The Coronado Expedition 1540–1542, by George Parker Winship, excerpted from the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1892–1893, Part 1.
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THE CORONADO EXPEDITION, 1540–1542
BY
GEORGE PARKER WINSHIP
p331 CONTENTS … 339 Introductory note … 341 Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527–1547 … 345 Historical introduction … 345 The causes of the Coronado expedition, 1528–1539 … 345 Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca … 350 The governors of New Spain, 1530–1537 … 353 The reconnoissance of Friar Marcos de Niza … 362 The effect of Friar Marcos’ report … 373 The expedition to New Mexico and the great plains … 373 The organization of the expedition … 382 The departure of the expedition … 385 The expedition by sea under Alarcon … 386 The journey from Culiacan to Cibola … 388 The capture of the Seven Cities … 389 The exploration of the country … 389 The Spaniards at Zuñi … 390 The discovery of Tusayan and the Grand canyon … 390 The Rio Grande and the great plains … 391 The march of the army from Culiacan to Tiguex … 392 The winter of 1540–1541 along the Rio Grande … 392 The Indian revolt … 393 The stories about Quivira … 395 The journey across the buffalo plains … 399 The winter of 1541–1542 … 400 The friars remain in the country … 401 The return to New Spain … 402 The end of Coronado … 403 Some results of the expedition … 403 The discovery of Colorado river … 403 The voyage of Alarcon … 406 The journey of Melchior Diaz … 408 The Indian uprising in New Spain, 1540–1542 … 411 Further attempts at discovery … 411 The voyage of Cabrillo … 412 Villalobos sails across the Pacific … 413 The narrative of Castañeda … 413 Bibliographic note … 414 The Spanish text … 414 Proemio … 416 Primera parte … 416 Capitulo primero donde se trata como se supo la primera poblacion de las siete çiudades y como Nuño de guzman hiçoa rmada para descubrirlla … 417 Capitulo segundo como bino a ser gouernador françisco uasques coronado y la segundo relaçion que dio cabeça de uaca … 418 Capitulo terçero como mataron los de cibola a el negro esteuan y fray marcos bolbio huyendo … 419 Capitulo quarto como el buen don Antonio de mendoça hiço jornada para el descubrimiento de Cibola … 420 Capitulo quinto que trata quienes fueron por capitanes a cibola … 421 Capitulo sexto como se juntaron en conpostela todas las capitanias y salieron en orden para la jornada … 422 Capitulo septimo como el campo llego a chiametla y mataron a el maestre de canpo y lo que mas acaeçio hasta llegar a culiacan … 423 Capitulo otauo como el campo entro en la uilla de culiacan y el recebimiento que se hiço y lo que mas acaeçio hasta la partida … 424 Capitulo nueve como el canpo salio de culiacan y llego el general a çibola y el campo a señora y lo que mas acaeçio … 425 Capitulo deçimo como el campo salio de la uilla de senora quedando la uilla poblada y como llego a çibola y lo que le a uino en el camino a el capitan melchior dias yendo en demanda de los nabios y como descubrio el rio del tison … 428 Capitulo onçe como don pedro de touar descubrio a tusayan o tutahaco y don garci lopes de cardenas bio el rio del tison y lo que mas acaecion … 430 Capitulo doçe como binieron a çibola gentes de cicuye a ber los christianos y como fue herdo de aluarado a ber las uacas … 432 Capitulo trece como el general llego con poca gente la uia de tutahaco y dexo campo a don tristan que lo llebo a tiguex … 432 Capitulo catorce como el campo salio de sibola para tiguex y lo que les acaeçio en el camino con niebe … 433 Capitulo quinçe como se alço tiguex y el castigo que en ellos ubo sin que lo ubiese en el causador … 435 Capitulo desiseis como se puso çerco a tiguex y se gano y lo que mas acontencio mediante el cerco … 438 Capitulo desisiete como binieron a el campo mensajeros del ualle de señora y como murio el capitan melchior dias en la jornada de tizon … 439 Capitulo desiocho como el general procure dexar asentada la tierra para ir en demanda de quisuira donde deçia el turco auia el prinçipio de la riqueça … 440 Capitulo desinueve como salieron en demanda de quiuira y lo que acontecio en el camino … 442 Capitulo ueinte como cayeron grandes piedras en el campo y como se descubrio otra barranca donde se dibidio el campo en dos partes … 443 Capitulo ueinte y uno como el campo bolbio a tiguex y el general llego a quiuira … 445 Capitulo ueinte y dos como el general bolbio de quiuira y se hiçieron otras entradas debajo del norte … 446 Segunda parte en que se trata de los pueblos y prouincias de altos y de sus ritos y costumbres recopilada por pedro de castañeda ueçino de la çiudad de Naxara … 447 Capitulo primero de la prouincia de Culiacan y de sus ritos y costumbres … 448 Capitulo segundo de la prouincia de petlatlan y todo lo poblado hasta chichilticale … 450 Capitulo tercero de lo ques chichilticale y el despoblado de çibola sus costumbres y ritos y de otras cosas … 451 Capitulo quarto como se tratan los de tiguex y de la prouincia de tiguex y sus comarcas … 452 Capitulo quinto de cicuye y los pueblos de su contorno y de como unas gentes binieron a conquistar aquella tierra … 454 Capitulo sexto en que se declara quantos fueron los pueblos que se uieron en los poblados de terrados y lo poblado de ello … 455 Capitulo septimo que trata de los llanos que se atrabesaron de bacas y de las gentes que los habitan … 456 Capitulo ocho de quiuira y en que rumbo esta y la notiçia que dan … 458 Tercera parte como y en que se trata aquello que aconteçio a francisco uasques coronado estando inbernando y como dexo la jornada y se bolbio a la nueba españa … 458 Capitulo primero como bino de Señora don pedro de touar con gente y se partio para la nueba españa don garci lopes de cardenas … 459 Capitulo segundo como cayo el general y se hordeno la buelta para la nueba españa … 460 Capitulo terçero como se alço Suya y las causas que para ello dieron los pobladores … 461 Capitulo quarto como se quedo fray juan de padilla y fray luis en la tierra y el campo se aperçibio la buelta de mexico … 462 Capitulo quinto como el canpo salio del poblado y camino a culiacan y lo que aconteçio en el camino … 463 Capitulo sexto como el general salio de culiacan para dar quenta