VII — List of the Prominent Geysers — The Yellowstone National Park by Hiram Martin Chittenden

VII List of the Prominent Geysers

The numbers in the third column are the highest recorded eruptions. The numbers in the fourth and fifth columns are not to be taken as indicating the correct duration or periodicity of eruptions. The prevalent notion that geysers exhibit uniform periodicity of action, is erroneous. There is only one geyser of importance in the Park that can be depended on, and that is Old Faithful. The figures for the other geysers are merely rough averages, true, perhaps, as the mean of a year’s observations, but not at all to be relied upon in predicting particular eruptions.

The following abbreviations are used: “M. H. S.,” for Mammoth Hot Springs; “N. G. B.,” “L. G. B.,” “M. G. B.,” “U. G. B.,” “S. G. B.,” and “H. G. B.,” for the Norris, Lower, Middle, Upper, Shoshone, and Hart Lake, Geyser Basins respectively; “E. S. Y.” and “W. S. Y.” for the East and West Shores respectively of the Yellowstone Lake; “s.” for second; “m.” for minute; “h.” for hour; and “d.” for day.

Name.	Location.	Eruptions.			Authors of Names. Remarks.
Name.	Location.	Height.	Duration	Interval	Authors of Names. Remarks.
Arsenic	N. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Artemesia	U. G. B.	150 ft.	10 m.	2 d.	U. S. G. S.
Atomizer	U. G. B.	20 ft.	10 m.	—	Unknown.
Bead	L. G. B.	—	—	—	Has a “beautifully beaded tube.”—Comstock.
Bee Hive	U. G. B.	220 ft.	8 m.	20 h.	Washburn Party.
Bijou	U. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Bulger	U. G. B.	5 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Castle	U. G. B.	100 ft.	25 m.	24 h.	Washburn Party. “From a distance it strongly resembles an old feudal castle partially in ruins.”—Doane.
Catfish	L. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Chinaman	U. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S. Really a quiescent spring. Sometimes called a geyser from the circumstance that a Chinaman who had used it for a wash-tub caused an eruption by the soap put in the spring, thus initiating the practice of “soaping geysers.”
Clepsydra	L. G. B.	50 ft.	10 s.	3 m.	“Like the ancient water-clock of that name, it marks the passage of time by the discharge of water.”—Comstock (1873).
Comet	U. G. B.	60 ft.	1 m.	—	U. S. G. S.
Congress	N. G. B.	—	—	—	Came into existence in the winter of 1893. Like the memorable 53d Congress, for which it is named, its performance is sadly incommensurate with its promises.
Constant	N. G. B.	40 ft.	10 s.	1 m.	Norris.
Cubs	U. G. B.	—	—	—	See “Lion.”
Deluge	H. G. B.	15 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Echinus	N. G. B.	20 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Economic	U. G. B.	—	—	—	No water lost in eruption; all falls back into crater.
Excelsior	M. G. B.	300 ft.	—	1 to 4	“A geyser so immeasurably excelling any other ancient or modern known to history that I find but one name fitting, and herein christen it the Excelsior.”—Norris. The Sheridan parties in 1881 and 1882 called it the Sheridan Geyser.
Fan	U. G. B.	60 ft.	10 m.	8 h.	Washburn Party.
Fearless	N. G. B.	—	—	—	Norris.
Fissure	N. G. B.	100 ft.	20 m.	2 h.	U. S. G. S.
Fitful	L. G. B.	3 ft.	—	—	Comstock.
Fountain	L. G. B.	60 ft.	15 m.	4 h.	U. S. G. S.
Giant	U. G. B.	200 ft.	90 m.	6 d.	Washburn Party.
Giantess	U. G. B.	250 ft.	12 h.	14 d.	Washburn Party.
Grand	U. G. B.	200 ft.	20 m.	20 h.	U. S. G. S.
Gray Bulger	L. G. B.	1 ft.	30 s.	1 m.	U. S. G. S.
Great Fountain	L. G. B.	100 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.—Called Architectural Fountain in 1871.
Grotto	U. G. B.	40 ft.	30 m.	4 h.	Washburn Party.
Jet	L. G. B.	15 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Jewell	U. G. B.	50 ft.	1 m.	50 m.	U. S. G. S.
Lion	U. G. B.	60 ft.	8 m.	24 h.	With Lioness and Cubs, called “The Chimneys” by Barlow in 1871; renamed “Trinity” Geysers by Comstock in 1873; most isolated cone called “Niobe” by U. S. G. S. in 1878; present name given by Norris in 1881.
Lioness	U. G. B.	80 ft.	10 m.	24 h.	See “Lion.”
Lone Star	M: 5.	60 ft.	10 m.	40 m.	Unknown. First called “The Solitary” by the U. S. G. S. in 1872.
Minute	N. G. B.	40 ft.	20 s.	90 s.	Norris.
Model	U. G. B.	—	—	—	Geyser on a small scale.
Monarch	N. G. B.	125 ft.	20 m.	12 h.	Norris.
Mortar	N. G. B.	60 ft.	6 m.	8 h.	“Resembles in its eruption the particular piece of ordnance from which it derives its name.” Haynes Guide Book.
Mud Geyser	N. G. B.	10 ft.	5 m.	20 m.	Norris.
Mud Geyser	I: 9	30 ft.	20 m.	3 h.	Washburn Party.
Oblong	U. G. B.	40 ft.	4 m.	8 h.	U. S. G. S.
Old Faithful	U. G. B.	150 ft.	4¹/₂ m.	65 m.	Washburn Party.
Pearl	N. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Pebble	N. G. B.	50 ft.	—	75 m.	U. S. G. S.
Pink Cone	L. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Restless	U. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Riverside	U. G. B.	80 ft.	15 m.	8 h.	U. S. G. S.
Rosette	L. G. B.	30 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Rustic	H. G. B.	47 ft.	4 m.	15 m.	U. S. G. S.
Sawmill	U. G. B.	35 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Sentinel	U. G. B.	20 ft.	—	—	Barlow.
Shield	S. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Spasmodic	U. G. B.	5 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Spike	H. G. B.	—	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Splendid	U. G. B.	200 ft.	10 m.	3 h.	Norris.
Sponge	U. G. B.	—	—	—	From appearance of its crater.
Steady	L. G. B.	30 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Surprise	U. G. B.	100 ft.	2 m.	—
Turban	U. G. B.	20 ft.	25 m.	—	U. S. G. S. “From the fancied appearance of some of the large globular masses in its basin to a Turkish head-dress.”—Peale.
Union (1)	S. G. B.	114 ft.	60 m.	5 h.	U. S. G. S. in 1872. So named “because of its combination of the various forms of geyseric action.”—Peale. No. 1 is North Cone; No. 2 Middle Cone; and No. 3 South Cone.
Vixen	N. G. B.	—	—	—	Norris.
White Dome	L. G. B.	12 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.
Young Faithful	U. G. B.	20 ft.	—	—	Earl of Dunraven.
Young Hopeful	L. G. B.	20 ft.	—	—	U. S. G. S.

APPENDIX B.

LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS NOW IN FORCE AFFECTING THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

THE ACT OF DEDICATION.

An Act to set apart a certain tract of land lying near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River as a public park.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the tract of land in the Territories of Montana and Wyoming lying near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River, and described as follows, to wit: commencing at the junction of Gardiner’s River with the Yellowstone River and running east of the meridian, passing ten miles to the eastward of the most eastern point of Yellowstone Lake; thence south along the said meridian to the parallel of latitude, passing ten miles south of the most southern point of Yellowstone Lake; thence west along said parallel to the meridian, passing fifteen miles west of the most western point of Madison Lake; thence north along said meridian to the latitude of the junction of the Yellowstone and Gardiner’s Rivers; thence east to the place of beginning, is hereby reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or sale under the laws of the United States, and dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people; and all persons who shall locate, or settle upon, or occupy the same or any part thereof, except as hereinafter provided, shall be considered trespassers and removed therefrom.

Sec. 2. That said public park shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of the Interior, whose duty it shall be as soon as practicable, to make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations shall provide for the preservation from injury or spoliation of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition.

The Secretary may, in his discretion, grant leases for building purposes, for terms not exceeding ten years, of small parcels of ground, at such places in said park as shall require the erection of buildings for the accommodation of visitors; all of the proceeds of said leases, and all other revenues that may be derived from any source connected with said park, to be expended under his direction in the management of the same and the construction of roads and bridle-paths therein. He shall provide against the wanton destruction of the fish and game found within said park and against their capture or destruction for the purposes of merchandise or profit. He shall also cause all persons trespassing upon the same after the passage of this act to be removed therefrom, and generally shall be authorized to take all such measures as shall be necessary or proper to fully carry out the objects and purposes of this act.

Approved March 1, 1872.

Signed by:

James G. Blaine, Speaker of the House.

Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President of the United States and President of the Senate.

Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States.

MILITARY ASSISTANCE AUTHORIZED FOR PROTECTING THE PARK

SUNDRY CIVIL BILL FOR 1883.

… The Secretary of War, upon the request of the Secretary of the Interior, is hereby authorized and directed to make the necessary details of troops to prevent trespassers or intruders from entering the park for the purpose of destroying the game or objects of curiosity therein, or for any other purpose prohibited by law, and to remove such persons from the park if found therein….

Approved, March 3, 1883.

ADMISSION OF THE STATE OF WYOMING.

Sec. 2. … Provided, That nothing in this act contained shall repeal or affect any act of Congress relating to the Yellowstone National Park, or the reservation of the park as now defined, or as may be hereafter defined or extended, or the power of the United States over it; and nothing contained in this act shall interfere with the right and ownership of the United States in said park and reservation as it now is or may hereafter be defined or extended by law: but exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, shall be exercised by the United States, which shall have exclusive control and jurisdiction over the same; but nothing in this proviso contained shall be construed to prevent the service within said park of civil and criminal process lawfully issued by the authority of said state; and the said state shall not be entitled to select indemnity school lands for the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections that may be in said park reservation, as the same is now defined or may be hereafter defined….

Approved, July 10, 1890.

THE NATIONAL PARK PROTECTIVE ACT.

An Act to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park, and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Yellowstone National Park, as its boundaries now are defined, or as they may be hereafter defined or extended, shall be under the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States; and that all the laws applicable to places under the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States shall have force and effect in said park; provided, however, that nothing in this Act shall be construed to forbid the service in the park of any civil or criminal process of any court having jurisdiction in the States of Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. All fugitives from justice taking refuge in said park shall be subject to the same laws as refugees from justice found in the State of Wyoming.

Sec. 2. That said park, for all the purposes of this Act, shall constitute a part of the United States judicial district of Wyoming and the District and Circuit Courts of the United States in and for said district shall have jurisdiction of all offenses committed within said park.

Sec. 3. That if any offense shall be committed in said Yellowstone National Park, which offense is not prohibited or the punishment is not specially provided for by any law of the United States or by any regulation of the Secretary of the Interior, the offender shall be subject to the same punishment as the laws of the State of Wyoming in force at the time of the commission of the offense may provide for a like offense in the said State; and no subsequent repeal of any such law of the State of Wyoming shall affect any prosecution for said offense committed within said park.

Sec. 4. That all hunting, or the killing, wounding, or capturing at any time of any bird or wild animal, except dangerous animals, when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying human life or inflicting an injury, is prohibited within the limits of said park; nor shall any fish be taken out of the waters of the park by means of seines, nets, traps, or by the use of drugs or any explosive substances or compounds, or in any other way than by hook and line, and then only at such seasons and in such times and manner as may be directed by the Secretary of the Interior. That the Secretary of the Interior shall make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary and proper for the management and care of the park and for the protection of the property therein, especially for the preservation from injury or spoliation of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonderful objects within said park; and for the protection of the animals and birds in the park, from capture or destruction, or to prevent their being frightened or driven from the park; and he shall make rules and regulations governing the taking of fish from the streams or lakes in the park. Possession within the said park of the dead bodies, or any part thereof, of any wild bird or animal shall be prima facie evidence that the person or persons having the same are guilty of violating this Act. Any person or persons, or stage or express company or railway company, receiving for transportation any of the said animals, birds or fish so killed, taken or caught, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined for every such offense, not exceeding three hundred dollars. Any person found guilty of violating any of the provisions of this Act or any rule or regulation that may be promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior with reference to the management and care of the park, or for the protection of the property therein, for the preservation from injury or spoliation of timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities or wonderful objects within said park, or for the protection of the animals, birds and fish in the said park, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be subjected to a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings.

That all guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation of every nature or description used by any person or persons within said park limits when engaged in killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing such wild beasts, birds, or wild animals shall be forfeited to the United States, and may be seized by the officers in said park and held pending the prosecution of any person or persons arrested under charge of violating the provisions of this Act, and upon conviction under this Act of such person or persons using said guns, traps, teams, horses, or other means of transportation, such forfeiture shall be adjudicated as a penalty in addition to the other punishment provided in this Act. Such forfeited property shall be disposed and accounted for by and under the authority of the Secretary of the Interior.

