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Aviation Engines

by Victor Wilfred Pagé

231 sections · Download EPUB

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  1. 1Preface
  2. 2Epigraph · Chapter I — Brief Consideration of Aircraft Types
  3. 3Essential Requirements of Aerial Motors
  4. 4Aerial Motors Must Be Light
  5. 5Factors Influencing Power Needed
  6. 6Why Explosive Motors Are Best
  7. 7Historical
  8. 8Main Types of Internal-Combustion Engines
  9. 9Classification by Cylinder Arrangement
  10. 10Chapter II
  11. 11Operating Principles of Two- and Four-Stroke Cycle Engines
  12. 12The Two-Cycle and Four-Cycle Types
  13. 13Theory of the Gas and Gasoline Engine
  14. 14Early Gas Engine Forms
  15. 15The Isothermal Law
  16. 16The Adiabatic Law
  17. 17Temperature Computations
  18. 18Heat and Its Work
  19. 19Conversion of Heat to Power
  20. 20Requisites for Best Power Effect
  21. 21Chapter III
  22. 22Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines
  23. 23Various Measures of Efficiency
  24. 24Temperatures and Pressures
  25. 25Factors Governing Economy
  26. 26Losses in Wall Cooling
  27. 27Value of Indicator Cards
  28. 28Compression in Explosive Motors
  29. 29Factors Limiting Compression
  30. 30Chart for Determining Compression Pressures
  31. 31Causes of Heat Loss and Inefficiency in Explosive Motors
  32. 32Heat Losses to Cooling Water
  33. 33Chapter IV
  34. 34Engine Parts and Functions
  35. 35Why Multiple Cylinder Forms Are Best
  36. 36Describing Sequence of Operations
  37. 37Four- and Six-Cylinder Engines
  38. 38Actual Duration of Different Strokes
  39. 39Eight- and Twelve-Cylinder V Engines
  40. 40Radial Cylinder Arrangements
  41. 41Rotary Engines
  42. 42Chapter V
  43. 43Stewart Metering Pin Carburetor
  44. 44Multiple Nozzle Vaporizers
  45. 45Ball and Ball Two-Stage Carburetor
  46. 46Master Multiple-Jet Carburetor
  47. 47Compound Nozzle Zenith Carburetor
  48. 48Utility of Gasoline Strainers
  49. 49Intake Manifold Design and Construction
  50. 50Compensating for Varying Atmospheric Conditions
  51. 51How High Altitude Affects Power
  52. 52The Diesel System
  53. 53Notes on Carburetor Installation in Airplanes
  54. 54Notes on Carburetor Adjustment
  55. 55Chapter VI
  56. 56Early Ignition Systems
  57. 57Electrical Ignition Best
  58. 58Fundamentals of Magnetism Outlined
  59. 59Forms of Magnets and Zone of Magnetic Influence Defined
  60. 60How Iron and Steel Bars Are Made Magnetic
  61. 61Electricity and Magnetism Closely Related
  62. 62Basic Principles of Magneto Outlined
  63. 63Essential Parts of a Magneto and Their Functions
  64. 64The Transformer System Uses Low Voltage Magneto
  65. 65True High-Tension Magnetos Are Self-Contained
  66. 66The Berling Magneto
  67. 67Setting Berling Magneto
  68. 68Wiring the Magneto
  69. 69Care and Maintenance
  70. 70Locating Trouble
  71. 71The Dixie Magneto
  72. 72Care of the Dixie Magneto
  73. 73Timing of the Dixie Magneto
  74. 74Spark-Plug Design and Application
  75. 75Two-Spark Ignition
  76. 76Special Plugs for Airplane Work
  77. 77Chapter VII
  78. 78Why Lubrication Is Necessary
  79. 79Friction Defined
  80. 80Theory of Lubrication
  81. 81Derivation of Lubricants
  82. 82Properties of Cylinder Oils
  83. 83Factors Influencing Lubrication System Selection
  84. 84Gnome Type Engines Use Castor Oil
  85. 85Hall-Scott Lubrication System
  86. 86Draining Oil From Crank-Case
  87. 87Oil Supply by Constant Level Splash System
  88. 88Dry Crank-Case System Best for Airplane Engines
  89. 89Why Cooling Systems Are Necessary
  90. 90Cooling Systems Generally Applied
  91. 91Cooling by Positive Water Circulation
  92. 92Water Circulation by Natural System
  93. 93Direct Air-Cooling Methods
  94. 94Air-Cooled Engine Design Considerations
  95. 95Chapter VIII
  96. 96Knight Slide Valve Motor
  97. 97Valve Timing
  98. 98Blowing Back
  99. 99Lead Given Exhaust Valve
  100. 100Exhaust Closing, Inlet Opening
  101. 101Closing the Inlet Valve
  102. 102Time of Ignition
  103. 103How an Engine Is Timed
  104. 104Gnome “Monosoupape” Valve Timing
  105. 105Springless Valves
  106. 106Four Valves per Cylinder
  107. 107Chapter IX
