three noblemen, loc. cit.

1516 Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 322, 323. Journal du siège, p. 114.

1517 Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. iv, p. 175. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 107.

1518 Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 322. Journal du siège, p. 114. Perceval de Cagny, p. 159. Letter of three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 129. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 97. Vallet de Viriville, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 99, note 2.

1519 Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 339. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 32.

1520 Thirion, Les frais du sacre, in Travaux de l’Académie de Reims, 1894. Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. iv, p. 45, n. 1. Varin, Arch. adm. de la ville de Reims, vol. iii, p. 39.

1521 Trial, vol. iii, p. 198; vol. v, pp. 141, 266. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, pp. 47, 48. L’abbé Cerf, Le vieux Reims, 1875, pp. 35 and 110.

1522 Trial, vol. ii, p. 445.

1523 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 198.

1524 S. Luce, Jeanne d’Arc à Domremy, pp. 1 et seq.; proofs and illustrations no. li, pp. 97, 100; supplement, pp. 359, 362. Boucher de Molandon, Jacques d’Arc, père de la Pucelle, sa notabilité personnelle, Orléans, 1885, in 8vo.

1525 Trial, vol. v, pp. 137, 139. In the royal records this privilege is described as having been granted at Jeanne’s request; in such a request we cannot fail to discern the influence of her father.

1526 Ibid., pp. 141, 266, 267.

1527 Ibid., p. 103.

1528 Du Cange, Glossarium, under the words Auriacum, electrum, and leto. Vallet de Viriville, Les anneaux de Jeanne d’Arc, in Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de France, vol. xxx, January, 1867.

1529 Trial, vol. i, pp. 185, 238. Walter Bower, ibid., vol. iv, p. 480.

1530 Sanctissimæ virginis Coletæ vita, Paris, in 8vo, black letter, undated, leaf 8 on the reverse side. Bollandistes, Acta sanctorum, March, vol. i, p. 611.

1531 Trial, vol. i, pp. 86, 87.

1532 Ibid., p. 104. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 37.

1533 “These figures (Goliath and David) must have been sculptured at the end of the 13th century.” (L. Demaison, Notice historique sur la cathédrale de Reims, s.d. in 4to, p. 44.) The date of the rose window is 1280 (H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 44).

1534 According to the Vulgate. First book of Samuel according to the Authorized Version (W.S.).

1535 1 Samuel xvii. Where the author quotes direct from the Vulgate the translator has followed the Douai version (W.S.).

1536 See the coronation of David and that of Louis XII by an unknown painter, about 1498, in the Cluny Museum. H. Bouchot, L’exposition des primitifs français. La peinture en France sous les Valois, book ii, figure C.

1537 Trial, vol. v, pp. 126-127. Hennebert, Une lettre de Jeanne d’Arc aux Tournaisiens in Arch. hist. et litt. du nord de la France et du midi de la Belgique, nouv. série, vol. i, 1837, p. 525. Facsimile in l’Album des archives départementales, no. 123.

1538 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 82, 83. Eberhard Windecke, p. 61, note 9, p. 108. Christine de Pisan, in Trial, vol. v, p. 416. Jorga, Notes et extraits pour servir à l’histoire des croisades au XV^e siècle, Paris, 1889-1902. 3 vols. in 8vo.

1539 Mémoires du Pape Pie II, in Trial, vol. iv, pp. 514, 515. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 190.

1540 Trial, vol. iv, pp. 514, 515. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 340. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, p. 37. Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 130. Third account of Jean Abonnel in De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 404, no. 3.

1541 Letter from three noblemen of Anjou, in Trial, vol. v, p. 130.

1542 The 20th or 21st. Monstrelet, vol. iv, pp. 348 et seq. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. II, pp. 404 et seq.

1543 Falconbridge, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 455. Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, pp. 240, 241. Stevenson, Letters and papers, vol. ii, pp. 101 et seq. Rymer, Fœdera, vol. iv, part iv, p. 150.

1544 Archives de Reims, Municipal Accounts, vol. i, years 1428-29. Trial, vol. v, p. 141. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 339. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, p. 51.

1545 Trial, vol. iii, p. 199. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 323. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 97. Journal du siège, p. 114. Martial d’Auvergne, Vigiles, vol. i, p. 111.

1546 Gallia Christ: ix, pp, 239, 51. Le Poulle, Notice sur Corbeny, son prieuré, et le pèlerinage de Saint-Marcoul, Soissons, 1883, 8vo. E. de Barthélèmy, Notice historique sur le pèlerinage de Saint-Marcoul et Corbeny, in Ann. Soc. Acad. de Saint-Quentin, 1878.

1547 A. Du Laurent, De mirabili strumas sanandi vi solis regibus Galliarum christianissimis divinitus concessa liber, Paris, 1607, 8vo. Cerf, Du toucher des écrouelles par le roi de France, in Trav. Acad. de Reims, 1865-1867. Dom Marlot, Histoire de la ville de Reims, vol. iii, pp. 196 et seq.

1548 Perceval de Cagny, p. 160. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 323, 324. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 98. Journal du siège, p. 115. Chronique des Cordeliers, fol. 486 r^o. Morosini, iii, p. 182, note 3.

1549 Bréhal, in Trial, vol. iii, p. 345.

1550 Journal du siège, pp. 16, 88. Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 296. Lottin, Récits historiques sur Orléans, vol. i, p. 279.

1551 Trial, vol. iv, pp. 282, 283.

1552 Tidings of the Deliverance of Orléans sent from Bruges to Venice the 10th of May (Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 23, 24).

