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Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci

by Leonardo da Vinci

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  1. 1Volume 1 — Preface
  2. 2F. P. R · Contents of Volume I — Prolegomena and General Introducti…
  3. 3II — Linear Perspective
  4. 4III — Six Books on Light and Shade
  5. 5IV — Perspective of Disappearance
  6. 6V — Theory of Colours
  7. 7VI — Perspective of Colour and Aerial Perspective
  8. 8VII — On the Proportions and on the Movements of the Human Figure
  9. 9VIII — Botany for Painters, and Elements of Landscape Painting
  10. 10IX — The Practice of Painting
  11. 11X — Studies and Sketches for Pictures and Decorations
  12. 12Introduction
  13. 13Introduction
  14. 14Introduction
  15. 15Introduction
  16. 16On the Three Branches of Perspective
  17. 17On Painting and Perspective
  18. 18The Discourse on Painting
  19. 19On the Sections of [The Book On] Painting
  20. 20Of the Mistakes Made by Those Who Practise Without Knowledge
  21. 21Introduction to Perspective: — That Is of the Function of the Eye
  22. 22Of the 10 Attributes of the Eye, All Concerned in Painting
  23. 23On Painting
  24. 24Of the Eye
  25. 25Of the Eye
  26. 26On Painting
  27. 27On Painting
  28. 28On Perspective
  29. 29_ii
  30. 30On Painting
  31. 31Of the Natural Point
  32. 32Definition of the Nature of the Line
  33. 33How We May Conclude That a Superficies Terminates in a Point?
  34. 34Of Drawing Outline
  35. 35In What Way the Eye Sees Objects Placed in Front of It
  36. 36Perspective
  37. 37To Prove How Objects Reach the Eye
  38. 38Elements of Perspective
  39. 39Perspective
  40. 40Perspective
  41. 41Prove How All Objects, Placed in One Position, Are All Everywhere a…
  42. 42How the Images of Objects Received by the Eye Intersect Within the…
  43. 43The Principle on Which the Images of Bodies Pass in Between the Mar…
  44. 44Of the Movement of the Edge at the Right or Left, or the Upper, or…
  45. 45Of the Central Line of the Eye
  46. 46As to Whether the Central Line of the Image Can Be Intersected, or…
  47. 47How the Innumerable Rays from Innumerable Images Can Converge to a…
  48. 48Of the Plane of Glass
  49. 49Perspective
  50. 50Perspective — Perspective
  51. 51Perspective
  52. 52Simple Perspective
  53. 53Perspective — Why When an Object Is Placed Close to the Eye Its Edg…
  54. 54Perspective — Perspective
  55. 55Perspective — Perspective
  56. 56Perspective
  57. 57Perspective
  58. 58Perspective — Proposition — Definition
  59. 59Of Linear Perspective
  60. 60Of the Diminution of Objects at Various Distances
  61. 61Of the Degrees of Diminution
  62. 62Perspective
  63. 63Perspective
  64. 64Of Equal Objects the Most Remote Look the Smallest
  65. 65Of a Mixture of Natural and Artificial Perspective
  66. 66III
  67. 67General Introduction
  68. 68Introduction
  69. 69Of Painting
  70. 70Of Painting — Of Painting
  71. 71Of Painting — Of the Three Kinds of Light That Illuminate Opaque Bo…
  72. 72Of Light
  73. 73What Light and Shadow Are
  74. 74Of the Nature of Shadow
  75. 75What Is the Difference Between a Shadow That Is Inseparable from a…
  76. 76How There Are 2 Kinds of Light, One Separable from, and the Other I…
  77. 77Memorandum of Things I Require to Have Granted [As Axioms] in My Ex…
  78. 78First Book on Light and Shade
  79. 79The Rays Whether Shaded or Luminous Have Greater Strength and Effec…
  80. 80Of the Highest Lights Which Turn and Move as the Eye Moves Which Se…
  81. 81Of Painting
  82. 82Of Light and Lustre
  83. 83What Bodies Have Light upon Them Without Lustre?