Sec. 5. That the United States Circuit Court in said district shall appoint a commissioner, who shall reside in the park, who shall have jurisdiction to hear and act upon all complaints made, of any and all violations of the law, or of the rules and regulations made by the Secretary of the Interior for the government of the park, and for the protection of the animals, birds, and fish and objects of interest therein, and for other purposes authorized by this Act. Such commissioner shall have power, upon sworn information, to issue process in the name of the United States for the arrest of any person charged with the commission of any misdemeanor, or charged with the violation of the rules and regulations, or with the violation of any provision of this Act prescribed for the government of said park, and for the protection of the animals, birds, and fish in the said park, and to try the person so charged, and, if found guilty, to impose the punishment and adjudge the forfeiture prescribed. In all cases of conviction, an appeal shall lie from the judgment of said commissioner to the United States District Court for the district of Wyoming, said appeal to be governed by the laws of the State of Wyoming providing for appeals in cases of misdemeanor from justices of the peace to the District Court of said State; but the United States Circuit Court in said district may prescribe rules of procedure and practice for said commissioner in the trial of cases, and for appeal to said United States District Court. Said commissioner shall also have power to issue process as hereinbefore provided for the arrest of any person charged with the commission of any felony within the park, and to summarily hear the evidence introduced, and, if he shall determine that probable cause is shown for holding the person so charged for trial, shall cause such person to be safely conveyed to a secure place for confinement, within the jurisdiction of the United States District Court in said State of Wyoming, and shall certify a transcript of the record of his proceedings and the testimony in the case to the said court, which court shall have jurisdiction of the case; provided, that the said commissioner shall grant bail in all cases bailable under the laws of the United States or of said State. All process issued by the commissioner shall be directed to the marshal of the United States for the district of Wyoming; but nothing herein contained shall be construed as preventing the arrest by any officer of the government or employe of the United States in the park, without process, of any person taken in the act of violating the law or any regulation of the Secretary of the Interior; provided, that the said commissioner shall only exercise such authority and powers as are conferred by this Act.

Sec. 6. That the marshal of the United States for the district of Wyoming may appoint one or more deputy marshals for said park, who shall reside in said park, and the said United States District and Circuit Courts shall hold one session of said courts annually at the town of Sheridan, in the State of Wyoming, and may also hold other sessions at any other place in said State of Wyoming, or in said National Park, at such dates as the said courts may order.

Sec. 7. That the commissioner provided for in this Act shall, in addition to the fees allowed by law to commissioners of the Circuit Courts of the United States, be paid an annual salary of one thousand dollars, payable quarterly, and the marshal of the United States, and his deputies, and the attorney of the United States and his assistants in said district, shall be paid the same compensation and fees as are now provided by law for like services in said district.

Sec. 8. That all costs and expenses arising in cases under this Act, and properly chargeable to the United States, shall be certified, approved, and paid as like costs and expenses in the courts of the United States are certified, approved, and paid under the laws of the United States.

Sec. 9. That the Secretary of the Interior shall cause to be erected in the park a suitable building to be used as a jail, and also having in said building an office for the use of the commissioner, the cost of such building not to exceed five thousand dollars, to be paid out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, upon the certificate of the Secretary as a voucher therefor.

Sec. 10. That this act shall not be construed to repeal existing laws conferring upon the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of War certain powers with reference to the protection, improvement, and control of the said Yellowstone National Park.

Approved, May 7, 1894.

LEASES IN THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

An act concerning leases in the Yellowstone National Park.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and empowered to lease to any person, corporation, or company, for a period not exceeding ten years, at such annual rental as the Secretary of the Interior may determine, parcels of land in the Yellowstone National Park, of not more than ten acres in extent for each tract, and not in excess of twenty acres in all to any one person, corporation, or company, on which maybe erected hotels and necessary out-buildings; provided, that such lease or leases shall not include any of the geysers or other objects of curiosity or interest in said park, or exclude the public from free and convenient approach thereto, or include any ground within one-eighth of a mile of any of the geysers or the Yellowstone Falls, the Grand Cañon, or the Yellowstone River, Mammoth Hot Springs, or any object of curiosity in the park; and provided, further, that such leases shall not convey, either expressly or by implication, any exclusive privilege within the park except upon the premises held thereunder and for the time therein granted. Every lease hereafter made for any property in said park shall require the lessee to observe and obey each and every provision in any Act of Congress, and every rule, order, or regulation made, or which may hereafter be made and published by the Secretary of the Interior concerning the use, care, management, or government of the park, or any object or property therein, under penalty of forfeiture of such lease, and every such lease shall be subject to the right of revocation and forfeiture, which shall therein be reserved by the Secretary of the Interior; and provided, further, that persons or corporations now holding leases of ground in the park may, upon the surrender thereof, be granted new leases hereunder, and upon the terms and stipulations contained in their present leases, with such modifications, restrictions, and reservations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe.

This Act, however, is not to be construed as mandatory upon the Secretary of the Interior, but the authority herein given is to be exercised in his sound discretion.

That so much of that portion of the Act of March third, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, relating to the Yellowstone Park, as conflicts with this Act, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Approved, August 3, 1894.

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

1895.

[Promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior.]

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscription or otherwise; or to throw any substance into the springs or geyser vents; or to injure or disturb, in any manner, or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or wonders within the park.

2. It is forbidden to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot spring formations, or to turn loose stock to graze in their vicinity.

3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any growing timber. Camping parties will be allowed to use dead or fallen timber for fuel.

4. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and completely extinguished when not longer required. The utmost care should be exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass, and any one failing to comply therewith shall be peremptorily removed from the park.

5. Hunting or killing, wounding, or capturing of any bird or wild animal, except dangerous animals, when necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is prohibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed in the park under other circumstances than prescribed above, will be forfeited to the United States, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation, and the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. Firearms will only be permitted in the park on the written permission of the Superintendent thereof. On arrival at the first station of the park guard, parties having firearms will turn them over to the sergeant in charge of the station, taking his receipt for them. They will be returned to the owners on leaving the park.

6. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by use of drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, is prohibited. Fishing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden by law. Fishing may be prohibited by order of the Superintendent of the park in any of the waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of the year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior.

7. No person will be permitted to reside permanently or to engage in any business in the park without permission, in writing, from the Department of the Interior. The Superintendent may grant authority to competent persons to act as guides, and revoke the same in his discretion, and no pack trains shall be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly registered guide.

8. The herding or grazing of loose stock or cattle of any kind within the park, as well as the driving of such stock or cattle over the roads of the park, is strictly forbidden, except in such cases where authority therefor is granted by the Secretary of the Interior.

9. No drinking saloon or bar-room will be permitted within the limits of the park.

10. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, except such as may be necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public, upon buildings on leased ground.

11. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily removed from the park, and will not be allowed to return without permission in writing from the Secretary of the Interior or the Superintendent of the Park.

Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subjected to a fine, as provided by the Act of Congress, approved May 7, 1894, “to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park, and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes,” of not more than one thousand dollars or imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings.

Hoke Smith,
Secretary of the Interior.

APPENDIX C.

APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

Act	June 20, 1878.	To protect, preserve, and improve the Park	$10,000 00
″	Mar. 3, 1879.	To protect, preserve, and improve the Park	10,000 00
″	June 16, 1880.	To protect, preserve, and improve the Park	15,000 00
″	Mar. 3, 1881.	To protect, preserve, and improve the Park	15,000 00
″	Mar. 3, 1881.	Deficiency for 1880	89 76
″	Aug. 5, 1882.	Deficiency for 1881	155 00
″	Aug. 7, 1882.	For protection and improvement of Park	15,000 00
″	Aug. 7, 1882.	To reimburse P. W. Norris for salary and expenses, April 18, 1877, to June 30, 1878	3,180 41
″	Mar. 3, 1883.	For protection and improvement of Park	40,000 00
″	July 7, 1884.	For protection and improvement of Park	40,000 00
″	Mar. 3, 1885.	For protection and improvement of Park	40,000 00
Joint Resolution of July 1 and July 15, 1886		Compensation of Superintendent and employes for month of July, 1886	934 25
Act	Aug. 4, 1886.	For construction of roads and bridges	20,000 00
″	Mar. 3, 1887.	For construction of roads and bridges	20,000 00
Act	Oct. 2, 1888.	For construction of roads and bridges	25,000 00
″	Mar. 2, 1889.	For construction of roads and bridges	50,000 00
″	Aug. 30, 1890.	For construction of roads and bridges	75,000 00
″	Sept. 30, 1890.	Reimbursement of Superintendent Conger	169 37
″	Mar. 3, 1891.	For construction of roads and bridges	75,000 00
″	Aug. 5, 1892.	For construction of roads and bridges	45,000 00
″	Mar. 3, 1893.	For construction of roads and bridges	30,000 00
″	May 4, 1894.	For erection of court-house and jail	5,000 00
″	Aug. 18, 1894.	For construction of roads and bridges	30,000 00
″	Aug. 18, 1894.	For salary of Commissioner provided by Act of May 4, 1894	1,000 00
″	Mar. 2, 1895.	For construction of roads and bridges	30,000 00
″	Mar. 2, 1895.	For salary of Commissioner	1,000 00
″	Mar. 2, 1895.	For reimbursement of John W. Meldrum	385 75
Total			$596,914 54
Receipts from leases			$8,358 94
Expenditures from same			4,053 45
Balance			4,305 49
Outlay for 23 years			$592,609 05
Average annual outlay less than			25,000 00

APPENDIX D.

LIST OF SUPERINTENDENTS OF THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

Name.	Length of Service.	Compensation.
Nathaniel P. Langford	Appointed May 10, 1872; removed April 18, 1877	No compensation.
Philetus W. Norris	Appointed April 18 1877	Do.
	Commissioned July 5, 1878; removed February 2, 1882	$1,500 per annum.
Patrick H. Conger	Commissioned February 2, 1882; resigned July 28, 1884	$2,000 per annum.
Robert E. Carpenter	Commissioned August 4, 1884; removed May 29, 1885	Do.
David W. Wear	Commissioned May 29, 1885. Congress failed to appropriate for office from August 1, 1886	Do.
Capt. Moses Harris	Acting Superintendent of Park. August 10, 1886, detailed by Secretary of War, in pursuance of Act March 3, 1883 (22 Statutes, 627). Relieved from duty June 1, 1889	No compensation other than army say.
Capt. F. A. Boutelle	Acting Superintendent of Park; assigned June 1, 1889, relieving Capt. Moses Harris	No compensation other than army pay.
Capt. Geo. S. Anderson.	Acting Superintendent of Park; assigned January 21, 1891, relieving Capt. F. A. Boutelle	Do.

APPENDIX E.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LITERATURE OF THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.

The following bibliography is intended to contain the names of such books and magazine articles in the English language as treat in whole or in part of the Yellowstone National Park. It does not include references in encyclopedias or school textbooks, nor, with few exceptions, articles from the daily or weekly journals. Those who desire to consult the more general literature relating to the geysers and hot springs of the world are referred to the excellent work of Dr. A. C. Peale, published in 1883, in the Twelfth Annual Report of Dr. Hayden, pp. 427-449.

The present list is carefully indexed under the more prominent words of the titles and under the names of the authors; but the full title of each work is given only once. To pass from any other reference to the corresponding full title, note the number following the reference and look for the title which is preceded by the same number. The abbreviation “Y. N. P.” is for “Yellowstone National Park.”

1. Action of Geysers. Westminster Review, vol. lxvii, p. 207.

Allen, C. J., 6.

2. American Big Game Hunting. The Book of the Boone and Crockett Club, vol. i. Editors, Theodore Roosevelt and George Bird Grinnell. New York. Forest and Stream Publishing Company. 1893. Contains numerous references to the Y. N. P. and an article entitled “The Yellowstone Park as a Game Preserve,” by Arnold Hague.

3. Among the Geysers of the Yellowstone. E. Roberts. In his Shoshone. New York. Harper Brothers. 1888. pp. 202-245.

4. Analyses of some Geyser Deposits. By Henry Leffmann. Chemical News. London, vol. xliii, p. 124.

5. Analyses of the Waters of the Y. N. P. By Frank A. Gooch and James E. Whitfield, Bulletin No. 47, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington: Government Printing Office. 1888.

Anderson, G. S., 8, 24, 61.

6. Annual Reports of Officers of the Corps of Engineers in charge of the Construction of Roads and Bridges. Including, to the present time, reports by Lieutenant (now Captain) D. C. Kingman, Captain (now Major) C. B. Sears, Major Charles J. Allen, Lieutenant W. E. Craighill, Major (now Lieutenant-Colonel) W. A. Jones, and Lieutenant (now Captain) H. M. Chittenden. Washington: Government Printing Office.