1553 Trial, vol. v, pp. 123, 139, 145, 147, 156, 159, 161.

1554 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 60, 61.

1555 Saint Vincent Ferrier; and Saint Bernardino of Siena.

1556 See ante, p. ⁶⁴.

1557 Trial, vol. iii, p. 88.

1558 Eberhard Windecke, pp. 52-53. See ante, p. ¹⁸⁴.

1559 L. Delisle, Un nouveau témoignage relatif à la mission de Jeanne d’Arc, in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. xlvi, p. 649. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, pp. 57, 58.

1560 Letter written by the agents of a town or of a prince of Germany, in Trial, vol. v, p. 351.

1561 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 38, 46, 61.

1562 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 64, 65.

1563 Ibid., pp. 144 et seq.

1564 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 150, 153.

1565 Ibid., pp. 166, 167.

1566 Fragment of a letter on the marvels in Poitou, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 121, 122. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, op. cit., p. 343.

1567 Morosini, vol. iii, p. 78, note 1. Eberhard Windecke, passim. Fauché-Prunelle, Lettres tirées des archives de Grenoble in Bull. Acad. delph., vol. ii, 1847, 1849, pp. 459, 460. Letter written by deputies, agents of a German town, in Trial, vol. v, p. 347. Letter from Jean Desch, Secretary of the town of Metz, ibid., pp. 352, 355.

1568 Letters from Perceval de Boulainvilliers to the Duke of Milan, in Trial, vol. v, pp. 114, 116.

1569 Anonymous poem on the coming of the Maid and the Deliverance of Orléans, Trial, vol. v, p. 27, line 70 et seq.

1570 “In nocte Epiphaniarum,” says the letter from Perceval de Boulainvilliers (Trial, vol. v, p. 116), that is, Jan. 6. For centuries, even after the fourth century, the birth of our Lord was celebrated on that day. In France it was the Feast of Kings and then was sung the anthem: Magi videntes stellam.

1571 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 116, 192. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273. Journal du siège, p. 47. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 67. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, pp. 336, 337. Martial d’Auvergne, Vigiles, vol. i, p. 96.

1572 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 103, 116, 209, passim. Journal du siège, p. 48. Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, p. 68. Mirouer des femmes vertueuses, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 271. Pierre Sala, ibid., p. 280. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 104. Eberhard Windecke, p. 153.

1573 Journal du siège, p. 294. Chronique de l’établissement de la fête, in Trial, vol. v, p. 294.

1574 AA. SS., April 3rd. Didron, Iconographie chrétienne, pp. 438, 439. Alba Mignati, Sainte Catherine de Sienne, p. 16.

1575 Eberhard Windecke, p. 103.

1576 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 116, 117.

1577 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 55, 84 et seq., 133, 174, 232, 251, 252, 254, 331; vol. iii, pp. 99, 205, 254, 257, passim. Journal du siège, pp. 34, 44, 45, 48. Chronique de la Pucelle, pp. 212, 295. Perceval de Cagny, p. 141. Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 320. Lefèvre de Saint-Rémy, vol. ii, p. 143. The Clerk of the Chamber of Accounts of Brabant, in Trial, vol. iv, p. 426. Chronique de Tournai (vol. iii, du recueil des chroniques de Flandre), p. 411. Morosini, vol. iii, p. 121.

1578 Morosini, vol. iii, p. 57.

1579 Brother Pasquerel’s evidence, in Trial, vol. iii, p. 102.

1580 Anonymous poem on the Maid, in Trial, vol. v, p. 38, lines 105 et seq.

1581 Evidence of J. Luillier and Brother Pasquerel, in Trial, vol. iii, pp. 25, 108.

1582 The Golden Legend. Life of Saint Ambrose.

1583 Abbé J. Th. Bizouard, Histoire de sainte Colette et des clarisses en Franche-Comté, d’après des documents inédits et des traditions locales, Paris, 1888, in 8vo.

1584 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 148, 156. Eberhard Windecke, pp. 103, 105, 187. Noël Valois, Un nouveau témoignage sur Jeanne d’Arc, p. 17.

1585 Lanéry d’Arc, Mémoires et consultations, pp. 220, 222. Théodore de Leliis, in Trial, vol. ii, pp. 39, 42. Le P. Ayroles, La Pucelle devant l’Église de son temps, p. 342. Abbé Hyacinthe Chassagnon, Les voix de Jeanne d’Arc, Lyon 1896, in 8vo, pp. 312, 313.

1586 Eberhard Windecke, pp. 138 et seq. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 62-63.

1587 The monastery of the Premonstratensians, near Laon, was founded in 1122, by St. Norbert (W.S.).

1588 Trial, vol. iii, pp. 422 et seq., 433, 434, 465; vol. v, pp. 475, 476.

1589 Journal du siège, p. 44. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 272.

1590 Eberhard Windecke, p. 117.

1591 Ibid., p. 97.

1592 Trial, vol. i, p. 146.

1593 Eberhard Windecke, p. 97.

1594 Trial, vol. i, pp. 76, 234. Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 277. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, pp. 69, 70. Journal du siège, pp. 49, 50. Relation du greffier de La Rochelle, pp. 337, 338. Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 108, 109. Abbé Bourassé, Les miracles de Madame Sainte Katerine, Introduction.

1595 Morosini, vol. iii, pp. 160, 163.

1596 Trial, vol. i, p. 91.

1597 Dom Marlot, Histoire de l’Église de Reims, vol. iv, p. 175. H. Jadart, Jeanne d’Arc à Reims, appendix xvii.

1598 Trial, vol. i, p. 104.

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