Vocabulary
Abbreviations
| adj., adjective. | inter., interjection. |
| adv., adverb. | m., masculine. |
| art., article. | neut., neuter. |
| coll., colloquial. | p. p., past participle. |
| cond., conditional. | pers., personal. |
| conj., conjunction. | pl., plural. |
| dim., diminutive. | prep., preposition. |
| Eng., English. | pres., present. |
| excl., exclamation. | pres. p., present participle. |
| f., feminine. | pret., preterit. |
| fam., familiar. | pro., pronoun. |
| fut., future. | reflex., reflexive. |
| imp., imperfect. | sing., singular. |
| impers., impersonal. | subj., subjunctive. |
| impv., imperative. | 1, 1st person. |
| ind., indicative. | 2, 2d person. |
| infin., infinitive. | 3, 3d person. |
A
a to, at, on
abandonado p. p. of abandonar
abandonar to abandon, leave
abeja f. bee
abierto p. p. of abrir; open
abrasaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. abrasando pres. p. of abrasar abrasar to burn abrazo m. embrace abre impv. sing. abrieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of abrir abril m. April abrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of abrir abrir to open, unlock abrirá 3 sing. fut. ind. of abrir abuelo m. grandfather; como mi abuelo like my grandfather (fam. Eng.) your grandmother acabar to finish acabó 3 sing. pret. ind. of acabar acariciar to caress, stroke, pet acarició 3 sing. pret. ind. of acariciar acaso perhaps aceptar to accept acepto 1 sing. pres. ind. of aceptar acerca de about, concerning acercarse to approach acercó 3 sing. pret. ind. of acercar acercose = se acercó acertar to hit the mark, succeed
ácido acid, sour
acierta 3 sing. pres. ind. aciertan 3 pl. pres. ind. of acertar acompañar to accompany acompañe 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of acompañar acostarse to go to bed acredita 3 sing. pres. ind. of acreditar; se acredita de malo it is assuredly bad acreditar to assure, prove, credit activo active adelante ahead, forward; los de adelante those ahead ademán m. gesture, manner, attitude además adv. besides; además de prep. besides, over and above adentro within, inside adiestraba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of adiestrar adiestrar to guide, lead; adiestrarse to exercise one’s self adivinanza f. riddle advertir to notify afán m. zeal, eagerness afanarse to toil excessively, to work hard afano 1 sing. pres. ind. of afanar agrio sour agua f. water aguardando pres. p. of aguardar aguardar to wait for, await aguardiente m. brandy agudo sharp, shrill
Aguilar m. name of place
agujero m. hole
ah ah
ahogar to drown
ahogaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of ahogar
ahora now
aire m. air
al to the, at the; al (+infin.) on, upon; al ver on seeing
Alá m. Allah (Arabic word for God); que Alá los guarde may Allah protect you alaba 3 sing. pres. ind. of alabar alabar to praise alarma f. alarm alazán m. sorrel horse alcaide m. governor of a castle alcalde m. mayor alcoba f. bedroom
Alejandro m. Alexander
algo something
alguien somebody
alguno some; pl. some, a few
Aliatar m. name of man
aliento m. breath
almuerzo m. lunch, breakfast
Alora f. name of place
alto high, tall
allá there
allí there; por allí over there
amable amiable
amiga f. friend
amigablemente amicably, in a friendly manner
amigo m. friend
amo m. master
amordazar to gag
amordazó 3 sing. pret. ind. of amordazar
ancho wide, broad
anda 3 sing. pres. ind. of andar
andar to go, walk
anécdota f. anecdote
ángel m. angel
animal m. animal
anoche last night
anterior preceding
antes adv. before, first; antes de prep. before antoja 3 sing. pres. ind. of antojar antojarse to take it into one’s head añadió 3 sing. pret. ind. of añadir añadir to add año m. year; el año que viene next year; hace tres años three years ago; cuántos años tenía how old he (she) was aparecer to appear aparecía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. apareció 3 sing. pret. ind. of aparecer apariencia f. appearance aplaude 3 sing. pres. ind. aplauden 3 pl. pres. ind. of aplaudir aplaudir to applaud apreciamos 1 pl. pres. and pret. ind. of apreciar apreciar to value, esteem apreciaré 1 sing. fut. ind. of apreciar aprender to learn aprendido p. p. of aprender aprensión f. apprehension, fear aprisa quickly aprisionar to imprison aprisionasen 3 pl. imp. subj. of aprisionar aprobar to approve aprueba 3 sing. pres. ind. of aprobar aquel, aquella that; pl. aquellos, aquellas those aqueste this aquí here; he aquí behold, here is (are); hasta aquí as far as this
árabe Arabian
árbol m. tree
ardilla f. squirrel
ardor m. great heat
arma f. arm, weapon
arquitecto m. architect
arreglar to arrange
arriba above
arruinado p. p. of arruinar
arruinar to ruin
arte m. art
asegurar to assure, assert
aseguro 1 sing. pres. ind. of asegurar
así so, thus; así que as soon as asnal adj. donkey asombro m. amazement astro m. heavenly body, sun, star astuto cunning asunto m. affair, matter asustado frightened asustar to frighten atigrado tiger-colored atrás backward, behind; los de atrás those behind atreve 3 sing. pres. ind. of atrever atreverse to dare, venture atrevían 3 pl. imp. ind. atrevido p. p. atreviese 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. atrevió 3 sing. pret. ind. atrevo 1 sing. pres. ind. of atrever aunque although, even if autor m. author ave f. bird avisar to notify avisaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of avisar ayer yesterday ayudar to aid, assist azul blue
B
bah bah
bailar to dance
bailarín m. dancer
bajar to go down