7. Annual Reports of Secretaries of the Interior, from 1871 to the present time. Washington: Government Printing Office.

8. Annual Reports of Superintendents of the Park. Including, to the present time, reports by N. P. Langford, P. W. Norris, P. H. Conger, D. W. Wear, Captain (now Major, retired) Moses Harris, Captain F. A. Boutelle, and Captain George S. Anderson. Washington: Government Printing Office.

9. Annual Report (Fifth: 1871) of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories. By Dr. F. V. Hayden, with sub-reports by A. C. Peale, Joseph Leidy and T. C. Porter, Washington: Government Printing Office. 1872.

10. Annual Report (Sixth: 1872) of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories. By Dr. F. V. Hayden, with sub-reports by Dr. A. C. Peale, F. H. Bradley, C. H. Merriam, Henry Gannett, J. M. Coulter and N. P. Langford. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1873.

11. Annual Report (Twelfth: 1878) of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. By Dr. F. V. Hayden, with sub-reports by W. H. Holmes, Dr. A. C. Peale and Henry Gannett. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1883. This report contains Dr. Peale’s exhaustive treatise upon the thermal phenomena of the park; his general treatise on the hot springs and geysers of the world, and his elaborate bibliography pertaining to these subjects.

12. Annual Reports of the United States Geological Survey. The serial numbers of these reports begin with June 30, 1880, the first report being for the year ending at that time. Nearly all these reports contain valuable references to the Park, most of them being from the pen of Prof. Arnold Hague. One article of great importance, by Walter Harvey Weed (Ninth Annual Report, 1888, pp. 613-676), on the formation of hot springs deposits through the agency of vegetable growth, deserves particular notice. Washington: Government Printing Office.

13. Aquatic Invertebrate Fauna of the Y. N. P., Preliminary Report upon. S. A. Forbes. Bulletin United States Fish Commission for 1891, p. 215. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1893.

Arthur, Chester A., 66.

14. Ascent of Mt. Hayden. N. P. Langford. Scribner’s (Old) Monthly, vol. vi, p. 129.

15. Astoria.—Washington Irving.—Chapter xv contains a reference to John Colter.

Attractions of the Y. N. P., 96.

16. Attractions of the Y. N. P. Kansas City Review. April 1880, p. 743.

17. Autumn in the Yellowstone Park. L. Rutgers. In his On and off the Saddle. New York: Putnam, 1894, pp. 1-19.

Barlow, Captain J. W., 94.

18. Battle of the Big Hole. G. O. Shields. Chicago and New York: Rand, McNally & Company. 1889. Contains an account of the Nez Percé Campaign.

Beam, Wm., 21.

19. Bicycle Tour of the Y. N. P. First. W. O. Owen. Outing, vol. xviii p. 191.

20. Black Hills, The, and American Wonderland. H. N. Maguire. The Lakeside Library, vol. iv, p. 298.

21. Bonneville, Captain, The Adventures of. Washington Irving. Chapter xxiii contains a reference to John Colter, the Stinkingwater River, and to “Colter’s Hell.”

22. Botanical Observations in Western Wyoming. C. C. Parry. American Naturalist, vol. viii, pp. 9, 102, 175, 211.

Boutelle, Capt. F. A., 8.

Brackett, W. S., 63.

Bradbury, J., 115.

Bradley, F. H., 10.

Brockett, G. P., 152

Brown, R., 125.

Bunce, O. B., 83.

Butler, J. D., 65.

23. Calumet of the Coteau. P. W. Norris. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1883.

24. Camping in the Y. N. P. Captain Geo. S. Anderson. Youth’s Companion, October 17, 1895, p. 488. Gives exhaustive directions for those desiring to camp through the Park.

Catlin, George, 62.

Chittenden, H. M., 6, 98.

25. Chronicles of the Yellowstone. E. S. Topping. St. Paul: Pioneer Press Company. 1883.

Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Report of, 91.

Comstock, T. B., 45, 90, 118, 141.

Conger, P. H., 8.

26. Congressional Reports (only the more important):

To accompany House Bill 764 (Act of Dedication), 42d Cong., 2d Session.

Report of a Special Committee of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker on the 4th day of March, 1885, to investigate, among other things, the Y. N. P. House Report No. 1,076, 49th Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 245-270.

Report of the Committee on Public Lands on the administration of the Y. N. P. in compliance with House resolution of April 8, 1892. House Report No. 1,956, 52d Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 295.

Adverse Report on the admission of steam railways within the Park. House Report No. 1,386, 53d Cong., 2d Sess.

Adverse Report on the admission of electric railways within the Park. House Report No. 1,387, 53d Cong., 2d Sess.

Adverse Report on Segregation project and change of boundaries. House Report No. 1,763, 53d Cong., 3d Sess.

27. Contributions to the Geological Chemistry of the Y. N. P. Henry Leffmann and Wm. Beam. American Journal of Science. 3d series, vol. xxv, p. 104.

28. Cooke City versus the National Park. New York: Forest and Stream, December 8, 1892, p. 16.

Cope, E. D., 145.

Corps of Engineers, Officers of, Annual Reports of, 6.

Coues, Elliott, 57.

Coulter, J. M., 10.

Craighill, W. E., 6.

Dana, E. S., 89.

De Lacy, W., 72, 114.

De Vallibus, 132.

Donne, G. C., 136.

Donaldson, T., 87.

Driscoll, C. F., 142.

Dudley, W. H., 159.

Dunraven, Earl of, 53.

29. Earth, The, and its Inhabitants. Élisée Reclus. Vol. iii. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1893. Contains numerous references to the Y. N. P.

Eccles, James, 70, 99.

Eldridge, G. H., 44.

30. Elk Hunt, An, at Two-Ocean Pass. Theodore Roosevelt. The Century, vol. xliv, p. 713.

Ellsworth, Spencer, 86.

31. Enchanted Land, The, or an October Ramble among the Geysers, etc., of the Y. N. P. Illustrated. 8vo. pp. 48. Paper. R. E. Strahorn. Omaha. 1881.

Evermann, B. W., 91.

Everts, T. C., 110.

32. Expedition through the Big Horn Mountains, Y. N. P., etc., in 1881. Report by Lieutenant-General P. H. Sheridan, with sub-reports by Lieutenant-Colonel J. F. Gregory, A. D. C., Surgeon W. H. Forwood, U. S. A., and Captain S. C. Kellogg, U. S. A. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1882.

33. Expedition to the Yellowstone. Analectic Magazine, vol. xv, pp. 293, 347.

34. Exploration of Parts of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana, in 1882. Report by Lieutenant-General P. H. Sheridan, with sub-reports by Lieutenant-Colonel J. F. Gregory, A. D. C., and Surgeon W. H. Forwood, U. S. A. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1882.

35. Exploration of the Yellowstone and the Country drained by that River. W. F. Raynolds, Brevet Brigadier-General U. S. A. Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 77, 40th Cong., 1st Sess. On page 10 is a reference to the geyser regions.

36. Falls of the Yellowstone. Howard O’Neil. Southern Magazine, vol. ix., p. 219.

37. Falls of the Yellowstone. Moses Thatcher. The Contributor. Salt Lake City. Vol. v, p. 140.

Ferris, G. T., 84.

38. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. Edward Pierrepont. New York: G. P. Putnam Sons, 1884, p. 237. Printed for private circulation only.

Folsom, D. E., 119.

Forbes, S. A., 13.

Forest Reservation, The Y. N. P. as a, 157.

Forwood, W. H., 32, 34.

39. Fossil Forests of the Volcanic Tertiary Formations of the Y. N. P. W. H. Holmes. Bulletin United States Geological Survey, vol. v, p. 125. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1879.

40. Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone. Walter Harvey Weed. School of Mines Quarterly, vol. xiii, no. 3.

41. Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone. Prof. Samuel E. Tillman. United States Military Academy. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xliii, p. 301, July, 1893.

42. Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone. Prof. Frank H. Knowlton, P. H. D. The Epoch, vol. i, no. 1, p. 18. April, 1895.

Francis, E., 49.

Frankland, E., 143.

Game Exploration, Y. N. P., 158.

Game Preserve, The Y. N. P. as a, 2.

Gannett, H., 10, 11, 153.

Geike, A., 48.

Geological Chemistry of the Y. N. P. Contributions to the, 27.

43. Geological History of the Y. N. P. Arnold Hague. Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. xvi, 1888. Also in Smithsonian Report for 1892, p. 133.

44. Geological Reconnaissance in North-western Wyoming. George Homans Eldridge. Bulletin 119, United States Geological Survey. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1894.

45. Geology of Western Wyoming. Theo. B. Comstock. American Journal of Science. 3d series, vol. vi, p. 426.

Geyser Deposits, Analyses of, 4.

Geyserland, Pilgrimage to, 86.

Geysers, Action of, 1.

46. Geysers and how they are explained. Joseph Le Conte. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xii, p. 407.

47. Geysers, Comparisons of. A. C. Peale. Science, vol. ii, p. 101.

48. Geysers of the Yellowstone. Archibald Geike. Macmillan, vol. xliv, p. 421. Same article, Appleton’s Journal, vol. xxvi, p. 538; and Eclectic Magazine, vol. xcviii, p. 124.

49. Geysers of the Yellowstone. E. Francis. Nineteenth Century, vol. xi, p. 369. Same article in Living Age, vol. cliii, p. 31, and Eclectic Magazine, vol. xcviii, p. 598.

Geysers of the Yellowstone, Among the, 3.

Geyser Regions, The World’s, 134.

Geysers, Soaping, 102, 103, 104.

50. Gigantic “Pleasuring Ground,” A. Nature, vol. vi, pp. 397, 437.

51. Glacial Phenomena in the Y. N. P. W. H. Holmes. American Naturalist, vol. xv, p. 203.

52. Gold Hunt on the Yellowstone, A. Edward B. Nealley. Lippincott’s, vol. ix, p. 204.

Gooch, F. A., 5.

53. Great Divide, The. Earl of Dunraven. London: Chatto and Windus. 1876.

54. Great West, The. A Journal of Rambles over Mountain and Plain. P. W. Norris. A long series of articles under the above title appeared in the Norris Suburban in 1876, ’7, ’8. They deal largely with the Y. N. P., and contain much of historic value. Norris subsequently rearranged and extended these articles with a view to publication in book form; but death interrupted his purpose. The manuscript is now in the possession of William Hallett Phillips, of Washington, D. C.

Gregory, J. F., 32, 34, 66.

Grinnell, G. B., 2, 61, 89.

55. Grotto Geyser, The. F. V. Hayden. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1876.

56. Guide Books of the Y. N. P. The guide books of the Park are numerous; but as they are all similar in character, and generally supplanted by the latest issue, it seems unnecessary to give a full list of them. Among those who have prepared guides or manuals of the Park, of practical value to the tourist, may be mentioned H. J. Norton, P. W. Norris, Henry J. Winser, G. L. Henderson, W. W. & S. K. Wiley, W. C. Riley, F. J. Haynes, A. B. Guptill, and the Northern Pacific and Union Pacific Railway Companies. The leading authorities at the present time are Haynes’ (St. Paul) Guide Book and O. D. Wheeler’s (N. P. R. R.) “Wonderland” Series. See “Wonderland Series.”

Gunnison, J. W., 77.

Guptill, A. B., 56, 148.

Hague, Arnold, 2, 12, 43, 67, 102, 154, 156, 157.

Harris, Moses, 8.

Harrison, Carter, 107.

Hayden, F. V., 9, 10, 11, 55, 59, 60, 117, 127, 128, 140, 160.

Hayden, Mt., Ascent of, 14.

Haynes, F. J., 56, 66, 162.

Heap, D. P., 94.

Hedges, C., 137.

Henderson, G. L., 56, 161.

Heizman, C. L., 90, 108.

57. History of the Expeditions under the Command of Lewis and Clark, to the Sources of the Missouri River, thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. Performed during the Years 1804-5-6, by Order of the Government of the United States. Elliott Coues. 4 vols. New York: Francis P. Harper. 1893. Pages 283, 1153, 1154, 1181, and 1182 contain references to the Y. N. P.

Holmes, W. H., 11, 39, 51, 82.

58. Horseback Rides through the Y. N. P. H. J. Norton. Virginia City, Mont. 1874. The first real guide book of the Park.

59. Hot Springs and Geysers of the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers. F. V. Hayden. American Journal of Science, vol. ciii, pp. 105, 161.

60. Hot Springs of the Y. N. P. F. V. Hayden. In The Great West, Philadelphia: Franklin Publishing Co. 1880.

Hough, E., 158.

Howard, O. O., 79, 81.

Hoyt, J. W., 93.

61. Hunting in Many Lands. Book of the Boone and Crockett Club. Vol. ii. Editors, Theodore Roosevelt and George Bird Grinnell. New York: Forest and Stream Publishing Company. 1895. Contains an article by Captain G. S. Anderson, 6th U. S. Cavalry, on “Protection in the Y. N. P.”, and one by the Editors on “The Yellowstone Park Protective Act.”