  84. 84What Bodies Will Display Lustre but Not Look Illuminated?
  85. 85Shows How Light from Any Side Converges to One Point
  86. 86Of the Different Light and Shade in Various Aspects and of Objects…
  87. 87Of Painting
  88. 88Second Book on Light and Shade
  89. 89Of Perspective
  90. 90Of Painting
  91. 91Of Painting
  92. 92Third Book on Light and Shade
  93. 93Shadow and Light
  94. 94Of Simple Derived Shadows
  95. 95Of Compound Derived Shadows — Of Shadow
  96. 96How a Cast Shadow Can Never Be of the Same Size as the Body That Ca…
  97. 97Of the Pyramidal Shadow
  98. 98Of Painting
  99. 99The Farther the Derived Shadow Is Prolonged the Lighter It Becomes
  100. 100On Painting — How Shadows Fade Away at Long Distances
  101. 101Of the Compound Shadow F, R, C, H Caused by a Single Light
  102. 102The Action of the Light as from Its Centre
  103. 103Proof
  104. 104Of the Shadow Cast by a Body Placed Between 2 Equal Lights
  105. 105Of Simple Shadows
  106. 106Answer
  107. 107Definition
  108. 108How and When the Surroundings in Shadow Mingle Their Derived Shadow…
  109. 109Fourth Book on Light and Shade
  110. 110Of Shadows Which Never Come to an End
  111. 111The Body Which Is Nearest to the Light Casts the Largest Shadow, an…
  112. 112Why a Shadow Larger than the Body That Produces It Becomes Out of P…
  113. 113Why a Shadow Which Is Larger than the Body Causing It Has Ill-Defin…
  114. 114Of Modified Shadows
  115. 115Of the Opinion of Some That a Triangle Casts No Shadow on a Plane S…
  116. 116Fifth Book on Light and Shade — Of the Way in Which the Shadows Cas…
  117. 117Of Reverberation
  118. 118Where There Can Be No Reflected Lights
  119. 119Perspective
  120. 120The Mirror
  121. 121Of the Shadow and Its Motion
  122. 122Of the Motion of Shadows
  123. 123Sixth Book on Light and Shade — Perspective
  124. 124That Part of the Reflection Will Be Brightest Where the Reflected R…
  125. 125IV
  126. 126Of the Diminished Distinctness of the Outlines of Opaque Bodies
  127. 127Of the Diminution in Perspective of Opaque Objects
  128. 128Of the Atmosphere That Interposes Between the Eye and Visible Objects
  129. 129Of the Eye
  130. 130Of Painting · Perspective — Perspective
  131. 131Of Painting
  132. 132Of Painting
  133. 133Of Light and Shade
  134. 134Of Ordinary Perspective
  135. 135Of Light · Of Light — Of Light
  136. 136On Light Between Shadows
  137. 137To Prove How It Is That Luminous Bodies Appear Larger, at a Distanc…
  138. 138To Prove How You May See the Real Size of Luminous Bodies
  139. 139Perspective
  140. 140V
  141. 141Of Painting — Of Shadow
  142. 142Of Light and Shade — Example
  143. 143Of Painting
  144. 144Of the Rays Which Convey Through the Air the Images of Objects
  145. 145Of Painting
  146. 146Of the Intersections of the Images in the Pupil of the Eye
  147. 147Of the Nature of the Rays Composed of the Images of Objects, and of…
  148. 148Of the Colours of Simple Derived Shadows
  149. 149Of Painting
  150. 150Of Colours
  151. 151Perspective
  152. 152Perspective — Perspective
  153. 153Perspective — Perspective
  154. 154What Portion of a Coloured Surface Ought in Reason to Be the Most I…
  155. 155Why Beautiful Colours Must Be in the [Highest] Light
  156. 156Of Painting
  157. 157The Adversary — The Answer
  158. 158That the Eye Has No Part in Producing the Colours of the Rainbow
  159. 159Of the Colours in the Feathers of Certain Birds
  160. 160VI