bajaron 3 pl. pret. ind. bajo 1 sing. pres. ind. bajó 3 sing. pret. ind. of bajar bajo adj. low bajo prep. under baldosa f. flat stone banco m. bench barato cheap barbo m. barbel barco m. boat barranco m. ravine barro m. clay, mud bastante enough, quite, sufficiently batalla f. battle bebe 3 sing. pres. ind. bebió 3 sing. pret. ind. of beber beber to drink bellota f. acorn bendición f. blessing beneficio m. benefit bestia f. animal, beast bien well; pues bien well then, very well; está bien all right; qué bien how well; bien va first-rate bienes m. pl. property bígamo m. bigamist bisabuelo m. great-grandfather blanco white blando soft bodas f. pl. marriage, wedding
Bolondrón m. name of man
bonito pretty
bordado embroidered
borracho m. drunkard
borrico m. ass, donkey
borriquito m. dim. of borrico
bosque m. wood, forest
bramar to roar
bramó 3 sing. pret. ind. of bramar
bravo inter. bravo
brazo m. arm
breve short
brida f. bridle
brillaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of brillar brillar to shine brío m. spirit, vigor brotar to bud; issue, come out bruja f. witch bruto m. brute, animal bueno good, well burro m. ass, donkey, burro busca f. search buscado p. p. of buscar; buscó 3 sing. pret. ind. of buscar buscar, to look for, search busto m. bust
C
caballero m. gentleman, knight; sir
caballo m. horse
cabeza f. head
cabo m. end
Cabra f. name of place
cachorro m. cub
cada each, every; cada uno each
cae 3 sing. pres. ind. of caer
caer to fall
caído p. p. of caer
caliente hot
calor m. heat, warmth; hace (hacía) calor it is (was) hot; hace (hacía) mucho calor it is (was) very hot caluroso warm calla impv. sing. of callar callar to be silent calle f. street calló 3 sing. pret. ind. of callar cama f. bed camarada m. comrade camarero m. waiter cambiaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of cambiar cambiar to change, exchange cambiaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of cambiar cambio m. change, exchange; en cambio on the other hand caminado p. p. of caminar caminar to walk camino m. way, road; ponerse en camino to set out campana f. bell campaña f. campaign campo m. field, country
Cándido m. name of man
canjear to exchange
cansa 3 sing. pres. ind. of cansar
cansado tired
cansar to tire; cansarse to get tired
canso 1 sing. pres. ind. of cansar
cantar to sing; m. singing
cántaro m. large pitcher; llover a cántaros to rain hard, pour canto m. song, singing capitán m. captain cara f. face carbonero m. coal-man
Carcabuey m. name of place
cárcel f. prison, jail
carga impv. sing. of cargar
cargamento m. cargo
cargar to load
cargó 3 sing. pret. ind. of cargar
caricia f. caress
cariño m. affection, love
carne f. flesh, meat
carretera f. high-road
carroza f. coach
carta f. letter
casa f. house; en casa at home; a casa home casaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. casado p. p. of casar casarse (con) to marry casarán 3 pl. fut. ind. casaré 1 sing. fut. ind. casaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. casaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of casar casi almost caso m. case, matter castigo m. punishment casualidad f. chance, accident católico Catholic caudillo m. chieftain causa f. cause; a causa de on account of cayó 3 sing. pret. ind. of caer cédula f. slip of paper celebrar to celebrate celebraron 3 pl. pret. ind. celebren 3 pl. pres. subj. celebró 3 sing. pret. ind. of celebrar cena f. supper cenar to sup, have supper cenizas f. pl. ashes centro m. centre, middle cerca de near cerdo m. pig, swine cielo m. sky, heaven cien see ciento ciento one hundred; por ciento per cent cierto certain cinco five cincuenta fifty cinta f. ribbon, band circunstancia f. circumstance ciudad f. city, town cobardemente in a cowardly manner, treacherously cochero m. coachman coger to take, pick, gather; coger de to seize by cogió 3 sing. pret. ind. of coger colar to filter, pass, steal into; se hubo de colar began to pass colmenar m. apiary colmillo m. tusk colocar to place; colocarse to be placed colocó 3 sing. pret. ind. of colocar colono m. farmer, tenant combatir to fight come 3 sing. pres. ind. comen 3 pl. pres. ind. of comer comenzar to begin comenzó 3 sing. pret. ind. of comenzar comer to eat, dine; comerse to eat up; dar de comer to feed comerá 3 sing. fut. ind. of comer comerciante m. merchant comete 3 sing. pres. ind. of cometer cometer to commit comía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of comer comida f. food; dinner, meal comido p. p. of comer comienza 3 sing. pres. ind. of comenzar cómo how, what como like, as cómodo comfortable, cozy compañera f. companion compañero m. companion comparación f. comparison comparar to compare comparó 3 sing. pret. ind. of comparar compás m. pair of compasses; a compás in time, in regular time compasión f. pity, compassion compra impv. sing. of comprar comprador m. buyer, purchaser comprar to buy comprender to understand; ya lo comprendo now I understand it comprendiendo pres. p. comprendió 3 sing. pret. ind. comprendo 1 sing. pres. ind. of comprender compró 3 sing. pret. ind. of comprar comunicar to communicate con with; con que so that, so then conceder to grant concederé 1 sing. fut. ind. concedes 2 sing. pres. ind. of conceder concluido p. p. of concluir concluir to finish, end concluyó 3 sing. pret. ind. of concluir conde m. count condición f. condition; pl. conditions, terms conduce 3 sing. pres. ind. of conducir conducir to lead, take conejo m. rabbit confesaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of confesar confesábase = se confesaba confesar to confess confesor m. confessor confirmación f. confirmation conmover to move, affect conmovió 3 sing. pret. ind. of conmover conoce 3 sing. pres. ind. of conocer conocer to know, be acquainted with conocerá 3 sing. fut. ind. conocería 1 and 3 sing. cond. conoces 2 sing. pres. ind. conocía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of conocer conocimiento m. knowledge; pl. acquirements conoció 3 sing. pret. ind. conozca 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. conozco 1 sing. pres. ind. of conocer consecuencia f. consequence consentir (en) to consent (to)