Iddings, J. P., 156.

62. Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians. George Catlin. 2 vols. London: Henry G. Bohn. 1857. Pages 261-2 contain reference to Catlin’s Park project. Published also in New York. 1841.

63. Indian Remains on the Upper Yellowstone. William S. Brackett. Smithsonian Institute Report for 1892, p. 577.

64. Inspection Made in the Summer of 1877 by Generals P. H. Sheridan and W. T. Sherman. Contains letters from General Sherman to the Secretary of War, and reports by General Sheridan, Colonel O. M. Poe, and other officers. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1878.

Irving, Washington, 15, 21.

65. John Colter. Professor J. D. Butler. Magazine American History, vol. xii, no. 1, p. 83.

Jones, W. A., 6, 90.

Jones, W. P., 153.

Jordan, D. S., 92, 150.

Joseph, Nez Percé, 81.

66. Journey through the Yellowstone National Park and North-western Wyoming. 1883. Photographs of Party and Scenery along the Route Traveled, and Copies of the Associated Press Dispatches sent whilst En Route. Washington: Government Printing Office.

This book, of which only twelve copies were ever made, is the record of the journey of President Arthur through the Park as the guest of Lieutenant-General Sheridan in 1883. The dispatches were mostly written by Lieutenant-Colonel M. V. Sheridan, Military Secretary, and by Lieutenant-Colonel James F. Gregory, Aide-de-Camp; but at least one dispatch was written by each of the other members of the party, except the President. All the dispatches were read to and approved by the President before being sent. No newspaper correspondent accompanied the expedition. The photographs, which form an important feature of the book, were taken by F. J. Haynes, who accompanied the party.

Kellogg, S. C., 32.

Kingman, D. C., 6.

Knowlton, F. H., 42.

Koch, Peter, 144.

Langford, N. P., 8, 10, 14, 119, 120, 129, 137.

Le Conte, Joseph, 46.

Leffmann, Henry, 4, 27.

Leidy, Joseph, 9.

Lewis and Clark, 57.

Liederkranz Expedition to the Y. N. P., 159.

Linton, Edwin, 85.

Ludlow, William, 89.

Maguire, H. N., 20.

67. Map of the North-west, An Early. Arnold Hague. Science, vol. x, p. 217.

68. Map of the Y. N. P. Science, vol. xi, p. 255.

69. Marvels of the Yellowstone. Leisure Hour, vol. xxi, p. 134.

Merriam, C. H., 10.

70. Microscopical Character of Vitreous Rocks of Montana. Frank Rutley and James Eccles. Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, vol. xxxvii, p. 391.

71. Military Road from Fort Walla Walla to Fort Benton, Report on Construction of. Captain John Mullan, U. S. A. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1863. Pages 19 and 53 refer to geysers and hot springs near the Upper Yellowstone.

72. Mineral Resources of the States and Territories. Rossiter W. Raymond. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1869. Page 142 quotes W. W. De Lacy in regard to hot springs on the Firehole and Snake Rivers.

73. Mineral Springs of the United States. A. C. Peale. Bulletin No. 32, United States Geological Survey. Washington: Government Printing Office.

74. Mineral Springs of the United States. A. C. Peale. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxx, p. 711.

75. Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada. G. E. Walton. Popular Science Monthly, vol. iii, p. 515.

76. Mineral Waters of the Y. N. P. A. C. Peale. Science, vol. xvii, p. 36.

Mitchell, S. W., 112.

Montana Historical Society, Transactions of, 114.

77. Mormons or Latter Day Saints, A History of. Captain J. W. Gunnison, U. S. A. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 1852. Also Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1856. Page 151 contains a reference to Bridger’s knowledge of the geyser regions.

Mullan, John, 71.

National Park, Our Great, 83.

Nealley, E. B., 52.

78. New North-west, The. The Century, vol. xxiv, p. 504.

79. Nez Percé Campaign, The, Reports of General Howard and other officers upon. Vol. i, Reports of Secretary of War for 1877. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1877.

Nez Percé Campaign, The, 18, 79, 80, 81.

80. Nez Percé Indians, Report of Civil and Military Commission to inquire into Grievances of. Vol. i, Report of Secretary of the Interior for 1877, p. 607. Nez Percé War described on pp. 405-409, same volume. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1877.

81. Nez Percé Joseph. History of the Nez Percé Campaign of 1877. General O. O. Howard. Boston. Lee and Shepard. 1881.

Norris, P. W., 8, 23, 54, 56.

Northern Pacific Railway Co., 56, 126.

Norton, H. J., 56, 58.

82. Notes on an Extensive Deposit of Obsidian in the Y. N. P. W. H. Holmes. American Naturalist, vol. xiii, p. 247.

Obsidian in the Y. N. P., 82.

O’Neil, H., 36.

83. Our Great National Park. O. B. Bunce. In Picturesque America; or, the Land we Live in, vol. i, p. 292. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1872.

84. Our Native Land, or Glances at American Scenery and Places. George T. Ferris. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1886, pp. 148-178.

Overhead Sounds in the Vicinity of the Yellowstone Lake. S. A. Forbes. Page 215, Preliminary Report on Aquatic Invertebrate Fauna, in the Y. N. P., 13.

85. Overhead Sounds in the Vicinity of the Yellowstone Lake. Edwin Linton. Science, vol. xxii, No. 561, p. 244.

Owen, W. O., 19.

Parry, C. C., 22, 90.

Peale, A. C., 9, 10, 11, 47, 73, 74, 76, 109, 134.

Peck, J. K., 155.

Pierrepont, Edward, 38.

86. Pilgrimage to Geyserland. Spencer Ellsworth. Lacon, Ill. 1883.

Poe, O. M., 64.

Porter, R. P., 153.

Porter, T. C., 9.

Protection in the Y. N. P., 61.

Protective Act, Y. N. P., 61.

87. Public Domain, The. Its History with Statistics. Thomas Donaldson. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1884, p. 1294.

88. Rambles in Wonderland. Edwin J. Stanley. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1873.

Raymond, R. W., 72, 104, 105, 106, 130.

Raynolds, W. F., 35.

Reclus, Élisée, 29.

89. Reconnaissance from Carroll, Montana, to the Y. N. P. Captain (now Lieutenant-Colonel) Wm. Ludlow, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., with sub-reports by George Bird Grinnell and Edward S. Dana. Appendix N N, Chief of Engineers’ Report for 1876. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1876. Also published separately in quarto, 155 pages. 1876.

90. Reconnaissance of North-western Wyoming, including the Y. N. P., made in the summer of 1873. Captain W. A. Jones, of the Corps of Engineers, with sub-reports by Prof. Theo. B. Comstock, Dr. C. L. Heizman, U. S. A., and Dr. C. C. Parry. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1875.

91. Reconnaissance of the Streams and Lakes of Western Montana and North-western Wyoming. Barton W. Evermann. In Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1892, pp. 1-58.

92. Reconnaissance of the Streams and Lakes of the Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, in the interests of the United States Fish Commission. David Starr Jordan. Bulletin United States Fish Commission, vol. ix, pp. 41-63. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1890.

93. Reconnaissance for a Wagon Road to the National Park. Gov. John W. Hoyt, of Wyoming. In Annual Report of Secretary of the Interior, 1881. Vol. ii, p. 1074. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1881.

94. Reconnaissance of the Yellowstone River in 1871. Captains Barlow and Heap, of the United States Corps of Engineers. Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 66, 42d Cong., 2d Sess.

95. Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian. Captain George M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1889. Vol. i contains a memoir upon the Voyages, Explorations, and Surveys pertaining to that portion of the United States west of the Mississippi River from the year 1500 to 1880, including an epitome of a Memoir by Lieutenant G. K. Warren, covering the period from 1800 to 1857.

96. Resources of Montana Territory and Attractions of the Y. N. P. R. E. Strahorn. Helena, Montana: Montana Legislative Assembly. 1879.

Richardson, James, 131.

Riley, W. C., 56.

97. River of the West, The. Frances Fuller Victor. Hartford, Conn.: Columbian Book Company. 1871. Pages 75 and 76 contain a description of some of the hot springs districts of the Park as seen in 1829.

98. Roads in the Y. N. P. Lieutenant H. M. Chittenden, U. S. A. Good Roads, vol. v, no. 1, p. 1.

Roberts, E., 3, 146.

99. Rocky Mountain Region of Wyoming and Idaho. James Eccles. Alpine Journal, London. Vol. ix, p. 241.

Rollins, A. W., 111.

Roosevelt, Theodore, 2, 30, 61.

Rutgers, L., 17.

Rutley, F., 70.

Saltus, J. S., 123.

Sanitarium, A Winter, 124.

Sargent, C. S., 149.

100. Scorodite from the Y. N. P. J. Edward Whitfield. Bulletin U. S. G. S., No. 55. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1889.

Sears, C. B., 6.

Secretaries of the Interior, Annual Reports of, 7, 80, 93.

Sessions, F. C., 147.

Sheridan, M. V., 66.

Sheridan, P. H., 32, 34, 64, 66.

Sherman, W. T., 64.

Shields, G. O., 18.

101. Siliceous Pebbles from the Geyser of the Yellowstone Cañon. A. P. Townsend. American Chemist, vol. iii, p. 288.

Siliceous Sinter, Formation of, 12.

102. Soaping Geysers. Arnold Hague. Science, vol. xiii, p. 382. Also in Smithsonian Report for 1892, p. 153.

103. Soaping Geysers. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxxvii, p. 139.

104. Soaping Geysers. R. W. Raymond. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Buffalo Meeting, October, 1888.

Stanley, E. J., 88.

105. Statistics of Mines and Mining. Rossiter W. Raymond. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1870. Page 312 contains references to the geysers of the Yellowstone.

106. Statistics of Mines and Mining. Rossiter W. Raymond. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1872. Pages 213-216 contain a reference to the geysers from the pen of General Washburn.

Strahorn, R. E., 31, 96.

Strong, W. E., 116.

107. Summer’s Outing, A, or, The Old Man’s Story. Carter Harrison. Chicago: Dibble Publishing Company. 1891.

Superintendents of the Y. N. P., Annual Reports of, 8.

Tetons, The Three, 111.

Thatcher, M., 37.

108. Therapeutical Value of the Springs in the Y. N. P. Dr. C. L. Heizmann, U. S. A. Philadelphia. Medical Times, vol. vi, p. 409.

109. Thermal Springs of the Y. N. P., Report on. A. C. Peale. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxiii, p. 515.

110. Thirty-seven Days of Peril. Truman C. Everts. Scribner’s Monthly, vol. iii, p. 1.

111. Three Tetons, The. Alice Wellington Rollins. Harper’s, vol. lxxiv, p. 869.

112. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Lippincott’s, vol. xxvi, p. 29.

113. Through the Yellowstone Park on Horseback. G. W. Wingate. New York: Orange Judd. Co. 1886.

Tillman, S. E., 41.

Topping, E. S., 25.

Townsend, A. P., 101.

114. Transactions Montana Historical Society, vol. i. Helena, Montana: Rocky Mountain Publishing Company. 1876. Contains numerous references to the Upper Yellowstone, the most important of which is an article entitled “Trip up the South Snake River,” by Walter W. De Lacy.

115. Travels in the Interior of America in the years 1808-10-11. John Bradbury. Liverpool: 1817.

Travertine, Formation of, 12.

Trip up the South Snake River in 1863. Walter W. De Lacy, 114.

116. Trip to the Y. N. P., in July, August and September, 1875. Gen. W. E. Strong. Washington. 1876.

Trumbull, Walter, 121, 137.

117. Two-Ocean Pass, The So-called. Dr. F. V. Hayden. Vol. v, Bulletins United States Geological Survey of the Territories, p. 223.

Two-Ocean Pass, 30, 91, 117.

118. Unexplained Phenomena of the Geyser Basins of the Y. N. P. Theodore B. Comstock. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xii, p. 372.

Union Pacific Railroad Company, 56.

United States Geological Survey, Annual Reports of, 9 to 12.

119. Valley of the Upper Yellowstone. David E. Folsom. Western Monthly, vol. iv, p. 60, July, 1870. Reprinted by Mr. N. P. Langford, with an interesting preface by himself. St. Paul, Minn. 1894.

Vegetation of Hot Waters, 12.

Victor, F. F., 97.

120. Vigilante Days and Ways. N. P. Langford. St. Paul: D. D. Merrill & Co. 1893. Contains numerous references to the Park.

Walton, G. E., 75.

Warren, G. K., 95.

Washburn, H. D., 106, 137.

121. Washburn Yellowstone Expedition, The. Walter Trumbull. Overland Monthly, vol. vi, pp. 431, 489.

122. Wasp, The. Vol. i, No. 17, August 13, 1842. Contains the article quoted on pp. 44-49, stated to have been an extract from an unpublished work entitled “Life in the Rocky Mountains.” Author unknown. The Wasp was a Mormon paper, published at Nauvoo, Ill.