  161. 161Of the Visibility of Colours
  162. 162All Colours Are at a Distance Undistinguishable and Undiscernible
  163. 163How a Painter Should Carry Out the Perspective of Colour in Practice
  164. 164Of Aerial Perspective
  165. 165Why the Atmosphere Must Be Represented as Paler Towards the Lower P…
  166. 166Of the Mode of Treating Remote Objects in Painting
  167. 167Of the Colour of the Atmosphere
  168. 168307 | Of Painting
  169. 169VII
  170. 170Of Painting
  171. 171Of the Motions of the Fingers
  172. 172Of the Loins, When Bent
  173. 173Of Painting
  174. 174Of [Change Of] Attitude
  175. 175Of Painting
  176. 176Of the Different Measurements of Boys and Men
  177. 177Of Painting
  178. 178Of Painting
  179. 179Of the Agreement of the Proportion of the Limbs
  180. 180How Young Boys Have Their Joints Just the Reverse of Those of Men,…
  181. 181Of Drawing
  182. 182Of the Human Body in Action
  183. 183Of Painting
  184. 184Of the Strength of Man
  185. 185Of the Nature of the Folds in Drapery
  186. 186Example
  187. 187Of Small Folds in Draperies
  188. 188VIII
  189. 189Trees
  190. 190Of the Scars on Trees
  191. 191Of the Ramification
  192. 192Why, Very Frequently, Timber Has Veins That Are Not Straight
  193. 193Of the Ramifications of Plants
  194. 194Of the Insertion of the Branches on Plants
  195. 195A Description of the Elm
  196. 196Of the Insertion of the Leaves on the Branches
  197. 197Of the Ramifications of Trees and Their Foliage
  198. 198Light on Branches and Leaves (420 — 422)
  199. 199Of the Accidents of Colouring in Trees — Of the Visibility of These…
  200. 200Of the Shadows of a Leaf
  201. 201Of Dark Leaves in Front of Transparent Ones
  202. 202Of the Lights on Dark Leaves
  203. 203Of the Lights on Leaves of a Yellowish Green
  204. 204Of a Generally Distributed Light as Lighting Up Trees
  205. 205Of the Shadows of Verdure
  206. 206Of the Illuminated Part of Verdure and of Mountains
  207. 207Of Trees That Are Lighted by the Sun and by the Atmosphere
  208. 208Of Depicting a Forest Scene
  209. 209On Painting
  210. 210Of the Herbs of the Field
  211. 211Of Trees Which Are Between the Eye and the Light
  212. 212From Whence to Depict a Landscape
  213. 213Of Trees to the South
  214. 214Of Meadows
  215. 215Of the 4 Points of the Compass [In Landscapes]
  216. 216Of Trees in the East
  217. 217Of the Shadows in Trees
  218. 218Of Trees to the East
  219. 219Objects in High Light Show but Little, but Between Light and Shadow…
  220. 220Of the Spaces [Showing the Sky] in Trees Themselves
  221. 221Of Trees Which Conceal These Spaces in One Another
  222. 222Of Trees
  223. 223Trees at a Short Distance
  224. 224Of Trees and Lights on Them
  225. 225Of Painting
  226. 226Of Painting in a Landscape
  227. 227Of Landscapes
  228. 228Of Light and Shadow in a Town
  229. 229Of Towns or Other Buildings Seen in the Evening or the Morning Thro…
  230. 230Of the Smoke of a Town
  231. 231Of Smoke and Dust
  232. 232Of Representing Wind
  233. 233The Wind
  234. 234Of Clouds, Smoke and Dust and the Flames of a Furnace or of a Burni…
  235. 235IX
  236. 236I · Moral Precepts for the Student of Painting — A Warning Concerni…
  237. 237Of the Order of Learning to Draw
  238. 238Precepts for Drawing
  239. 239Of Drawing
  240. 240Of Painting
  241. 241How It Is Necessary to a Painter That He Should Know the Intrinsic…
  242. 242Of Study and the Order of Study