consentiría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of consentir conseguir to obtain, succeed consejo m. advice consentimiento m. consent conservar to keep conservó 3 sing. pret. ind. of conservar consiente 3 sing. pres. ind. of consentir consigo with himself, with him consiguió 3 sing. pret. ind. of conseguir consintió 3 sing. pret. ind. of consentir consistía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of consistir consistir (en) to consist (of)
construido p. p. of construir
construir to build
construyese 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of construir consuelo m. comfort, consolation contar to relate, tell contento, content, satisfied contestación f. reply contestar to answer, reply contestó 3 sing. pret. ind. of contestar; contestó que sí he answered yes contigo with you continuar to continue continuó 3 sing. pret. ind. of continuar contó 3 sing. pret. ind. of contar contra against contrariado disappointed convertido p. p. of convertir convertir to convert; convertirse to be converted convidar to invite convidó 3 sing. pret. ind. of convidar convierte 3 sing. pres. ind. of convertir cornisa f. cornice corre 3 sing. pres. ind. of correr correctamente correctly correr to run corría 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of correr corrido p. p. of correr; abashed, ashamed corriente f. current corrieron 3 pl. pret. ind. corrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of correr cortaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. cortado p. p. cortando pres. p. of cortar cortar to cut, cut off cortaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of cortar corte f. court; hacer la corte to pay attentions to cortedad f. timidity, diffidence; con muy poca cortedad with great effrontery cortesía f. politeness; con cortesía politely, courteously cortina f. curtain cortó 3 sing. pret. ind. of cortar cosa f. thing creas 2 sing. pres. subj. of creer crecer to grow, rise crecido p. p. of crecer cree 3 sing. pres. ind. of creer; se cree it is believed creer to believe creí 1 sing. pret. ind. creía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of creer creo 1 sing. pres. ind. of creer; ya lo creo well I should say so creyendo pres. p. creyeron 3 pl. pret. ind. of creer criado m. servant cruz f. cross cruzar to cross cruzase 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of cruzar cuadro m. picture cuál which, what; el cual who, which cuando, cuándo when cuánto how much cuarenta forty cuartel m. quarter cuarto m. quarter, fourth; room cuatro four; a las cuatro at four o’clock cubil m. den cubría 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of cubrir cubrir, cubrirse to cover cuclillo m. cuckoo cucú imitation of the cuckoo’s note cuchara f. spoon cuchillo m. knife cuenta f. account; echar sus cuentas to consider seriously cuento m. story cuestión f. question cuidado m. care; con cuidado carefully; tener cuidado to be careful, to be alarmed cura m. priest curar to cure
D
D. abbreviation of don
da impv. sing. or 3 sing. pres. ind. daba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. dado p. p. dan 3 pl. pres. ind. dando pres. p. of dar danza f. dance daño m. injury, damage dar to give; dar un paso to take a step; dar un paseo to take a walk; dar de comer to feed daré 1 sing. fut. ind. das 2 sing. pres. ind. of dar dé 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of dar; déme de cenar give me supper de of, from; del of the debajo de under debe 3 sing. pres. ind. debemos 1 pl. pres. ind. of deber deber to owe; ought, must, should debes 2 sing. pres. ind. debían 3 pl. imp. ind. debo 1 sing. pres. ind. of deber decía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of decir decidió 3 sing. pret. ind. of decidir decidir, decidirse to decide decir to say, tell declarar to declare declaró 3 sing. pret. ind. of declarar dedo m. finger deforme deformed deja 3 sing. pres. ind. of dejar; se deja quemar lets itself be burned dejan 3 pl. pres. ind. of dejar dejar to let, allow dejas 2 sing. pres. ind. dejó 3 sing. pret. ind. of dejar delante adv. before, ahead; delante de prep. before, in front of demás; lo demás the rest demasiado too, too much dentro de inside of, within derecho straight, right derramaban 3 pl. imp. ind. of derramar derramar to pour out; derramarse to be scattered, spread derrotar to rout, put to flight derrotó 3 sing. pret. ind. of derrotar desaparecer to disappear desapareció 3 sing. pret. ind. of desaparecer desaprobaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of desaprobar desaprobar to disapprove desarmado p. p. of desarmar desarmar to disarm descansar to rest descender to descend descendiendo pres. p. descendió 3 sing. pret. ind. desciende 3 sing. pres. ind. of descender desconsolado disconsolate, downcast descuidado careless, negligent, carelessly desde from, since desea 3 sing. pres. ind. deseaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. deseado p. p. of desear desear to desire, wish deseo m. desire desesperado in despair desesperarse to be in despair desesperas 2 sing. pres. ind. of desesperar desgracia f. misfortune desgraciado unfortunate; desgraciado de Vd. unfortunate man!