Wear, D. W., 8.

Weed, W. H., 12, 40, 156.

123. Week in the Yellowstone, A. J. Sanford Saltus. New York: Knickerbocker Press. 1895. Printed for private circulation.

Wheeler, G. M., 95.

Wheeler, O. D., 56, 126.

Whitfield, J. E., 5, 100.

Wiley, W. W. and S. K., 56.

Wilson, S. A., 135.

Wingate, G. W., 113.

Winser, H. J., 56.

124. Winter Sanitarium for the American Continent. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxvii, p. 290.

125. Wonderland of America. Robert Brown. In the Countries of the World, vol. iv. London, Paris, and New York.

Wonderland, American, The Black Hills and, 20.

Wonderland, Rambles in, 88.

126. Wonderland Series. O. D. Wheeler. Annual Publication of Northern Pacific Railroad Company, describing the country along the line of that railroad. These books all contain valuable articles on the Park. They include “6,000 Miles through Wonderland,” 1893, “Indianland and Wonderland,” 1894, and “Sketches of Wonderland,” 1895.

127. Wonders of the Rocky Mountains. The Y. N. P. How to reach it. F. V. Hayden. In Williams’ Illustrated Guide to the Pacific Railroad, California, etc. New York. 1876.

128. Wonders of the West. More about the Yellowstone. F. V. Hayden. Scribner’s Monthly, vol. iii, No. 4, p. 388.

129. Wonders of the Yellowstone, The. N. P. Langford. Scribner’s Monthly, vol. ii, pp. 1, 113.

130. Wonders of the Yellowstone, The. Rossiter W. Raymond. In his Camp and Cabin. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulburt. 1880.

131. Wonders of the Yellowstone, The. James Richardson. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co. 1872.

132. Wonders of the Yellowstone, The. De Vallibus. Contributor, Salt Lake City, vol. v, pp. 5, 47, 86.

133. Wonders of the Yellowstone Region. Chambers’ Journal, vol. li, p. 315.

134. World’s Geyser Regions, The. A. C. Peale. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxvii, p. 494.

Wright, G. M., 156.

Yellowstone, Chronicles of the, 25.

Yellowstone Expedition, 121.

135. Yellowstone Expedition of 1863. S. A. Wilson. Magazine Western History, vol. xiii, pp. 448, 668.

136. Yellowstone Expedition of 1870, Report upon. Lieutenant Gustavus C. Doane. Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 51, 41st Cong., 3d Sess.

137. Yellowstone Expedition of 1870. A Series of Articles in Montana Papers, describing the Expedition. These consisted of articles by Mr. Langford in the Helena Herald; “Notes” by General Washburn in the same paper; a series of articles, including “Sulphur Mountain and Mud Volcano,” “Hell-broth Springs,” “Yellowstone Lake,” “Mt. Everts,” and others, by Mr. Hedges, published in the Herald; and a similar series in the Helena Gazette by Walter Trumbull. These articles appeared between September 26, 1870, immediately after the return of the Expedition, and November 12th, the date of the banquet given to Mr. Everts after his miraculous escape from his terrible adventure.

Yellowstone, Expedition to the, 33.

Yellowstone, Exploration of the, 35.

Yellowstone, Falls of the, 36, 37.

Yellowstone, Fossil Forests of the, 39, 40, 41, 42.

Yellowstone, Geysers and Hot Springs of the, 3, 31, 48, 49, 59, 60.

Yellowstone, Gold Hunt on the, 52.

Yellowstone, Indian Remains on the, 63.

Yellowstone Lake, Overhead Sounds in the Vicinity of, 13, 85.

Yellowstone, Marvels of the, 69.

138. Yellowstone National Park. Scribner’s Monthly, vol. iv, p. 120.

139. Yellowstone National Park. Manhattan Illustrated Monthly, vol. iv, No. 2, p. 129, August, 1884.

140. Yellowstone National Park. F. V. Hayden. American Journal of Science, vol. ciii, p. 294.

141. Yellowstone National Park. Theo. B. Comstock. American Naturalist, vol. viii, pp. 65, 155.

142. Yellowstone National Park. Charles F. Driscoll. American Architect, vol. xiii, p. 130.

143. Yellowstone National Park. E. Frankland. Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxvii, p. 289.

144. Yellowstone National Park. Peter Koch. Magazine American History, vol. xi, p. 497.

145. Yellowstone National Park. E. D. Cope. American Naturalist, vol. xix, p. 1017.

146. Yellowstone National Park. E. Roberts. Art Journal, vol. xl, pp. 193, 325.

147. Yellowstone National Park. F. C. Sessions. Magazine Western History, vol. vi, p. 433.

148. Yellowstone National Park. A. B. Guptill. Outing, vol. xvi, p. 256.

149. Yellowstone National Park. C. G. Sargent. Garden and Forest, vol. vii, p. 131.

150. Yellowstone National Park. D. S. Jordan. Around the World, vol. i, p. 148.

151. Yellowstone National Park. (Anon.) Nature, vol. v, p. 403; vi, pp. 397, 437.

152. Yellowstone National Park. G. P. Brockett. In Our Western Empire, chap. xxii. Philadelphia, 1881.

153. Yellowstone National Park. Robert P. Porter, Henry Gannett, and W. P. Jones. In The West from the Census of 1880. Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co. 1882.

154. Yellowstone National Park. Arnold Hague. Extract from the proceedings of the Fifth Session of the International Congress of Geologists. Washington, 1891.

155. Yellowstone National Park. J. K. Peck. In his Seven Wonders of the World. New York: Hunt and Eaton, p. 71.

Yellowstone National Park, Analyses of Waters of, 5.

Yellowstone National Park, Aquatic Invertebrate Fauna of, 13.

Yellowstone National Park, Attractions of, 16, 96.

Yellowstone National Park, Autumn in, 17.

Yellowstone National Park, Camping in, 24.

Yellowstone National Park, Cooke City versus, 28.

Yellowstone National Park, Expeditions to or through, 32, 34.

Yellowstone National Park, First Bicycle Tour of, 19.

156. Yellowstone National Park Folio. (In preparation.) A publication by the United States Geological Survey, consisting of four geological and four topographical maps; a descriptive text by Prof. Arnold Hague, of the United States Geological Survey; and a geological text by Prof. Hague as Geologist in Charge, assisted by Messrs. J. P. Iddings, W. H. Weed, and G. M. Wright. It is understood that this Folio is presently to be followed by an exhaustive Monograph upon the Park.

157. Yellowstone National Park as a Forest Reservation. Arnold Hague. Nation, vol. xlvi, p. 9.

158. Yellowstone National Park Game Exploration. E. Hough. Under the above title a series of thirteen articles appeared in Forest and Stream in the summer of 1894, the first article appearing in the issue of May 5, and the last in that of August 25 of that year. These articles are of great interest and value as forming probably the most complete discussion of the game question in the Park that has yet appeared. Their descriptions of snow-shoe traveling and of the winter scenery of that region are well worthy of perusal. The graphic narrative of the arrest of the poacher, Howell, is an important feature.

Yellowstone National Park as a Game Preserve, 2.

Yellowstone National Park, Geological Chemistry of, 27.

Yellowstone National Park, Geological History of, 43.

Yellowstone National Park, Glacial Phenomena in, 51.

Yellowstone National Park, Guide Books of, 56.

Yellowstone National Park, Horseback Rides through, 58.

Yellowstone National Park, Hot Springs and Geysers of, 3, 31, 48, 49, 59, 60.

Yellowstone National Park. How to reach it, 127.

159. Yellowstone National Park from the Hurricane Deck of a Cayuse; or, The Liederkranz Expedition to Geyserland. W. H. Dudley. Butte City, Montana. 1886.

Yellowstone National Park, Journey through, 66.

Yellowstone National Park, Map of, 68.

Yellowstone National Park, Mineral Waters of, 76.

160. Yellowstone National Park and the Mountain Regions of Portions of Idaho, Nevada, Colorado, and Utah. F. V. Hayden. Boston. 1876. Large folio.

Yellowstone National Park, Obsidian in, 82.

161. Yellowstone National Park, Past, Present, and Future. Facts for the Consideration of the Committee on Territories for 1891, and Future Committees. G. L. Henderson. Washington: Gibson Brothers. 1891.

162. Yellowstone National Park in Photogravure. F. J. Haynes. Fargo, North Dakota. 1887.

Yellowstone National Park, Protection in, 61.

Yellowstone National Park, Protective Act, 61.

Yellowstone National Park, Reconnaissance to, 89, 90.

Yellowstone National Park, Reconnaissance of Streams and Lakes of, 91, 92.

Yellowstone National Park, Reconnaissance for a Wagon Road to, 93.

Yellowstone National Park, Roads in, 98.

Yellowstone National Park, Scorodite in, 100.

Yellowstone National Park, Therapeutical Value of Springs of, 108.

Yellowstone National Park, Thermal Springs of, 109.

Yellowstone National Park, Through the, to Fort Custer, 112.

Yellowstone National Park, Through the, on Horseback, 113.

Yellowstone National Park, A Trip to, 116.

Yellowstone National Park, Unexplained Phenomena of, 118.

Yellowstone River, Reconnaissance of, 94.

Yellowstone, Valley of the Upper, 119.

Yellowstone, A Week in the, 123.

Yellowstone, Wonders of the, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133.

INDEX.

[Appendices A and E being carefully arranged alphabetically, names found in them are not included in this index unless they also occur in the main body of the work. The few abbreviations used are self-explanatory.]

Absaroka, Indian name for Crow Tribe, 8.

Absaroka Range, name considered, 289.
described, 152, 240.
first ascent of, 80, 295.
first crossed, 104.
profile of human face in, 243.

Act of Dedication becomes a law, 95.
comments upon, 96, 97.
history of, 92-5.
provisions of, 127.
text of, 345.
vote on, 95.

Act of 1883, Military Assistance in protecting Park, 134, 347.

Act of 1890, admitting Wyoming, 347.

Act of 1894, National Park Protective Act, 141, 145, 348.

Act of 1894, regulating leases, 141, 352.

Adirondacks, proposal for reservation in, 97.

Administration of the Park, 206-8.

Administrative History of the Y. N. P., 127-141.

Adverse reports on railroad projects, etc., 141.

Africa, preserve for big game in, 97.
thermal springs of, 161.

Alder Gulch, discovery of gold in, 66.

Algonquian family of Indians, 8.
territory, 37.

Altitudes in the Y. N. P., 154.

Alvarez, Spanish trader, 46, 49.

American Fur Company, historical sketch of, 34-5, 38.

American Fur Company, territory of, 35, 37.

Amethyst Mountain, 263.

Anderson, Captain G. S., eighth superintendent Y. N. P., 139.
plans capture of Howell, 143.
quoted, 273, 276.

Andesitic lava flows in Y. N. P., 157.

“Annie,” first boat on Y. Lake, 336.

Antelope, habitat of, in Y. N. P., 216.

Apollinaris Spring, 217.

Appropriations for the Y. N. P., 357.

Area of the Y. N. P., 148.

Arnold, A. J., member of Helena tourist party, 112, 120.

Arsenic Geyser, 220.

Artemesia Geyser, 228.

Arthur, Chester A., visits Y. N. P., 107, 371.

Assistant Superintendents, Y. N. P., 135.

Astor, John Jacob, and the American fur trade, 34.

Astorians, The, 21, 23.
departure of, for Pacific coast, 31
surrender to N. W. Fur Co., 33.

Astringent Creek, 143.

Atlantic Creek, 246.

Atmosphere of the Y. N. P., 199, 210.

Australia, thermal springs of, 161.

Autumn foliage in the Y. N. P., 192.

Baird, S. F., presents Lieutenant Doane’s report to Phil. Soc. of Washington, 83.

Bannock Indians, 8, 10.
incursion of, into Y. N. P., 126, 215.
territory of, 10.

Bannock Peak, 217.

Bannock Trail, 17, 24, 43.

Baring-Gould’s theory of geyser action, 166.

Barlow, Captain J. W., expedition of, 85-6, 291.
quoted, 6, 231, 344.
report of, 86.

Baronett, C. J., biographical sketch, 292.

Baronett’s Bridge burned, 124.
history of, 261.

Basaltic lava flows in Y. N. P., 157.

Bath Lake, 214.

Battle of trappers and Indians near Y. Lake, 49.

Battle of the Big Hole, 116.

Bays of the Y. Lake, 335.

Bears and tourists, 184.

Bear Creek, 70.

Beaver Lake, 219.

Bechler River, 151.

Bee Hive Geyser, 234.

Belknap, W. W., visits Y. N. P., 105.

Beryl Spring, 221.

Bibliography of the Y. N. P., 361.

Biddle Lake, first name for Jackson Lake, 331.

Big Game Ridge, 153.

Big Hole, Battle of the, 116.

Bighorn River, Lisa’s fort on, 29, 31.
source of, 188.