  243. 243What Rules Should Be Given to Boys Learning to Paint
  244. 244How That Diligence [Accuracy] Should First Be Learnt Rather than Ra…
  245. 245Of the Life of the Painter in the Country
  246. 246Of the Life of the Painter in His Studio
  247. 247Of Whether It Is Better to Draw with Companions or Not
  248. 248Of Studying, in the Dark, When You Wake, or in Bed Before You Go to…
  249. 249Of the Time for Studying Selection of Subjects
  250. 250Of Positions
  251. 251That a Painter Is Not Admirable Unless He Is Universal
  252. 252Of the Miserable Pretences Made by Those Who Falsely and Unworthily…
  253. 253How, in Important Works, a Man Should Not Trust Entirely to His Mem…
  254. 254Of Variety in the Figures
  255. 255How Something May Be Learnt Everywhere — Of the Means of Acquiring…
  256. 256Painting
  257. 257Of Games to Be Played by Those Who Draw
  258. 258A Way of Developing and Arousing the Mind to Various Inventions
  259. 259II — The Artist's Studio — Instruments and Helps for the Applicatio…
  260. 260Of the Painter's Window and Its Advantage
  261. 261Of the Quality of the Light — That the Light for Drawing from Natur…
  262. 262The Kind of Light Requisite for Painting Light and Shade
  263. 263Of Small Lights
  264. 264Painting
  265. 265Of the Quality of Light
  266. 266Of Selecting the Light Which Gives Most Grace to Faces
  267. 267Of Drawing an Object
  268. 268Of a Mode of Drawing a Place Accurately
  269. 269How to Learn to Place Your Figures Correctly
  270. 270A Method of Drawing an Object in Relief at Night
  271. 271To Draw a Figure on a Wall 12 Braccia High Which Shall Look 24 Brac…
  272. 272How the Mirror Is the Master [And Guide] of Painters
  273. 273Of Judging Your Own Pictures
  274. 274Of a Method of Learning Well by Heart
  275. 275That a Painter Ought to Be Curious to Hear the Opinions of Every On…
  276. 276How in Small Objects Errors Are Less Evident than in Large Ones
  277. 277Why a Painting Can Never Appear Detached as Natural Objects Do
  278. 278Why of Two Objects of Equal Size a Painted One Will Look Larger tha…
  279. 279How High the Point of Sight Should Be Placed
  280. 280Of the Way to Draw Figures for Historical Pictures
  281. 281Of Placing a Figure in the Foreground of a Historical Picture
  282. 282Perspective
  283. 283Of Painting — Of Drawing from Relief
  284. 284Why Groups of Figures One Above Another Are to Be Avoided
  285. 285Of Painting
  286. 286Where a Spectator Should Stand to Look at a Picture
  287. 287III — Of Painting: Of the Darkness of the Shadows, or I May Say, th…
  288. 288How the Painter Must Place Himself with Reference to the Light, to…
  289. 289How Light Should Be Thrown upon Figures
  290. 290Of Helping the Apparent Relief of a Picture by Giving It Artificial…
  291. 291Of Situation
  292. 292Of the Judgment to Be Made of a Painter's Work
  293. 293Of the Treatment of the Lights
  294. 294Of Shadows on Bodies
  295. 295Of Lights and Shadows
  296. 296Of the Way to Make the Shadow on Figures Correspond to the Light an…
  297. 297Of Surrounding Bodies by Various Forms of Shadow
  298. 298On Painting
  299. 299Of Shadows
  300. 300Of the Backgrounds for Painted Figures
  301. 301Of the Background That the Painter Should Adopt in His Works
  302. 302How White Bodies Should Be Represented
  303. 303Why Faces [Seen] at a Distance Look Dark
  304. 304Why a Man Seen at a Certain Distance Is Not Recognisable