despachar to send away
despachó 3 sing. pret. ind. of despachar
despedida f. farewell
despertar to awake
despertó 3 sing. pret. ind. despierta impv. sing. of despertar después adv. afterwards, then; después de prep. after; después que conj. after; poco después shortly after destinado destined, intended destreza f. dexterity, nimbleness detener, detenerse to stop detiene 3 sing. pres. ind. of detener detrás de behind detuvieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of detener devastar to devastate, lay waste devastaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of devastar devolver to return; devolvérselo to return it to you (see vocabulary under se)
día m. day; a los pocos días after a few days; vivir al día to live from hand to mouth; todos los días every day; ocho días one week diablo m. devil dice 3 sing. pres. ind. of decir; se dice it is said, they say dicen 3 pl. pres. ind. dices 2 sing. pres. ind. diciendo pres. p. of decir dicha f. happiness.
dicho p. p. of decir; dicho esto having said this diente m. tooth dieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of dar diestro skilful diez ten diga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of decir; dígale tell him dijeron 3 pl. pret. ind. of decir dijo 3 sing. pret. ind. of decir; dijo que sí he said yes diligencia f. stagecoach dinero m. money dió 3 sing. pret. ind. of dar
Dios m. God
dirán 3 pl. fut. ind. diré 1 sing. fut. ind. of decir dirección f. direction dirigían 3 pl. imp. ind. dirigió 3 sing. pret. ind. of dirigir dirigir to direct, address; dirigirse to direct oneself, turn toward, apply to disponer to dispose, arrange dispuso 3 sing. pret. ind. of disponer disputa f. dispute distinguir to distinguish diversión f. amusement doce twelve; a las doce at twelve o’clock dócil docile doctor m. doctor dominio m. dominion don m. a title preceding Christian names don m. gift donde, dónde where; a donde where, whither; en donde where dormía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of dormir dormido p. p. of dormir; asleep dormir to sleep; dormirse to go to sleep, fall asleep dormirás 2 sing. fut. ind. of dormir dos two; las dos two o’clock; dos veces twice doscientos two hundred doy 1 sing. pres. ind. of dar dudar (de) to doubt; llegué a dudar (de) I was really in doubt dude 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of dudar; no dude Vd. don’t doubt dudo 1 sing. pres. ind. of dudar dueño m. owner duerma 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. duerme 3 sing. pres. ind. of dormir durante during duro hard; pan duro stale bread duro m. dollar
E
e and. Used instead of y before i or hi echar to throw, pour, put; echarse to throw oneself down, to lie down; echar sus cuentas to cast up accounts, to consider seriously; echar plantas to brag, boast echaron 3 pl. pret. ind. echó 3 sing. pret. ind. of echar edad f. age; la de más edad the oldest, elder edificio m. building efecto m. effect; en efecto indeed, in fact efigie f. effigy, image efusión f. effusion, emotion ejemplo m. example; por ejemplo for example
él he; him (after a preposition)
el the; el que he who, the one who; el de that of elemento m. element eleva 3 sing. pres. ind. of elevar elevar to raise; elevarse to rise ella she; (after a preposition) her, it ellos they; (after a preposition) them embarcar to embark, embarcarse to embark, go on shipboard embestir to assault, rush against empeño m. earnest desire, determination emperador m. emperor empezado p. p. of empezar empezar to begin empezaron 3 pl. pret. ind. empezó 3 sing. pret. ind. of empezar emplean 3 pl. pres. ind. of emplear emplear to use empuñar to grasp empuñó 3 sing. pret. ind. of empuñar en in, on encantado enchanted encantamiento m. enchantment encender to light encendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of encender encerrado p. p. of encerrar encerrar to lock up encerrarían 3 pl. cond. encerraron 3 pl. pret. ind. of encerrar enciende impv. sing. of encender encierro m. imprisonment encontrado p. p. of encontrar encontrar to meet, find encontraron 3 pl. pret. ind. encontré 1 sing. pret. ind. encontró 3 sing. pret. ind. encuentra 3 sing. pres. ind. encuentran 3 pl. pres. ind. encuentre 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. encuentren 3 pl. pres. subj. encuentres 2 sing. pres. subj. of encontrar enemigo m. enemy enfermedad f. illness enfermo ill, sick; m. patient enojado angry, vexed, in bad humor ensayaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of ensayar ensayar to rehearse, practise enseñando pres. p. of enseñar enseñar to teach, show; enseñarles to teach them entender to understand; entender de to be a judge of entenderá 3 sing. fut. ind. entiendes 2 sing. pres. ind. of entender entonces then; por entonces at that time entra 3 sing. pres. ind. of entrar entrada f. entrance entran 3 pl. pres. ind. of entrar entrar (en) to enter, go in entraría 1 and 3 sing, cond.; entraron 3 pl. pret. ind. entré 1 sing. pret. ind. of entrar entre between, among; entre sí within himself; por entre among entregar to deliver, hand over entristecido saddened entró 3 sing. pret. ind. of entrar envejecer to grow old enviado p. p. of enviar enviar to send envidioso envious envió 3 sing. pret. ind. of enviar era 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. eran 3 pl. imp. ind. of ser erección f. erection eres 2 sing. pres. ind. of ser es 3 sing. pres. ind. of ser; es que the fact is that escalera f. stair escena f. scene escoger to choose, select escogió 3 sing. pret. ind. of escoger esconder to hide, conceal esconderé 1 sing. fut. ind. escondido p. p. escondió 3 sing. pret. ind. of esconder escondite m. hiding-place escriba 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. escribe 3 sing. pres. ind. escribía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. escribieron 3 pl. pret. ind. escribió 3 sing. pret. ind. of escribir escribir to write escribo 1 sing. pres. ind. escrito p. p. of escribir escritor m. writer escrúpulo m. scruple escuadrón m. squadron, troop escuchando pres. p. of escuchar escuchar to listen ese (-a -os -as) that; pl. those eso that; por eso therefore, so espada f. sword espantar to frighten; espantarse (de) to be astonished (at)