Big Thunder, Nez Percé chief, 113.

Birds in the Y. N. P., 185.

Biscuit Basin, 228.

Blackfeet Indians, 8, 9.
territory of, 8, 9, 18.
treaties with, 18, 19.

Black Growler, 175, 220.

Black Sand Basin, 230.

Blaine, J. G., introduces Langford at Washington lecture, 84.
signs Act of Dedication, 346.

Block house, ancient, in Y. N. P., 41.

Boat, first on Y. Lake, 337.

Boat ride on Y. Lake, 243.

Boiling River, 212.

Boiling Springs in Y. N. P., 174.

Bonneville, Captain, 37.
refers to Firehole River, 49, 316.

Bottler’s Ranch, 120.

Boundaries of the Y. N. P., 148, 278-280, 333.

Boutelle, Captain F. A., Seventh Superintendent of the Park, 139.

Bradbury, John, 3, 21.

Bradbury, John, interviews Colter, 28.

Bradley, F. H., quoted, 321, 331, 332, 333.

Bridge, Baronett. See Baronett’s Bridge.

Bridge Creek, 244.

Bridge, Natural, 244.

Bridge over the Y. River, 203.

Bridger, James, ability of as guide, 328.
biographical sketch, 327.
acquaintance of with Park country, 51, 52, 61.
disbelieved by the public, 53, 57.
guide to Captain Raynolds, 59.
his stories, 54-56.
partner in Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 36.
and Two-Ocean Pass, 61, 245.

British Fur Companies, strife between, 34.

British Fur Traders excluded from U. S. Territory, 34.

Bronze Geyser, 240.

Buffalo of Y. N. P., 143, 184.

Buildings at Mammoth Hot Springs, 209, 216.

Buildings in Y. N. P. in 1880, 132.

Bunsen Peak, 215.

Bunsen’s theory of geyser action, 163-5.

Burgess, Felix, government scout, 110.
arrests Howell, 143, 144.

“Burning Mountains,” 13, 16.

Cache Creek, name of, 70.

Calcareous Springs in the Y. N. P., 173.

California, discovery of gold in, 39, 100.

Camas Creek, Battle of, 116.

Camping in the Y. N. P., 205.

Canadian National Park, 97.

Canadian Niagara Park, 97.

Cañon Hotel, 253.

Capes of the Y. Lake, 336.

Carpenter, Frank and Ida, members of Radersburg tourist party, 112.
experiences of, with Nez Percés, 117-19.

Carpenter, R. E., Fourth Superintendent Y. N. P., 136.
removed from office, 136.

Cascade Creek, 180, 253.

Castle Geyser, 167, 230.

Cathedral Rock, 215.

Catlin, George, biographical sketch of, 87-8.
Indian Gallery of, 88.
originates Park idea, 89.
quoted, 88-9.

Chittenden, Lieutenant, H. M., measures height of Upper Fall, 326.

Chouteau, Valle & Co. buy out Astor, 35.

Clagett W. H., his work for Park bill, 92, 94.

Claimants for credit of originating Park idea, 90.

Clark’s Fork Mining District, 264.

Clark, Wm., gives names to Y. Lake and Jackson Lake, 24.
mentioned, 5, 21, 22.
receives information from Colter, 27, 31.

Cleopatra Spring, 214.

Climate of the Y. N. P., 189, 198.

Coast and Geodetic Survey, monument of, near Y. Lake, 248.

Cold-water geyser, 48.

Cole, Senator, remarks of, on Park bill, 94.

Colfax, Schuyler, signs Act of Dedication, 346.

Color of rock in Grand Cañon, 253.
water in Hot Springs, 172, 213.

Colter, John, adventure of, with the Blackfeet, 28-31.
character of, 21.
declines to join the Astorians, 31.
discovers Grand Cañon of the Y., 27.
discovers Jackson Lake, 24.
discovers Mammoth Hot Springs, 26.
discovers Tar Spring on the Stinkingwater, 23.
discovers Y. Lake, 24, 27.
gives Clark information, 31.
marries, 31.
receives discharge from Lewis and Clark, 20.
returns to St. Louis, 31.
whereabouts of, in winter of 1806-7, 22.

“Colter’s Hell,” 28, 31.

“Colter’s River,” 26.

“Colter’s Route in 1807,” 25-7.

Comet Geyser, 230.

Commission to examine into grievances of Nez Percé Indians, 114, 115.

Comstock, T. B., member of Captain Jones’ party in 1873, 105.

Comstock, T. B., his theory of geyser action, 166.
quoted 342, 343, 344.

Conant Creek, trail along, 12, 24.

Cone Geysers, 167.

Conger, P. H., Third Superintendent of Y. N. P., 131.
resigns, 136.

Congress abolishes civilian police force in Park, 137.

Congress Geyser, 220.

Congressional Reports on Y. N. P., 141.

Constant Geyser, 220.

Continental Divide, 151, 238.

Cook, C. W., Member of Folsom Party in 1869, 73.

Cooke City, 264.

“Corduroying” on snow-shoes, 195.

Cost of visiting Y. N. P., 274.

Cowan, Mr. and Mrs. George F., members Radersburg tourist party, 112.
experiences of, with Nez Percés, 118-120.
re-visit Park, 120.

Craig Pass, 238, 338.

Cretaceous Period in Y. N. P., 156.

Crevice Creek, 71.

Crook, General George, visits Park, 106.

Crosby, Schuyler, appeals to Congress for protection to Y. N. P., 133.
member of presidential party, 1883, 107.

Crow Indians, territory of, 8, 18.
treaties with, 18, 19.
tribal characteristics, 8.

Crystal Falls, 80, 253.

Cubs, The, 232.

Cupid’s Cave, 214.

Danger to future existence of Y. N. P., 281.

Dawes, Hon. H. L., 94, 336.

Dawes, Miss Anna L., 336.

Death Gulch, 264.

De Lacy Creek, 239.

De Lacy, W. W., discovers Lower Geyser Basin, 68.
discovers Shoshone Lake, 68.
history of his expedition, 67-69.

Deluge Geyser, 243.

Denudation and erosion, work of, in Y. N. P., 158.

“Devil,” frequency of name in Y. N. P., 287, 388.

Devil’s Kitchen, 214.

Diamond, The, Bridger’s story of, 35.

Dietrich, Richard, member of Helena tourist party, 111.
killed by Nez Percés, 122.

Dingee, William, member of Helena tourist party, 112.

Discovery of gold, 65, 66.

Discovery of the Y.,

72.
long delay in, 101.

Doane, Lieutenant G. C., ascends Absaroka Range, 80, 295.
biographical sketch, 294.
commands escort to Washburn Expedition, 14, 76.
descends Grand Cañon, 80.
guide to General Belknap, 105.
measures height of Upper Falls, 325.
quoted, 6, 14, 78, 175, 235, 237, 254, 261, 297, 325, 343.
report of, upon Washburn Expedition, 83.

Dome, The, 217.

Drainage areas of Y. N. P., 149.

“Dreamers” among the Nez Percés, 114.

Du Charne, Baptiste, upon the Upper Y. in 1824, 41.

Duncan, L., member of Helena tourist party, 1877, 111.

Dunnell, M. H., and Park bill, 93.

Dunraven, Earl of, 9.
publishes “Great Divide,” 295.
quoted, 96.
visits Y. N. P., 295.

Early knowledge of the Y., 50, 60.

East Gardiner Cañon and Falls, 215.

Echinus Geyser, 220.

Elephant Back, original name for Washburn Range, 152, 296.

Electric Peak, 152, 215.

Electric railways in Y. N. P., 204, 276, 277, 280, 365.

Elk in Y. N. P., 184, 280.

Elliott, H. W., 336, 337.

Emerald Pool (Norris Geyser Basin), 220.
(Upper Geyser Basin), 230.

Equipment for snow-shoe traveling, 195.

Erosion, work of, in Y. N. P., 158.

Eustis Lake, first name for Y. Lake, 335.

Eustis, William, 334.

Evermann, B. W., describes Two-Ocean Pass, 245.

Everts, Mt., 153, 215, 216.

Everts, T. C., experience of, in 1870, 81, 297.
member of Washburn Party, 76.

Excelsior Geyser, 226.

Expedition of 1869. See Folsom Expedition.
of 1870. See Washburn Expedition.

Explorations by U. S. Government, relation of to Y. N. P., 100.

Explorers, rush of, to Y. N. P., 103.

Face, profile of in Absaroka Range, 293.

Fairy Fall, 226.

Falls River, 151.
Basin, 154.

Falls of the Yellowstone described, 251, 254.
measurement of, 80, 105, 325-6.
not on Colter’s map, 27.

Fan Geyser, 229.

Fauna of the Y. N. P., 181.

Fearless Geyser, 220.

Firehole Cascade, 222.
Spring, 225.
River, 43, 150.

Fish Commission U. S., work of, in Y. N. P., 186.

Fishes of the Y. N. P., 185, 186.

Fishing Cone, story of, 56.

Fishing Cone, west shore Y. Lake, 242.

Fishless streams of the Y. N. P., 186.

Flora of the Y. N. P., 187.

Flow of water from Y. N. P., 190.

Flowers of the Y. N. P., 190.

Foller, August, member of Helena tourist party, 112.

Folsom, D. E., 73.
article by, in Western Monthly, 74.
measures Falls of the Y., 325.
quoted, 160, 241, 256.
suggests Park idea, 91.

Folsom Expedition, 72-4.

Forbes, S. A., quoted, 246.

Ford of the Y. River at Mud Geyser, 26, 249.
at Tower Creek, 261.

Forest and Stream, 145, 281, 383.

Forest Reserve, 148.

Forests of the Y. N. P., economic value of, 188.
effect of railroads upon, 272.
extent of, 187.
preservation of, 207.

Formations about geysers, 169.

Fort Yellowstone, 208, 216.

Fossil Forests of the Y., 177-180, 263.

Fountain Geyser, 167, 223.

Fountain geysers, 167.

Fountain Hotel, 223.

“Free trappers,” 37.

French name for Y. River, 2, 7.

French and Indian War, 4.

Friends of the Y. N. P., 281.

Frying Pan, 219.

Funds for the Y. N. P.; lack of, 128.

Fur companies, growth and history, 32-36.
territory controlled by, 37.

Fur trade, climax in, 32, 39.
competition in, 38.
decline of, 39, 100.
in its relation to western exploration, 32, 99, 100.

Gallatin Range, 152.

Gallatin River, 26, 150.

Game preserve, the Y. N. P. as a, 181.

Game in the Y. N. P., destruction of, 183.
killing of, prohibited, 134.
present condition of, 184, 383.
protection of, 181, 207.
tourists and, 184.

Gandy, Captain C. M., photographic work of, in Y. N. P., vii.

Gannett, Henry, measures heights of Falls, 326.
quoted, 293, 295, 296.

Gardiner’s Hole, 317.

Gardiner River, 150, 212.
early known to trappers, 43, 318.

Geographical names, importance of, 285.
policy of the U. S. G. S. in regard to, 286.
in the Y. N. P., 108, 285-6.

Geologic activity diminishing, 159.

Geology of the Y. N. P., 156-161.

Geyser action, theories concerning, 163-6.

“Geyser,” etymology of, 162.

Geyser regions of the world, 160-161.

Geysers, description of, 162.
formations about, 169.
Soaping, 165.
underground connection, 169.
water supply for, 169.

Giant Geyser, 167, 230.

Giantess Geyser, 167, 232.

“Giant’s Face,” 244.

Gibbon Cañon, 221.

Gibbon Falls, 222.

Gibbon, John, 104.
battle of, with Nez Percés, 116.

Gibbon Meadows, 221.

Gibbon Paintpots, 221.

Gibbon River, 104, 150, 221.

Gillette, W. C., member of Washburn Party, 76.

Glacial Epoch in Y. N. P., 158.

Glaciers, channels of, 158.

Glass Mountain, Bridger’s story, 54.

Gold, discovery of, 65.
in California, 39, 100.
in Idaho, 65.
in Montana, 65, 66.
in the Nez Percé Reservation, 113.

Golden Gate, 215.

Gold-seekers on the Yellowstone, 101.

Government officials and protection of Y. N. P., 282.

Grand Cañon of the Y., colors in, 6, 254.
Colter discovers the, 27.
description of, 253-8.
in winter, 257.

Grand Geyser, 167, 231.

Grand Teton, 153.
ascent of, 222, 309.
granite blocks near summit, 12, 222, 223.
name considered, 323.

Granite Block near Grand Cañon, 258.

Granite Blocks near summit of Grand Teton, 12, 222, 223.

Grant, U. S., signs Act of Dedication, 346.

Gray Peak, 217.

Great Bend of the Y., 6, 43.

Great Fountain Geyser, 167, 224.

Green River, 188.

Grinnell, G. B., 105.

Grotto Geyser, 229.

Grotto Spring, 249.

Gunnison, Captain J. W., and James Bridger, 52.
quoted, 52, 329.