  305. 305The Reason Why Small Figures Should Not Be Made Finished
  306. 306Of Painting
  307. 307IV · Of Portrait and Figure Painting — Of the Way to Learn to Compo…
  308. 308Of a Method of Keeping in Mind the Form of a Face
  309. 309How to Know Which Side of an Object Is to Be More or Less Luminous…
  310. 310The Proof and Reason Why Among the Illuminated Parts Certain Portio…
  311. 311Precepts in Painting
  312. 312That a Figure Is Not Admirable Unless It Expresses by Its Action th…
  313. 313How an Angry Man Is to Be Figured
  314. 314How to Represent a Man in Despair
  315. 315How You Should Make an Imaginary Animal Look Natural
  316. 316Of the Delusions Which Arise in Judging of the Limbs
  317. 317Of the Selection of Beautiful Faces
  318. 318Of the Muscles of Animals
  319. 319Of Undulating Movements and Equipoise in Figures and Other Animals
  320. 320Of Grace in the Limbs
  321. 321Of Representing a Man Speaking to a Multitude
  322. 322Of the Disposition of Limbs
  323. 323Of Painting
  324. 324Of Painting
  325. 325Of Painting
  326. 326Of Setting on the Limbs
  327. 327Of the Action of the Figures
  328. 328V · Suggestions for Compositions — Of the Way of Representing a Battle
  329. 329Of Lighting the Lower Parts of Bodies Close Together, as of Men in…
  330. 330Of the Way to Represent a Night [Scene]
  331. 331How to Represent a Tempest
  332. 332To Represent the Deluge
  333. 333Of the Deluge and How to Represent It in a Picture
  334. 334Description of the Deluge
  335. 335VI — The Artist's Materials
  336. 336Paper for Drawing upon in Black by the Aid of Your Spittle
  337. 337A Fine Yellow — White
  338. 338The Proportions of Colours
  339. 339To Prepare a Panel for Painting On
  340. 340Oil
  341. 341To Remove the Smell of Oil
  342. 342To Restore Oil Colours That Have Become Dry
  343. 343Oil
  344. 344Varnish [Or Powder]
  345. 345Varnish [Or Powder]
  346. 346Varnish [Or Powder]
  347. 347Varnish [Or Powder]
  348. 348Mould(?)
  349. 349To Dilute White Wine and Make It Purple
  350. 350Fire
  351. 351Fire — Fire
  352. 352VII — Philosophy and History of the Art of Painting
  353. 353He Who Despises Painting Loves Neither Philosophy nor Nature
  354. 354That Painting Surpasses All Human Works by the Subtle Consideration…
  355. 355That Sculpture Is Less Intellectual than Painting, and Lacks Many C…
  356. 356Of Painting
  357. 357That Painting Declines and Deteriorates from Age to Age, When Paint…
  358. 358_x
  359. 359Christ
  360. 360Truth
  361. 361To Represent Ingratitude
  362. 362A Dress for the Carnival
  363. 363Volume 2 — XI
  364. 3647o6 — Of a Statue
  365. 365Measurement and Division of a Statue
  366. 366The Mould for the Horse
  367. 367Of Making the Mould in Pieces
  368. 368Method of Founding Again
  369. 369The Monument to Messer Giovanni Jacomo Da Trevulzo
  370. 370Mint at Rome
  371. 371Powder for Medals
  372. 372Of Taking Casts of Medals
  373. 373Stucco
  374. 374Stucco
  375. 375Stucco for Moulding
  376. 376Glue — To Cast
  377. 377To Cast Bronze in Plaster
  378. 378How Casts Ought to Be Polished
  379. 379How to Remove the Rough Edges from Bronze
  380. 380To Facilitate Melting
  381. 381To Prevent the Copper Cooling in the Furnace
  382. 382If You Have to Make a Large Cast
  383. 383How to Proceed to Break a Large Mass of Bronze
  384. 384To Combine Lead with Other Metal
  385. 385Of the Thickness of the Coating
  386. 386Of the Thickness of the Gun