  108. 108Constructional Details of Pistons
  109. 109Aluminum for Cylinders and Pistons
  110. 110Piston Ring Construction
  111. 111Leak-Proof Piston Rings
  112. 112Keeping Oil Out of Combustion Chambers
  113. 113Connecting Rod Forms
  114. 114Cam-Shaft and Crank-Shaft Design
  115. 115Ball-Bearing Crank-Shafts
  116. 116Engine-Base Construction
  117. 117Chapter X
  118. 118Defects in Oiling Systems
  119. 119Defects in Cooling Systems Outlined
  120. 120Some Causes of Noisy Operation
  121. 121Brief Summary of Hints for Starting Engine
  122. 122Location of Engine Troubles Made Easy
  123. 123Ignition System Troubles Only
  124. 124Motor Stops Without Warning
  125. 125Motor Runs Irregularly or Misfires
  126. 126Defects in Electrical System Components
  127. 127Carburetion System Faults Summarized
  128. 128Motor Stops in Flight
  129. 129Motor Races, Will Not Throttle Down
  130. 130Motor Misfires
  131. 131Noisy Operation
  132. 132Chapter XI
  133. 133Tools for Adjusting and Erecting
  134. 134Forms of Wrenches
  135. 135Use and Care of Files
  136. 136Split Pin Removal and Insertion
  137. 137Complete Chisel Set
  138. 138Drilling Machines
  139. 139Drills, Reamers, Taps and Dies
  140. 140Measuring Tools
  141. 141Micrometer Calipers and Their Use
  142. 142Typical Tool Outfits
  143. 143Special Hall-Scott Tools
  144. 144Overhauling Airplane Engines
  145. 145Defects in Cylinders
  146. 146Carbon Deposits, Their Cause and Prevention
  147. 147Use of Carbon Scrapers
  148. 148Burning Out Carbon With Oxygen
  149. 149Repairing Scored Cylinders
  150. 150Valve Removal and Inspection
  151. 151Reseating and Truing Valves
  152. 152Valve Grinding Processes
  153. 153Depreciation in Valve Operating Systems
  154. 154Piston Troubles
  155. 155Piston Ring Manipulation
  156. 156Fitting Piston Rings
  157. 157Wrist Pin Wear
  158. 158Inspection and Refitting of Engine Bearings
  159. 159Adjusting Main Bearings
  160. 160Scraping Brasses to Fit
  161. 161Fitting Connecting Rods
  162. 162Sprung Cam-Shaft
  163. 163Precautions in Reassembling Parts
  164. 164Testing Bearing Parallelism
  165. 165Cam-Shafts and Timing Gears
  166. 166Chapter XII
  167. 167Aviation Engine Types
  168. 168Anzani Engines
  169. 169Canton and Unné Engine
  170. 170Construction of Early Gnome Motor
  171. 171Gnome “Monosoupape” Type
  172. 172Gnome Fuel System, Ignition and Lubrication
  173. 173German “Gnome” Type Engine
  174. 174The Le Rhone Motor
  175. 175The Renault Air-Cooled Vee Engine
  176. 176Simplex Model “A” Hispano-Suiza
  177. 177Sturtevant Model 5a 140 Horse-Power Engine
  178. 178Specifications — Model 5a Type 8
  179. 179The Curtiss Aviation Motors
  180. 180Thomas-Morse Model 88 Engine
  181. 181Sixteen-Valve Duesenberg Engine
  182. 182Aeromarine Six-Cylinder Vertical Motor
  183. 183Wisconsin Aviation Engines
  184. 184Principal Dimensions
  185. 185Twelve-Cylinder Engine
  186. 186Hall-Scott Aviation Engines
  187. 187German Airplane Motors
  188. 188Mercedes Motor
  189. 189The Benz Motor
  190. 190Austro-Daimler Engine
  191. 191Sunbeam Aviation Engines
  192. 192Indicating Meters for Auxiliary Systems
  193. 193Compressed Air-Starting Systems
  194. 194Electric Starting Systems
  195. 195Battery Ignition System Parts
  196. 196List of Illustrations
  197. 197Automobiles and Motorcycles
  198. 198Automobile and Motorcycle Charts
  199. 199Aviation
  200. 200Glossary of Aviation Terms
  201. 201Brazing and Soldering
  202. 202Charts
  203. 203Coke
  204. 204Compressed Air
  205. 205Concrete
  206. 206Dictionaries
  207. 207Electricity
  208. 208Factory Management, etc.
  209. 209Fuel
  210. 210Gearing and Cams
  211. 211Hydraulics
  212. 212Ice and Refrigeration
  213. 213Inventions — Patents
  214. 214Knots
  215. 215Lathe Work
  216. 216Liquid Air
  217. 217Locomotive Engineering
  218. 218Machine-Shop Practice
  219. 219Manual Training
  220. 220Marine Engineering
  221. 221Pattern Making
  222. 222Perfumery
  223. 223Recipe Book
  224. 224Rubber
  225. 225Saws
  226. 226Steam Engineering
  227. 227Steam Heating and Ventilation
  228. 228Steel
  229. 229Tractors
  230. 230Turbines
  231. 231Watch Making — Welding

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