espanto 1 sing. pres. ind. of espantar
España f. Spain
especie f. kind
espectáculo m. spectacle
espera impv. sing. esperaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. esperando pres. p. of esperar esperanza f. hope esperar to await, wait for, hope, expect esperaré 1 sing. fut. ind. espero 1 sing. pres. ind. of esperar esposa f. wife esposo m. husband; los esposos husband and wife espuela f. spur está 3 sing. pres. ind. of estar; está bien all right estaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. estaban 3 pl. imp. ind. estado p. p. están 3 pl. pres. ind. of estar estanque m. pond estar to be estaré 1 sing. fut. ind. estás 2 sing. pres. ind. of estar este (-a -os -as) this; pl. these
éste (-a -os -as) this one, the latter estimaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of estimar estimar to esteem, value esto this estoy 1 sing. pres. ind. of estar estrechar to press estrechó 3 sing. pret. ind. of estrechar estuve 1 sing. pret. ind. estuvo 3 sing. pret. ind. of estar etc. etc.
Europa f. Europe
exactamente exactly
examen m. examination
examinando pres. p. of examinar
examinar to examine
examinaron 3 pl. pret. ind. examinó 3 sing. pret. ind. of examinar excelente excellent exclama 3 sing. pres. ind. exclamaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. exclamando pres. p. of exclamar exclamar to exclaim exclamó 3 sing. pret. ind. of exclamar excusar to excuse explicar to explain explicó 3 sing. pret. ind. of explicar extranjero m. stranger extraviado out of the way
Extremadura f. a province of Spain
F
fabricar to manufacture, make
fabricas 2 sing. pres. ind. of fabricar
fabulilla f. little fable
falda f. slope (of mountain); skirt (of woman)
falta f. lack
fama f. reputation, fame
familia f. family
famoso famous
fastidioso tiresome
favor m. favor, compliment
favorable favorable
fe f. faith; a fe que in truth febrero m. February feliz happy felizmente happily, safely feo ugly feria f. fair feroz fierce, ferocious fiaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of fiar fiar to trust fiel faithful figura f. form, figure fijar to fix fije 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of fijar; fije Vd. fix fin m. end; al fin at last finca f. estate, property fingió 3 sing. pret. ind. of fingir fingir to feign, pretend flanco m. side flauta f. flute flautista m. flute-player flor f. flower; flor de lis fleur-de-lis, iris fonda f. inn, restaurant formal serious, earnest forman 3 pl. pres. ind. of formar formar to form fortuna f. fortune fósforo m. match frecuentado frequented, travelled frío cold; m. cold; hace frío it is cold; hace mucho frío it is very cold; hacía frío it was cold frívolo frivolous fue 3 sing. pret. ind. of ser or ir; se fue he went away, went off fuego m. fire fuera de outside of fueron 3 pl. pret. ind. of ser or ir; se fueron they went away, went off fuerte strong fuga f. flight fugarse to run away, flee fui 1 sing. pret. ind. of ser or ir furioso furious
G
galgo m. greyhound; y muy galgos and very much greyhounds galopar to gallop galope m. gallop; a galope tendido at full gallop gallina f. hen gallo m. rooster, cock gamo m. deer, buck ganaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of ganar ganar to gain, earn ganga f. bargain ganso m. goose garboso graceful, elegant gastado p. p. gastan 3 pl. pres. ind. of gastar gastar to wear, spend; gastarse to wear out, be spent gastaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of gastar generosamente generously generoso noble, generous gente f. people gobernador m. governor golpe m. blow; de un golpe at one blow golpear to strike, hit, hammer
Gómez m. name of man
gordo fat
gota f. drop
gracia f. grace; pl. thanks
gran see grande
grande great, large; m. grandee
gris gray
grita 3 sing. pres. ind. gritando pres. p. of gritar gritar to cry gritó 3 sing. pret. ind. of gritar gruñir to growl gruñó 3 sing. pret. ind. of gruñir guapo m. gallant, beau guardar to guard, keep guarde 1 and 3 pres. subj. of guardar; que Alá los guarde may Allah protect you; guarde esta sentencia un autor let an author keep this judgment in mind guardia f. guard guisado m. stew, fricassee gustar to please gustaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of gustar gustaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of gustar; le gustaron they pleased him, he liked them gusto m. pleasure, taste gustó 3 sing. pret. ind. of gustar; le gustó it pleased him (her), he (she) liked it
H