  387. 387Of the Length of the Body of the Gun
  388. 388Of the Thickness of Small Guns
  389. 389Of Luting the Furnace Within
  390. 390Of Restoring the Metal When It Is Becoming Cool
  391. 391The Cause of Its Curdling — To Know the Condition of the Fire
  392. 392Of Alloying the Metal
  393. 393How to Hasten the Melting
  394. 394Henry de Geymuller — XII
  395. 395On Moving Houses
  396. 396For Making a Clean Stable
  397. 397The Way to Construct a Frame-Work for Decorating Buildings
  398. 398Steps of Urrbino
  399. 399Concerning Architraves of One or Several Pieces
  400. 400_xiii
  401. 401I — On Fissures in Walls
  402. 402What Is the Law by Which Buildings Have Stability
  403. 403How to Prognosticate the Causes of Cracks in Any Sort of Wall
  404. 404On the Situation of Foundations and in What Places They Are a Cause…
  405. 405Of Cracks in Walls, Which Are Wide at the Bottom and Narrow at the…
  406. 406Of Arched Cracks, Wide at the Top, and Narrow Below
  407. 407Of the Causes of Fissures in [The Walls Of] Public and Private Buil…
  408. 408Of Stones Which Disjoin Themselves from Their Mortar
  409. 409II · On Fissures in Niches — On Fissures in Niches
  410. 410On the Shrinking of Damp Bodies of Different Thickness and Width
  411. 411III · On the Nature of the Arch — What Is an Arch?
  412. 412Of the Kind of Pressure in Arches
  413. 413Of Distributing the Pressure Above an Arch
  414. 414Where an Arch Breaks — Second Rupture of the Arch
  415. 415On Another Cause of Ruin
  416. 416On the Strength of the Arch · On the Loading of Round Arches — On t…
  417. 417On the Remedy for Earthquakes
  418. 418On the Strength of the Arch in Architecture — On the Position of th…
  419. 419An Arch Loaded over the Crown Will Give Way at the Left Hand and Ri…
  420. 420On the Strength and Nature of Arches, and Where They Are Strong or…
  421. 421That Arch Will Be of Longer Duration Which Has a Good Abutment Oppo…
  422. 422Plan
  423. 423IV — On Foundations, the Nature of the Ground and Supports
  424. 424Of the Supports — Example
  425. 425V — On the Resistance of Beams
  426. 426On the Length of Beams
  427. 427XIV
  428. 428I — Anatomy
  429. 429Of the Order of the Book
  430. 430The Order of the Book
  431. 431The Arrangement of Anatomy
  432. 432Anatomy
  433. 433Of the Human Figure
  434. 434Anatomy — Of the Head
  435. 435II — Zoology and Comparative Anatomy
  436. 436Of the Palm of the Hand
  437. 437Of the Way of Walking in Man
  438. 438III — Physiology
  439. 439Of the Eyes in Animals
  440. 440Of the Nature of Sight
  441. 441Why Men Advanced in Age See Better at a Distance
  442. 442How the Five Senses Are the Ministers of the Soul
  443. 443How the Nerves Sometimes Act of Themselves Without Any Commands fro…
  444. 444How the Body of Animals Is Constantly Dying and Being Renewed
  445. 445XV
  446. 446I — The Earth as a Planet
  447. 447The Method of Proving That the Earth Is a Star
  448. 448Perspective
  449. 449Of the Eye
  450. 450Perspective
  451. 451The Reason of the Increased Size of the Sun in the West
  452. 452II · The Sun — In Praise of the Sun
  453. 453Of the Proof That the Sun Is Hot by Nature and Not by Virtue
  454. 454Why the Sun Appears Larger When Setting than at Noon, When It Is Ne…
  455. 455A Method of Seeing the Sun Eclipsed Without Pain to the Eye
  456. 456III · The Moon — Of the Moon
  457. 457Of the Moon and Whether It Is Polished and Spherical
  458. 458Of the Moon