Hague, Arnold, quoted, 160, 182, 286, 290, 306, 321.
referred to, 245, 322.

Hancock, Gen. W. S., 76, 300.

Harris, Captain Moses, quoted, 284.
Sixth Superintendent Y. N. P., 138.

Hart Lake, 151, 242
Geyser Basin, 243.

Hauser, S. T., descends Grand Cañon, 80.
member of Washburn Party, 76.

Hayden and Barlow discover Mammoth Hot Springs, 85.
route of, 85, 86.

Hayden Expedition of 1871, 85, 86.
results, 86.

Hayden Expeditions of 1872 and 1878, 103.

Hayden, F. V., biographical sketch, 338-340.
connection of, with Park bill, 86, 92, 93, 95.
explorations of, in Y. N. P., 85, 103.
geologist to Captain Raynolds, 59.
quoted, 6, 95, 213, 286, 293, 294, 296, 301, 307, 314, 317, 330, 332, 341.
referred to, 245.

Hayden Valley, 154, 250.

Haynes, F. J., accompanies Presidential party, 107, 371.
winter tours of Y. N. P., 109.
work of, in Y. N. P., vii.

Health resort, Y. N. P. as a, 199.

Heap, Captain D. P., with Captain Barlow, 1871, 85.

Hedges, Cornelius, member of Washburn Party, 76, 83.
quoted, 32, 76, 249, 320.
originates National Park project, 91.

Helena Herald, and Washburn Expedition, 83.

Helena tourists, 1877, 111.
experiences of, with Nez Percés, 121, 122.

Hell Roaring Creek, 71, 287.

Henry, Andrew, fur trader, 330.

Henry, Joseph, quoted, 89.

Henry Lake, 330.
Howard’s command at, 116.

Highland Plateau, 153.

Holmes, Mount, 217.

Holmes, Wm. H., quoted, 306.

Hoodoo Region, 265.

Hostility to the Y. N. P., vi., 267-9.

Hotel system of Y. N. P., 204.

Hot Spring, color of water in, 172, 213.

Hot Springs of the Y. N. P., 162, 172-5.

Hot Springs and Geysers, water supply for, 169.

Hot Springs in Grand Cañon, 254.

Hough, E., connection of, with the Howell episode, 145, 383.
quoted, 258.
winter tour of, through Y. N. P., 110, 145.

Howard, General O. O., and Nez Percé campaign, 106, 115, 116, 123.

“Howard’s Trail,” 126.

Howell the Poacher, capture and conviction of, 144-6.

Hoyt, J. W., expedition of,

15, 106.

Hudson’s Bay Fur Company, historical sketch 33-5.
territory of, 34, 37.

Hurricane, The, 220.

Huston, George, crosses Park country, 71.

Iceland, thermal springs of, 161.

Idaho, admission of, to Union, 282.

Indians and name Yellowstone, 3, 7, 16.
implements of, in Y. N. P., 12.
knowledge of, concerning the geyser regions, 8, 13-17, 98.
title of, to Y. N. P., 19.
traditions of, concerning Y. N. P., 16.
trails of, in Y. N. P., 11, 12, 13.
treaties with, 18, 19.
tribes of, near Y. N. P., 8.
visits of, to Park country, 17.

Inscription on pine tree near Grand Cañon, 40, 251.

Inspiration Point, 254.

Invalids at Mammoth Hot Springs in 1871, 200, 212.

Irving, Washington, quotes Bradbury, 28.

Isa Lake, 238.

Islands of Y. Lake, 335.

Itasca State Park, 97.

Jackson, David, fur trader, 36.

Jackson Lake, first named by Wm. Clark, 24, 331.
discovered, 24.
mentioned, 152, 222.

Jackson, W. H., photographer in Y. N. P., vii.

Jefferson Fork, scene of Colter’s adventure, 29.

Jefferson, Thomas, 1.

Jewel Geyser, 228.

Jones Creek, 104.

Jones, Captain W. A., discovers and names Two-Gwo-Tee Pass, 105.
discovers Two-Ocean Pass, 104, 245.
expedition of, 15, 104.
first to cross Absaroka Range, 104.
measures Y. Falls, 326.
names mountains east of Park, 289.
quoted, 6.

Joseph, Non-treaty Nez Percé chief, 113, 126.
estimate of his character, 301.

Joseph Peak, 217.

Junction Butte, 261.

Junction Valley, 154, 263.

Jupiter Terrace, 214.

Kansas City Journal, editor of, rejects Bridger’s statements, 53.

Kenck, Charles, member Helena Tourist Party, 112.
killed by Nez Percés, 122.

Kepler Cascade, 237.

Killing of game in Y. N. P. prohibited, 134.

Kingman, Lieutenant D. C., prepares project for Park road system, 140.
quoted, 271.
reports of, 140.

Kingman Pass, 215.

Lake Shore Geyser, 242.

Lake View, 240.

Lakes of the Y. N. P., 151.

Lamar River, 150.
Cañon of, 263.

Langford, N. P., 27, 55.
advocates Park project, 92.
ascends Absaroka Range, 80, 295.
ascends Grand Teton, 222, 309.
biographical sketch of, 302.
first Superintendent Y. N. P., 129.
lectures on the Washburn Expedition, 84.
measures height of Lower Fall, 325.
member of the Washburn Expedition, 75.
publishes articles on Washburn Expedition, 84.
quoted, 92, 232, 305, 312, 317.
reprints Folsom’s article, 74.
work of, for Park Bill, 92-3.

Laws for Y. N. P., lack of, 127.

Leases, Act of 1894 regulating, 141, 352.
of land to Y. N. P. Improvement Co., 132.
and privileges in Y. N. P., 132, 207.
revenue from, 128.

Lewis and Clark among the Mandans, 1.
expedition of, 101.
give Colter his discharge, 20.
and North-west Fur Co., traders, 33.
use name “Yellow Stone,” 1, 2.
quoted, 20.
return journey of, 20.
send report to President Jefferson, 1.

Lewis Lake, 151.

Lewis, Meriwether, kills a Blackfoot Indian, 9.

Lewis River, 151.

Liberty Cap, 214.

“Life in the Rocky Mountains,” referred to, 44.
quoted from, 44, 48.

Lincoln Pass, 23.

Linton, Edwin, quoted, 247.

Lion Geyser, 232.

Lioness Geyser, 232.

Lisa, Manuel, at mouth of Bighorn River, 29.

Locomotive Spring, 220.

Lone Star Geyser, 167, 237.

“Lone Traders,” 37.

Looking Glass, Nez Percé chief, 113.

Lookout Hill, 214.

Lookout Point, 254.

Louisiana, cession of to U. S., 3.

Lower Fall of the Y., described, 254.
recorded measurements of, 325-6

Lower Geyser Basin, 223.

Ludlow, Captain William, explorations of, 105.
measures Falls of Y., 105, 326.
quoted, 209, 253, 297.
report of, 105.

Mackenzie, theory of geyser action, 166.

Madison Lake, 237, 333.

Madison Plateau, 153.

Madison River, 150.

Madison Valley, 154.

Mammoth Hot Springs, buildings at, 209, 216.
described, 173, 212.
discovery of, 26, 85.

Mandan Indians, 1, 2, 4.

Mann, Charles, member of Radersburg Tourist party, 112.

Map of Y. N. P., vii.

Map, Raynolds’, 63.

Marten traps, discovery of cache of, 41.

Mason, Major J. W., commands escort to Governor Hoyt, 106.

Maynadier, Lieutenant, commands detachment of Raynolds Party, 59, 60.
quoted, 62.

McCartney, C. J., attacked by Nez Percés, 123.

McCartney Cave, 214.

Meek, Joseph, adventures of, 42.

Members of Congress from States near Park, 282-3.

Mexico, war with, 39, 100.

Middle Gardiner Falls and Cañon, 215.

Midway Geyser Basin, 226.

Mileage of Park Road System, 202.

Miles, General N. A., intercepts and captures Nez Percés, 124.

Mineral Springs of the Y. N. P., therapeutic value of, 199

Minerva Terrace, 214.

Minnetaree, Indian dialect, 7.

Minute Man, 220.

Mirror Plateau, 153.

Missouri Fur Co., 29, 35.

Missouri Gazette, extract from, 21, 23.

Missouri River, 1, 4, 150, 188.

Missouri River, fur trade along, 35.

Mi tsi a-da-zi, Indian name for Yellowstone, 7.

Monarch Geyser, 220.

Montana Territory, becomes a state, 288.
early explorations in, 3.
emigration to, 66.
population of, in 1862, 66.

Monument Geyser Basin, 221.

Monument, survey, 248.

Moore, Charles, sketches by, 168.
records height of Falls, 326.

Moran, Thomas, painting by, 256.
quoted, 256.

Mormon emigration, 39, 100.

Morning Glory, 229.

Mound, artificial in Y. N. P., 12.

Mountain sheep of Y. N. P., 216.

Mountain stream of hot water, Bridger’s story, 55.

Mountain Systems of the West, formation of, 156.
of the Y. N. P., 151, 152.

Mud Geyser, Norris Geyser Basin, 220.
Y. River, 249,

Mud Volcano, 248.

Mystic Fall, 228.

Names of Hot Springs and Geysers, 287.

Narrow Gauge Terrace, 214.

National Park project, origin of, 87-92.

National Park Protective Act, 110, 141-5, 348.

National Parks on sites of battle-fields, 97.

Natural Bridge, 244.

Navigation of Y. Lake and River, 203.

New Crater Geyser, 220.

New York Tribune quotes Langford on Park project, 92.

New Zealand, thermal springs of, 97, 161.

Nez Percé Creek, 126, 150, 223.

Nez Percé Indians attack Y. N. P. tourists, 118, 121.
cede territory to U. S., 113.
characteristics of, 114.
fate of, 126.
impress white man as guide, 14.
incursion of, into Y. N. P., 117-123, 215.
surrender to Miles, 124.
territory of, 112.
treaties with, 113.

Nez Percé War, beginning of, 115.
causes of, 112, 115.
criticism upon, 125.
statistics of, 125.

Niagara Falls compared with the Falls of the Y., 251, 254.
original sketch of, 168.

Niagara Park, Canadian, 97.
New York State, 97.

Non-treaty Nez Percés, 113.

Norris, P. W., biographical sketch of, 303.
builds road of volcanic glass, 218.
criticism of his work, 131.
discoveries of, 40, 41, 108, 130.
names Dunraven Peak after himself, 295.
quoted, 15, 218, 265, 307, 314, 324, 331, 343.
road work of, 130.
second Superintendent Y. N. P., 14, 129, 130.
writings of, 131.

Norris Geyser Basin, 220, 340.
discovery of, 340.

North-west Fur Company and name “Yellowstone,” 4.
sketch of, 33.

Oblong Geyser, 230.

Obsidian Cliff, 217.
first road past, 218.
Indian quarry at, 12, 217.

Old Faithful, 167, 234-6.
discovery of, 82.

Oldham, Albert, member Radersburg tourist party, 112.

“Old Man of the Mountains,” 244.

Orange Geyser, 214.

Original sketches of Park scenery, 168, 169.

Orographic agencies, work of, in Park, 157.

Overhead sounds near Y. Lake, 246.

Pacific Creek, 246.

Pacific Fur Co., 34.

Paintpots described, 174.
on west shore Y. Lake, 242.

Peale, A. C., quoted, 13, 323, 344.
work of, in Y. N. P., 361, 363.

Pearl Geyser, 220.

Pend d’Oreilles Indians in geyser basins, 14, 45.

Peterson, W., member of Folsom party, 73.

Petrifactions in Y. N. P., Bridger’s story, 56.
perfection of, 179.

Pfister, Frederick, member of Helena tourist party, 112.

Phillips, W. H., connection of, with Y. N. P., 281.

Photography of Grand Cañon, 256.

Pierre Janne. See Roche Janne.

Pierre’s Hole, 24.

Pike, Z. M., gives Spanish translation of Pierre Janne, 5.

Pine, prevalence of, in Y. N. P., 188.

Pine tree inscribed with date 1819, 40, 251.

Pitchstone Plateau, 153.

Plateaus of the Y. N. P., 153.

Platte River, 188.

Poe, General O. M., 105.
quoted, 287.

Pompey’s Pillar, 5.

Potts, companion of Colter, 29.

Precedent, effect of, upon future of Y. N. P, 284.

Presidential Party of 1883, 107, 371.

Prismatic Lake, 227.

Private interests and Y. N. P., 280.

Prospecting expeditions in the Upper Y., 7, 66-71.

Prospectors, unknown, slain by Nez Percés, 121.

Protection of game, 181, 207.

Protective Act, Y. N. P., 110, 141.

Public business in Y. N. P., 139.

Pulpit Terrace, 214.

Punch bowl, 230.

Pryor’s Fork, 22.

Pryor’s Gap, 23, 24.

Quadrant Mountain, 217.

Quiescent Springs, 172-3.