ha 3 sing. pres. ind. of haber; ha de is to, has to, shall, should haber to have había 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of haber; impers. there was, there were habían 3 pl. imp. ind. of haber habilidad f. ability, talent habitación f. room habitante m. inhabitant hablaban 3 pl. imp. ind. hablado p. p. hablan 3 pl. pres. ind. hablando pres. p. of hablar hablar to speak hablaremos 1 pl. fut. ind. hablaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of hablar hable 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of hablar; hable Vd. speak habrán 3 pl. fut. ind. habrían 3 pl. cond. of haber hace 3 sing. pres. ind. hacen 3 pl. pres. ind. of hacer hacer to do, make; hacer la corte to pay attentions to; hacer de persona to exalt oneself, show off; hacer pedazos to break into pieces; hacer una pregunta to ask a question; hace frío (calor) it is cold (hot); hace mucho frío (calor) it is very cold (hot); hacía frío (calor) it was cold (hot); hace (hacía) sol the sun is (was) shining; hace mal tiempo the weather is bad; hace muchos años many years ago; hace tres años three years ago; hace mucho tiempo a long time ago haces 2 sing. pres. ind. hacía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of hacer hacia toward haciendo pres. p. of hacer hacha f. axe haga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of hacer; haga Vd. do hagan 3 pl. pres. subj. of hacer; que lo hagan have them make it hago 1 sing. pres. ind. of hacer hallado p. p. hallando pres. p. of hallar hallar to find hallarás 2 sing. fut. ind. hallo 1 sing. pres. ind. halló 3 sing. pret. ind. of hallar hambre f. hunger; tener hambre to be hungry; tener mucha hambre to be very hungry han 3 pl. pres. ind. of haber; han de are to, have to, must hará 3 sing. fut. ind. haré 1 sing. fut. ind. of hacer has 2 sing. pres. ind. of haber; has de you are to, you must hasta prep. until, as far as, up to; hasta que conj. until; hasta aquí as far as this hay there is, there are; no hay que one (you) must not; no lo hay there isn’t any he 1 sing. pres. ind. of haber he: he aquí behold, here is (are)
hecho p. p. of hacer
herido p. p. of herir
herir to wound, strike
hermana f. sister
hermano m. brother
hermoso beautiful, fair
hicieron 3 pl. pret. ind of hacer
hidalguía f. nobleness, liberality
hierba f. grass
hierbecillas f. pl. grass, blades of grass
hierro m. iron
hija f. daughter
hijo m. son; pl. children; hijo mayor eldest son; hijo menor youngest son hirió 3 sing. pret. ind. of herir hizo 3 sing. pret. ind. of hacer
Holanda f. Holland
hombre m. man
honor m. honor
honrar to honor
hora f. hour
horma f. shoemaker’s last
hospital m. hospital
hospitalidad f. hospitality
hoy to-day; desde hoy from to-day on
hu-u-u-u imitation of the sound of the wind hubo 3 sing. pret. ind. of haber; hubo de exclamar exclaimed, went on to exclaim; se hubo de colar began to pass (into)
huele 3 sing. pres. ind. of oler
huerto m. garden
huir to flee, run away
humano human
húmedo wet, damp
huyendo pres. p. huyeron 3 pl. pret. ind. huyó 3 sing. pret. ind. of huir
I
iba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of ir ida f. going ido p. p. of ir iglesia f. church ignorante ignorant igual equal, uniform, unchangeable igualmente equally impetuosísimo very impetuous, rushing, raging impetuoso impetuous importa 3 sing. pres. ind. of importar importante important importar to matter, be important imposible impossible indispensable indispensable individuo m. individual, person infame infamous, vile infinito infinitely, exceedingly inflamado p. p. of inflamar inflamar to inflame, inspire informar to inform; informarse to find out ingenuamente ingenuously, frankly inglés English; m. Englishman ingrato ungrateful, ingrate; harsh, disagreeable inminente imminent inmóvil motionless insaciable insatiable, never satisfied insistió 3 sing. pret. ind. of insistir insistir to insist instante, m. instant, moment; al instante at once, immediately interés m. interest interpretaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of interpretar interpretar to interpret intransitable impassable inundar to flood inundaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of inundar invadir to invade invasión f. invasion invención f. invention inventar to invent invento 1 sing. pres. ind. of inventar ir to go; irse to go away, go off; irse a pique to sink, founder irrita 3 sing. pres. ind. of irritar irritar to irritate; irritarse to become irritated, angry
Isabel f. Isabella
izquierdo left
J
jabalí m. wild boar
Jalma m. name of man
jamás never
jardín m. garden
jefe m. chief
José m. Joseph
joven young; m. young man; f. girl, young woman
Juan m. John
juez m. judge
Julieta f. Juliet
junto together; junto a near, close to
jurar to swear
juro 1 sing. pres. ind. of jurar
juzgado m. court
L
la pers. pro. she, it
la f. the; la que she who, the one who; la de she of, that of, she who was lacre m. sealing wax lado m. side; por todos lados on all sides ladrón m. robber, thief lamentación f. lament, cry lamentar, lamentarse to lament, grieve lamento m. moan, cry
Lamsaco m. Lampsacus (in ancient geography, a city of Asia Minor on the Hellespont)
lanza f. lance
largo long
las pl. of la the; las de those of las, pers. pro. them, you lavaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of lavar lavar to wash le him, to him, to her, you, to you leal loyal
Leal m. name of Aliatar’s horse
lección f. lesson
leche f. milk
lecho m. couch, bed
leer to read
legua f. league
leído p. p. of leer
lejos far
lengua f. tongue, language
leña f. firewood
les to them
lesna f. awl
letrero m. sign, notice