  459. 459What Sort of Thing the Moon Is
  460. 460Of the Nature of the Moon
  461. 461Of the Moon
  462. 462Of the Moon
  463. 463Of the Moon
  464. 464The Spots on the Moon
  465. 465Of the Spots on the Moon
  466. 466Of the Spots on the Moon
  467. 467Of Halos Round the Moon
  468. 468******** 911 - 912 Missing ***
  469. 469Second Argument
  470. 470_xvi
  471. 471I — Introduction
  472. 472Divisions of the Book — Book 15 — of matters worn away by water
  473. 473Book 9 — of accidental risings of water — The Order of the Book
  474. 474The Beginning of the Treatise on Water
  475. 475I · Of the Nature of Water — The Order of the First Book on Water
  476. 476Of What Is Water — The Beginning of the Book on Water
  477. 477Of the Centre of the Ocean
  478. 478Of the Sea Which Changes the Weight of the Earth
  479. 479Whether the Earth Is Less than the Water
  480. 480Of the Earth
  481. 481The Figures of the Elements
  482. 482Proves How the Earth Is Not Globular and Not Being Globular Cannot…
  483. 483Of the Heat That Is in the World
  484. 484Of the Sea, Which to Many Fools Appears to Be Higher than the Earth…
  485. 485Of Certain Persons Who Say the Waters Were Higher than the Dry Land
  486. 486II · On the Ocean — Why Water Is Salt
  487. 487That the Ocean Does Not Penetrate under the Earth
  488. 488Fresh Water Penetrates More Against Salt Water than Salt Water Agai…
  489. 489Of Waves
  490. 490Of the Flow and Ebb
  491. 491III — Subterranean Water Courses
  492. 492Whether Water Rises from the Sea to the Tops of Mountains
  493. 493Of Springs of Water on the Tops of Mountains
  494. 494In Confirmation of Why the Water Goes to the Tops of Mountains
  495. 495IV · Of Rivers — Of the Origin of Rivers
  496. 496Water — Of the Movement of a Sudden Rush Made by a River in Its Bed…
  497. 497Of the Vibration of the Earth
  498. 498V — On Mountains
  499. 499Of the Sea Which Encircles the Earth
  500. 500VI — Geological Problems
  501. 501A Doubtful Point
  502. 502Of the Deluge and of Marine Shells
  503. 503VII — On the Atmosphere
  504. 504Of Motion
  505. 505XVII
  506. 506I · Italy — Canal of Florence
  507. 507Of the Canal of Martesana
  508. 508Canal
  509. 509The Bath
  510. 510Of the Force of the Vacuum Formed in a Moment
  511. 511Lake of Como. Valley of Chiavenna
  512. 512Val Sasina
  513. 513Valley of Introzzo
  514. 514Bellaggio
  515. 515Valtellina
  516. 516In Val Sasina
  517. 517Of Painting
  518. 518II · France · Germany. France — Spain
  519. 519The Road to Orleans
  520. 520III — Why the Sea Makes a Stronger Current in the Straits of Spain…
  521. 521Why the Current of Gibraltar Is Always Greater to the West than to…
  522. 522IV — The Levant
  523. 523Small Boats
  524. 524Site for [A Temple Of] Venus
  525. 525Why Water Is Found at the Top of Mountains
  526. 526XVIII
  527. 527On Movements; — To Know How Much a Ship Advances in an Hour
  528. 528A Method of Escaping in a Tempest and Shipwreck at Sea
  529. 529To Escape the Peril of Destruction
  530. 530Greek Fire
  531. 531XIX
  532. 532I — Philosophical Maxims
  533. 533A Prayer
  534. 534Of Mechanics
  535. 535**** Text Beyond This Point Still Needs Some Cleanup ****
  536. 536Of the Errors of Those Who Depend on Practice Without Science
  537. 537II — Morals
  538. 538A Simile for Patience
  539. 539III — Polemics — Speculation
  540. 540Of Spirits
  541. 541As to Whether a Spirit Has a Body Amid the Elements