Radersburg tourist party, 1877, 112.
experiences of, with Nez Percés, 117-120.

Railroads and the Y. N. P., 133, 270-6, 280, 365.

Rapids of the Y. River, 251.

Raymond, R. W., quoted, 6.

Raynolds, Captain W. F., expedition of, 58, 59, 101.
map of, 62.
quoted, 60, 61, 62.
report of, 63.

Red Mountain Range, 152.

Rendezvous in the fur trade, 36.

Reservoir, Y. Lake as a, 190.

Rhyolitic rocks in Y. N. P., 157.

“River of the West,” 42.
quoted from, 42, 317.

River sources in and near Y. N. P., 188.

Riverside Geyser, 229.

Road system of the Y. N. P., 140, 201-7.

Roberts, Joseph, member of Helena tourist party, 112.

Roche Janne, French name for Y. River, 2, 3, 7.

Rocky Mountains ascended by De La Verendrye, 4.

Rocky Mountain Fur Company sketch, of, 36, 38.
territory of, 36, 37.

Routes from the east to the Pacific Coast, 100.

Rules and Regulations for the Y. N. P., 354.

Rustic Falls, 215.

Rustic Geyser, old logs around, 13, 243.

Sapphire Pool, 228.

Sawmill Geyser, 230.

Scenery of the Y. N, P., 155, 209.
in winter, 197.

Scenic portion of tourist route, 260.

Schemes to destroy the Y. N. P., 268.

Schofield, Lieutenant, meets Radersburg tourists, 120.

Schurz, Carl, visits Park, 106.

Schwatka, Frederick, attempts winter journey through Y. N. P., 108.

Seasons in the Y. N. P., 193, 199

Secretary of the Interior applies for military aid, 137.
instruction of, to first superintendent, 270.

Segregation projects, 133, 278, 280, 365.

Sepulcher Mountain, 215.

Sequoia National Park, 97.

Sheepeater Indians, 8, 18, 306.
characteristics of, 10, 11.
ignorant of geyser regions, 15.
number of, 17.
original occupants of park country, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17.
relics of, 13.

Sheridan Mt., 15, 152, 242.
an extinct volcano, 156.

Sheridan, General P. H., aids exploration and discovery, 75.
gives public warning of dangers to Park, 106, 133.
quoted, 15.
visits Park, 106, 107.

Sherman, General W. T., quoted, 111, 256.
visits Park, 105.

Shively, Nez Percé guide, 123.

Shoshonean family of Indians, 8.
territory, 37.

Shoshone Indians, 8, 18.
characteristics of, 9, 10.
Spanish articles among, 5.
treaty with, 18.

Shoshone Geyser Basin, 239.

Shoshone Lake, 151, 239, 333.

Shoshone Point, 239.

Sierra Shoshone Range, 152.

Silica, its function in geyser formation, 170.

Siouan family of Indians, 8.
territory, 37.

Ski, Norwegian snow-shoe, 194.

Slough Creek, 71.

Smith, Jacob, member of Washburn Party, 76.

Smith, Jedediah, fur trader, 36.

Snake Creek, battle of, 124.

Snake River, 26, 150.

Snowfall in Y. N. P., 193.

Snow-shoe traveling in Y. N. P., 194, 195, 196.

Snowy Range, 152.

Soaping Geysers, 165, 343.

Soda Butte, 264.
Cañon, 264.
Creek, 150.

Soda Spring, 221.

Solar eclipse of 1860, 59.

South-west Fur Co., 35.

Spanish traders and name “Yellowstone,” 5.

Specimen Ridge, 179, 180, 263.

Spike Geyser, 243.

Splendid Geyser, 230.

Sponge, The, 232.

Spring Creek Cañon, 238.

Spurgin, Captain W. F., builds road for Howard across Y. N. P., 124, 126.

Stage rides in Y. N. P., 277.

Stanley, E. J., quoted, 322.

Stanton, Captain W. S., makes reconnaissance through Y. N. P., 106.

Steady Geyser, 225.

Steamboat, first to reach mouth of Y. River, 87.

Steamboat Spring, 175, 244.

Steam vents, 175.

Stevenson, James, ascends Grand Teton, 222, 309.
biographical sketch, 307-308.
builds first boat on Y. Lake, 337.

Stewart, J., member of Helena party of tourists, 112.

Stickney, Benj., member of Washburn party, 76.
descends to bottom of Grand Cañon, 80.

Stinking Cabin Creek, 322.

Stone, Benj., experience of with Nez Percés, 123.
member Helena party of tourists, 112.

Stone, Mrs. H. H., first white woman to visit Park, 340.

Streams of Y. N. P., fish in, 186.

Strong, Gen. W. E., accompanies Secretary Belknap to Y. N. P., 105.

Stuart, James, 65, 70.

Sturgis, General S. D., attacks Nez Percés, 124.
fails to intercept Nez Percés, 124.

Sublette Lake, early name for Y. Lake, 335.

Sublette, William, fur trader, 36.

Subterranean heat, origin of, 158.

Sulphur Mountain, 249.
Spring, 250.

Superintendents of the Park, duties of, 206, 207.
list of, 359.

Swan Lake, 217.
Flats, 154.

Talmage, T. DeWitt, quoted, 253, 257.

Temperatures in Y. N. P., 198.

Terraces, formation of, 173, 212.

Terrace Mountain, 215.

Tertiary Period in Y. N. P., 156.

Teton, Grand. See Grand Teton.

Teton Pass, 24.

Teton Range, 152, 222, 243.

Therapeutic value of springs in Y. N. P., 199.

Thermal activity in Y. N. P. not diminishing, 160.

Thermal springs, geographical distribution of, 160.

Third Cañon of the Y., 266.

Thompson, David, and name “Yellowstone,” 1, 2.
and source of Y. River, 2.

Thumb of Y. Lake, 241, 335.

Topping, E. S., quoted, 313, 315.

Tour of the Y. N. P., best season for, 210.

Tourists and wild animals in Y. N. P., 184.

Tourists’ season in Y. N. P., 193.

Tower Falls, 261.
discovered, 78.

Transportation in the Y. N. P., 204.

Trappers ignorant of geyser regions, 99.

Treaties with Indians, 18, 19.

Tree inscribed with date 1819, 40, 251.

Trees of Y. N. P., 187.

Trout Creek, serpentine course of, 249.

Trout in Y. Lake, 186.

Trumbull, Walter, member Washburn Party, 76.
publications by, 83, 84.
sketches by, 169.

Tukuarika, native name for Sheepeater Indians, 8, 10.

Turban Geyser, 230.

Turquoise Spring, 227.

Twin Buttes, 225.

Twin Lakes, 219.

Two-Gwo-Tee Pass, 105.

Two-Ocean Pass, 59, 105, 245, 333.
crossed by fish, 186.
discovered, 104, 245.

Tyndall, John, quoted, 174.

Union Geyser, 167, 239.
Pass, 23, 59.

U. S. Geological Survey, explorations under, 103.
measurements by, of height of Falls, 326.
names by, in Y. N. P., 286.

Unknown visitor to geyser basins in 1833, 14, 44.

Upper Fall of the Y., 251.

Upper Geyser Basin, 228.
discovery of, 82.
visited in 1833, 44.

Valleys of the Y. N. P., 153.

Vandalism in the Y. N. P., 207.

Verendrye, Chevalier de la, explorations of, 4.

Vest, Senator G. C., connection of with Y. N. P., 281.
member Presidential party, 1883, 107.
quoted, 282.

Virginia Cascade, 220.

Visitors to Y. N. P. in 1883, 107.

Vixen Geyser, 220.

Volcanic rocks in Y. N. P., 157.

War of Rebellion, 63.

War with Mexico, 100.

Washburn Expedition of 1870, history of, 75-84.
organization of, 75-7.
results of, 84.
revives Park idea, 90.

Washburn, General H. D., biographical sketch, 311.
chief of Washburn Expedition, 75.
“notes” of, upon Washburn Expedition, 83.
quoted, 325.

Washburn, Mt., 152, 260.
an extinct volcano, 156.

Washburn Range, 17,152.
original name of, 152.
on Colter’s map, 26.

Wasp, The, 48.

Watchmen at Park hotels in winter, 194.

Water-falls of Y. N. P., 151, 324.

Wear, D. W., Fifth Superintendent Y. N. P., 137.

Weed, W. H., quoted, 264.

Weikert, A. J., member of Helena tourist party, 111.

Weikert, A. J., experience of, with Nez Percés, 123-6.

We-Saw, Shoshone Indian, 15.

West Shore geyser basin, 242.

White Bird, Nez Percé chief, 113.

White Elephant, 214.

Wilkie, Leslie, member Helena tourist party, 112.

Willow Park, 154, 217.

Wingate, G. W., quoted, 190.

Winter journeys through the Y. N. P., 108.

Winter in the Y. N. P., 197, 198.

Witch Creek, 243.

Wyeth, Nathaniel J., 37.

Wyoming, admission of, to Union, 282,347.

Wyoming Territory attempts to protect Park, 134, 135.

“Yancey’s,” 263.

“Yellowstone,” origin of name, 1-7.
Spanish translation of, 5, note.

Yellowstone, first steamboat at mouth of Y. River, 87.

Yellowstone, discovery of the, 72.
early knowledge of the, 40, 50, 60.
fossil forests of the, 177-180, 263.
gold-seekers on the, 101.
Grand Cañon of, colors in, 6, 254.
Third Cañon of the, 266.
Upper, prospecting expeditions on the, 66-71.
Upper, why so long unknown, 99, 101.

Yellowstone Falls, compared with Niagara, 251, 254.
Lower, 251, 254.
measurement of heights, 80, 325-6.
Upper, 261.

Yellowstone Lake, 151, 240, 241.
bays of, 333.
boat ride on, 243.
capes of, 336.
compared with other lakes, 241.
discovered, 24, 27, 80.
first boat on, 337.
form of, 240.
islands of, 335.
monument on shore of, 248.
names of, 334.
navigation of, 203.
overhead sounds near, 246.
reservoir possibilities of, 190.
thumb, of, 241.
trout of, 186.

Yellowstone National Park, administration of, 206.
administrative history of, 127-148.
altitudes in, 154.
area of, 148.
Assistant Superintendents of, 135.
atmosphere of, 210.
autumn foliage of, 192.
basaltic lava flows in, 157.
birds, 185.
boundaries of, 148, 278-280.
buffalo of, 143, 184.
buildings of, in 1880, 132.
calcareous springs of, 173.
camping in, 205.
climate of, 189, 198.
Congressional Reports on, 141.
cost of visiting, 274.
Cretaceous Period in, 156.
danger to future existence of, 281.
drainage areas of, 149.
economic importance of, 190.
electric railways in, 204, 276-280.
elk in, 280.
exploration of, 103, 108.
fauna of, 181.
fishes of, 185-6.
flora of, 187.
flow of water from, 190.
flowers of, 190.
forests of, 187, 188.
fossil forests of, 177-180, 263.
friends of, 281.
funds for, 128.
game in, 134, 181-4, 207.
geographical names in, 108, 285-6.
geology of, 156.
Glacial Epoch in, 158.
healthfulness of, 199.
hostility to, vi, 267, 269.
hotel system of, 204.
hot springs of, 172-5.
Indian knowledge of. See Indian.
lakes of the, 151.
laws for, 127.
leases in, 141, 207.
mineral springs of, 199.
mountain systems of, 151-2.
nature of country in, 16, 17.
Nez Percé incursion into, 117, 123, 215.
petrifactions in, 56, 179.
plateaus of, 153.
private interests and, 280.
Protective Act, 110, 141.
public business in, 139.
railroads and. See Railroads.
rhyolitic rocks in, 157.
road system of, 201.
rules and regulations for, 354.
scenery of, 155, 197, 209, 260.
schemes to destroy, 268.
season for tour of, 210.
seasons of, 199.
snow in, 193.
snow-shoe traveling in, 194-6.
source of great rivers near, 188.
stage rides through the, 277.
Superintendents of, 206-7, 359.
Tertiary Period in, 156.
thermal springs of, 161.
tour of, 210, et seq.
tourist transportation in, 204.
trees of, 187.
valleys of, 153.
vandalism in, 207.
visitors to, in 1883, 107.
volcanic rocks in, 157.
water falls of, 324.
winter in, 193, 197, 198.
winter journeys through, 108.

Yellowstone Park Association, 140.

Yellowstone Park Improvement Company, 132, 139, 140.

Yellowstone River, 149, 250, 256.
bridge over, 203.
color of banks, 5, 6.
flow of, 150.
fords, 26, 249, 261.
Great Bend of, 6, 43.
junction of, with Gardiner, 211.
navigation of, 203.
source of, 2, 188.

Yosemite Wonderland, 90, 94, 97, 253.

Young Hopeful, 225.

Yount Peak, source of the Y. River, 2, 149.

Zillah, The, tourist boat on Y. Lake, 336.

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