levantar to raise, lift; levantarse to rise, get up levantaron 3 pl. pret. ind. levantó 3 sing. pret. ind. of levantar libertad f. freedom, liberty; poner en libertad to set free librar to free libre free libren 3 pl. pres. subj. of librar liebre f. hare ligereza f. swiftness, fleetness lis f.: flor de lis fleur-de-lis, iris lo pers. pro. him, it lo neut. art. the; lo que what, that which, which Loja f. name of place loro m. parrot los pl. of el the los pers. pro. them, you lucir to show, display luchando pres. p. of luchar luchar to struggle luego then, therefore lugar m. place, village lugareño m. villager lujoso luxurious luz f. light
Ll
llamaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. llamado p. p. of llamar llamar to call, knock; llamarse to be called; me llamo my name is llamaré 1 sing. fut. ind. llamo 1 sing. pres. ind. llamó 3 sing. pret. ind. of llamar llave f. key llega 3 sing. pres. ind. llegan 3 pl. pres. ind. llegando pres. p. of llegar llegar to arrive; al llegar on arriving llegaron 3 pl. pret. ind. llego 1 sing. pres. ind. llegó 3 sing. pret. ind. llegue 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of llegar llegué 1 sing. prt. ind. of llegar; llegué a dudar I really doubted lleno full lleva impv. sing. of llevar; llévatela take it along lleva 3 sing. pres. ind. llevaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. llevando pres. p. of llevar llevar to carry, take, wear, bear; llevarse to carry off llevaré 1 sing. fut. ind. llevaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. llevaron 3 pl. pret. ind. llevase 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. llevasen 3 pl. imp. subj. lleve 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of llevar lleven 3 pl. pres. subj. of llevar; llévense carry away llevó 3 sing. pret. ind. of llevar llorando pres. p. of llorar llorar to weep, cry llover to rain; llover a cántaros to rain hard, pour llovía 3 sing. imp. ind. llueve 3 sing. pres. ind. of llover lluvia f. rain
M
madre f. mother
Madrid m. Madrid (capital of Spain)
madriguera f. burrow, den
magnífico magnificent, splendid
majestad f. majesty
mal m. harm, injury
mal adj. see malo
mal adv. badly, ill
malo bad, ill
mandado p. p. of mandar
mandar to order, command; send; mandar hacer to have made; mandar quemar to order to be burned manera f. manner, way; de la misma manera in the same way; de esta (esa) manera in this (that) way mango m. handle maniatado p. p. of maniatar maniatar to tie one’s hands, manacle manifestar to state, inform manifestó 3 sing. pret. ind. of manifestar mano f. hand mantener to support mañana f. morning; adv. to-morrow; por la mañana in the morning mar m. sea marido m. husband marinero m. sailor marchar to march, go; marcharse to go, go off marcharon 3 pl. pret. ind. marchó 3 sing. pret. ind. of marchar martillo m. hammer marzo m. March mas but más more, most mata f. bush, shrub matado p. p. of matar matar to kill matara 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. matas 2 sing. pres. ind. of matar matasiete m. killer of seven, seven-killer mato 1 sing. pres. ind. mató 3 sing. pret. ind. of matar matrimonio m. marriage mayor greater, greatest, larger, largest, older, oldest me me, to (for) me medalla f. medal, medallion mediano medium, medium-sized medias f. pl. stockings medicina f. medicine médico m. doctor medio half, mid; media noche midnight meditar to consider, meditate meditó 3 sing. pret. ind. of meditar mejor better, best menear to stir, shake; menearse to stir about, “hustle”
meneo 1 sing. pres. ind. of menear
menor smaller, younger, youngest
menos less, least
menospreciado p. p. of menospreciar
menospreciar to underrate, despise
merece 3 sing. pres. ind. of merecer
merecer to deserve
mereces 2 sing. pres. ind. merecía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of merecer mes m. month mesa f. table; poner la mesa to set (lay) the table metamorfosis f. metamorphosis, transformation meter to put; meterse to get in; meterse detrás de to get behind metió 3 sing. pret. ind. of meter mezquino mean, paltry, poor mi my mí me miedo m. fear; tener miedo to be afraid mientras while, as long as mieses f. pl. crops mil a thousand minuto m. minute mío mine, my; el mío mine mira 3 sing. pres. ind. miraba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of mirar mirada f. look, glance mirando pres. p. of mirar mirar to look at; mirar por to look out of miren 3 pl. pres. subj. of mirar; mírenlo Vds. look at him miró 3 sing. pret. ind. of mirar miserable wretched; m. wretched man miseria f. poverty mismo same; lo mismo que the same as, as well as modesto modest modo m. mode, manner; de tal modo in such a way; del propio modo in the same way molinero m. miller momento m. moment; importance mona f. monkey moneda f. coin montar to mount monte m. mountain montó 3 sing. pret. ind. of montar mordaza f. gag moribundo dying morir, morirse to die morirás 2 sing. fut. ind. moriré 1 sing. fut. ind. moriréis 2 pl. fut. ind. of morir moro m. Moor mosca f. fly mosquito m. mosquito motivo m. motive mover, moverse to move moveré 1 sing. fut. ind. movía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of mover movimiento m. movement movió 3 sing. pret. ind. of mover mozo m. porter muchísimo very much mucho much; pl. many muebles m. pl. furniture muerte f. death muerto p. p. of morir mueve 3 sing. pres. ind. of mover mujer f. woman, wife mundo m. world murió 3 sing. pret. ind. of morir música f. music muy very