  542. 542As to Whether the Spirit, Having Taken This Body of Air, Can Move o…
  543. 543As to Whether the Spirit Can Speak or Not
  544. 544Example of the Lightning in Clouds
  545. 545XX
  546. 546I · Studies on the Life and Habits of Animals — The Love of Virtue
  547. 547Envy
  548. 548Cheerfulness — Sadness
  549. 549Peace
  550. 550Rage
  551. 551Gratitude
  552. 552Avarice — Ingratitude
  553. 553Cruelty
  554. 554Generosity
  555. 555Discipline
  556. 556Flatterers or Syrens — Prudence
  557. 557Folly
  558. 558Justice
  559. 559Truth — Fidelity, or Loyalty
  560. 560Falsehood
  561. 561Lies
  562. 562Valour
  563. 563Fear or Cowardice
  564. 564Magnanimity — Vain Glory
  565. 565Constancy
  566. 566Inconstancy — Continence
  567. 567Incontinence
  568. 568Humility
  569. 569Pride
  570. 570Abstinence
  571. 571Gluttony — Chastity
  572. 572Unchastity — Moderation
  573. 573The Eagle
  574. 574Lumerpa, — Fame
  575. 575The Pelican
  576. 576The Salamander
  577. 577The Cameleon
  578. 578The Alepo, a Fish · The Ostrich · The Swan — The Stork
  579. 579The Grasshopper — The Bat
  580. 580The Partridge
  581. 581The Swallow — The Oyster — For Treachery
  582. 582The Basilisk — Cruelty · The Asp · The Dragon — The Viper
  583. 583The Scorpion
  584. 584The Crocodile. Hypocrisy
  585. 585The Toad
  586. 586The Caterpillar — For Virtue in General
  587. 587The Spider
  588. 588The Lion
  589. 589The Tarantula — The Screech-Owl and the Owl
  590. 590The Elephant
  591. 591The Dragon
  592. 592The Serpent
  593. 593The Boa(?)
  594. 594The Macli — Caught When Asleep
  595. 595The Bison Which Does Injury in Its Flight
  596. 596Lions, Pards, Panthers, Tigers — The Lioness
  597. 597The Lion
  598. 598The Panther in Africa
  599. 599Camels
  600. 600The Tiger
  601. 601Catoblepas
  602. 602The Basilisk
  603. 603The Weasel — The Cerastes
  604. 604The Amphisboena · The Iaculus — The Asp
  605. 605The Ichneumon
  606. 606The Crocodile
  607. 607The Dolphin
  608. 608The Hippopotamus
  609. 609The Ibis · The Stag · The Lizard · The Swallow · The Weasel · The W…
  610. 610The Raven — Of Foresight
  611. 611Magnanimity · II · Fables — A Fable
  612. 612A Fable
  613. 613A Fable
  614. 614A Fable
  615. 615A Fable
  616. 616A Fable
  617. 617A Fable
  618. 618A Fable
  619. 619A Fable
  620. 620A Fable
  621. 621A Fable
  622. 622A Fable
  623. 623A Fable
  624. 624III · Jests and Tales — A Jest
  625. 625A Jest
  626. 626A Jest
  627. 627A Jest
  628. 628A Jest
  629. 629IV · Prophecies — The Division of the Prophecies
  630. 630Prophecies
  631. 631V · Draughts and Schemes for the Humorous Writings — A Fable
  632. 632The Same
  633. 633A Fable · A Jest — A Simile
  634. 634A Common Thing
  635. 635Why Dogs Take Pleasure in Smelling at Each Other
  636. 636Tricks of Dividing
  637. 637Tricks of Dividing
  638. 638XXI
  639. 639To the Devatdar of Syria, Lieutenant of the Sacred Sultan of Babylon
  640. 640Of the Structure and Size of Mount Taurus
  641. 641Book 43 — Of the Movement of Air Enclosed in Water
  642. 642XXII
  643. 643Names of Engineers
  644. 644Of the Instrument
  645. 645W.p.7.]
  646. 646Memorandum — W.x.]
  647. 647Memorardum
  648. 648Book from Maestro small box, — Paolo Infermieri
  649. 649Cornelius Celsus
  650. 650W. Xxiii.]
  651. 651Of Squaring the Circle, and Who It Was That First Discovered It by…
  652. 652Expenses of the Interment of Caterina

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