a el uisorey del campo que le encargo … 464 Capitulo septimo de las cosas que le aconteçieron al capitan Juan gallego por la tierra alçada lleuando el socorro … 466 Capitulo otauo en que se quentan algunas cosas admirables que se bieron en los llanos con la façion de los toros … 468 Capitulo nono que trata el rumbo que llebo el campo y como se podria yr a buscar otra uia que mas derecha fuese abiendo de boluer aquella tierra … 470 Translation of the narrative of Castañeda … 470 Preface … 472 First Part … 472 Chapter 1, which treats of the way we first came to know about the Seven Cities, and of how Nuño de Guzman made an expedition to discover them … 474 Chapter 2, of how Francisco Vazquez Coronado came to be governor, and the second account which Cabeza de Vaca gave … 475 Chapter 3, of how they killed the negro Stephen at Cibola, and Friar Marcos returned in flight … 476 Chapter 4, of how the noble Don Antonio de Mendoza made an expedition to discover Cibola … 477 Chapter 5, concerning the captains who went to Cibola … 478 Chapter 6, of how all the companies collected in Compostela and set off on the journey in good order … 479 Chapter 7, of how the army reached Chiametla, and the killing of the army-master, and the other things that happened up to the arrival at Culiacan … 481 Chapter 8, of how the army entered the town of Culiacan and the reception it received, and other things which happened before the departure … 482 Chapter 9, of how the army started from Culiacan and the arrival of the general at Cibola and of the army at Señora and of other things that happened … 484 Chapter 10, of how the army started from the town of Señora, leaving it inhabited, and how it reached Cibola, and of what happened to Captain Melchior Diaz on his expedition in search of the ships and how he discovered the Tison (Firebrand) river … 487 Chapter 11, of how Don Pedro de Tovar discovered Tusayan or Tutahaco and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas saw the Firebrand river and the other things that had happened … 490 Chapter 12, of how people came from Cicuye to Cibola to see the Christians, and how Hernando de Alvarado went to see the cows … 492 Chapter 13, of how the general went toward Tutahaco with a few men and left the army with Don Tristan, who took it to Tiguex … 493 Chapter 14, of how the army went from Cibola to Tiguex and what happened to them on the way, on account of the snow … 494 Chapter 15, of why Tiguex revolted, and how they were punished, without being to blame for it … 497 Chapter 16, of how they besieged Tiguex and took it, and of what happened during the siege … 501 Chapter 17, of how messengers reached the army from the valley of Señora, and how Captain Melchior Diaz died on the expedition to the Firebrand river … 502 Chapter 18, of how the general managed to leave the country in peace so as to go in search of Quivira, where the Turk said there was the most wealth … 504 Chapter 19, of how they started in search of Quivira and of what happened on the way … 506 Chapter 20, of how great stones fell in the camp, and how they discovered another ravine, where the army was divided into two parts … 508 Chapter 21, of how the army returned to Tiguex and the general reached Quivira … 510 Chapter 22, of how the general returned from Quivira and of other expeditions toward the north … 512 Second Part, which treats of the high villages and provinces and of their habits and customs, as collected by Pedro de Castañeda, native of the city of Najara … 513 Chapter 1, of the province of Culiacan and of its habits and customs … 514 Chapter 2, of the province of Petlatlan and all the inhabited country as far as Chichilticalli … 516 Chapter 3, of Chichilticalli and the desert, of Cibola, its customs and habits, and of other things … 519 Chapter 4, of how they live at Tiguex, and of the province of Tiguex and its neighborhood … 523 Chapter 5, of Cicuye and the villages in its neighborhood, and of how some people came to conquer this country … 524 Chapter 6, which gives the number of villages which were seen in the country of the terraced houses, and their population … 526 Chapter 7, which treats of the plains that were crossed, of the cows, and of the people who inhabit them … 528 Chapter 8, of Quivira, of where it is and some information about it … 530 Third Part, which describes what happened to Francisco Vazquez Coronado during the winter, and how he gave up the expedition and returned to New Spain … 530 Chapter 1, of how Don Pedro de Tovar came from Señora with some men, and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas started back to New Spain … 531 Chapter 2, of the general’s fall and of how the return to New Spain was ordered … 533 Chapter 3, of the rebellion at Suya and the reasons the settlers gave for it … 534 Chapter 4, of how Friar Juan de Padilla and Friar Luis remained in the country and the army prepared to return to Mexico … 537 Chapter 5, of how the army left the settlements and marched to Culiacan, and of what happened on the way … 538 Chapter 6, of how the general started from Culiacan to give the viceroy an account of the army with which he had been intrusted … 540 Chapter 7, of the adventures of Captain Juan Gallego while he was bringing reenforcements through the revolted country … 541 Chapter 8, which describes some remarkable things that were seen on the plains, with a description of the bulls … 544 Chapter 9, which treats of the direction which the army took, and of how another more direct way might be found if anyone was going to return to that country … 547 Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540 … 552 Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540 … 564 Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas … 566 Relación postrera de Sívola … 566 Spanish text … 568 Translation … 572 Translation of the Relacion del Suceso … 580 Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541 … 584 Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo … 594 Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado … 596 Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado … 599 A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition
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