N
nada nothing; not at all
nada 3 sing. pres. ind. of nadar
nadar to swim
nadie no one, nobodynado 1 sing. pres. ind. of nadar natural natural necesario necessary; todo lo necesario everything necessary necesidad f. necessity necesita 3 sing. pres. ind. of necesitar necesitar to need necio m. fool negado p. p. of negar negar to deny; negarse (a) to refuse negocios m. pl. business negro black; m. negro nevar to snow ni nor, not even; ni... ni neither... nor nieve f. snow ninguno no, none; no one niña f. girl, child no no; not noble noble; m. noble noche f. night; de noche, por la noche at night nombrado celebrated, famous nombre m. name norte m. north nos us, to us notar to note, observe noticia f. news notó 3 sing. pret. ind. of notar noventa ninety noviembre m. November novio m. lover, fiance nube f. cloud nuestro our, ours, of ours nueve nine nuevo new; de nuevo again número m. number nunca never
O
o or; o... o either... or
o, oh inter. oh
obedecer to obey
obedeció 3 sing. pret. ind. of obedecer
obligar to oblige, compel
obligó 3 sing. pret. ind. of obligar
obra f. work
obrero m. workman
obsequiar to entertain, show attention; obsequiar a porfía to show rivalry in entertaining obsequiaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of obsequiar observar to observe observó 3 sing. pret. ind. of observar obtener to obtain ocasión f. occasion, opportunity oculta 3 sing. pres. ind. of ocultar ocultar to hide, conceal ocurrido p. p. of ocurrir ocurrir to happen, occur ochenta eighty ocho eight; ocho días a week oficial m. officer oficina f. office oficio m. work, trade, business ofrecer to offer, promise ofrecieron 3 pl. pret. ind. ofreció 3 sing. pret. ind. ofrezco 1 sing. pres. ind. of ofrecer oír to hear; al oír on hearing ojo m. eye oleaje m. surge, waves oler (a) to smell (of)
olvidado p. p. olvidando pres. p. of olvidar olvidar to forget olvide 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of olvidar; no olvide Vd. don’t forget; olvidó 3 sing. pret. ind. of olvidar olla f. pot, kettle ora... ora now... now orden f. order; a las órdenes under the command ordinario ordinary; de ordinario usual oriente m. East, orient orilla f. bank, shore; a orillas on the shore oro m. gold oscuro dark; a oscuras in the dark oso m. bear otoño m. autumn otro other, another; otra vez again; otro tanto as much more oveja f. sheep oyeron 3 pl. pret. ind. of oír oyó 3 sing. pret. ind. of oír; oyó las dos he heard two o’clock strike
P
paciente patient
padre m. father
pagado p. p. of pagar
pagar to pay
pagó 3 sing. pret. ind. of pagar
país m. country
pájaro m. bird
palabra f. word; tener palabra to keep one’s word palacio m. palace pan m. bread; pan tierno fresh bread; pan duro stale bread panal m. honey-comb pañuelo m. handkerchief papá m. papa para for, in order to; para que in order that paraguas m. umbrella parece 3 sing. pres. ind. of parecer parecer to seem, appear; parecerse a to look like; qué le parece a Vd. what do you think of, how do you like parecerá 3 sing. fut. ind. parecía 3 sing. imp. ind. parecían 3 pl. imp. ind. pareció 3 sing. pret. ind. of parecer pariente m. relative parte f. part; en ninguna parte nowhere, not anywhere; por todas partes everywhere pasa 3 sing. pres. ind. pasaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of pasar pasado p. p. of pasar; past pasar to pass; pasar de to be more than, exceed; al pasar on passing paseaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of pasear pasearse to take a walk, ride, drive paseo 1 sing. pres. ind. of pasear paseo m. walk; dar un paseo to take a walk pasmar to stun, astound; pasmarse to be astounded, stunned pasmaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of pasmar paso m. step, passage; dar un paso to take a step pasó 3 sing. pret. ind. of pasar patata f. potato patio m. court-yard pato m. duck pavo m. turkey paz f. peace, tranquillity peana f. pedestal pecado m. sin pedazo m. piece; hacer pedazos to break into pieces pedía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. pedido p. p. of pedir pedir to ask, ask for, order
Pedro m. Peter
peinar to comb; peinarse to comb one’s hair peine m. comb peinó 3 sing. pret. ind. of peinar peligro m. danger, peril pena f. pain, grief penoso painful, laborious pensaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. pensando pres. p. of pensar pensar (en) to think (of), intend peor worse, worst pequeño small, little perder to lose perderás 2 sing. fut. ind. of perder perdido p. p. of perder; me he perdido I am ruined; se me ha perdido he is lost perdonar to pardon perdone 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of perdonar; perdóneme Vd. pardon me perdono 1 sing. pres. ind. of perdonar
Pérez m. name of man
perfecto perfect
perito expert
perjudica 3 sing. pres. ind. of perjudicar
perjudicar to damage, injure, be prejudicial
permanecer to remain
permaneció 3 sing. pret. ind. of permanecer
permiso m. permission
permiten 3 pl. pres. ind. of permitir
permitir to permit, allow
pero but
perseguir to pursue
persiguieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of perseguir
persona f. person; hacer de persona to exalt oneself, show off perro m. dog pesar m. sorrow; a pesar de in spite of peseta f. peseta, franc piamontés m. Piedmontese (one from Piedmont, a region in northwestern Italy)
pícaro villanous, mischievous
picapedrero m. stone-cutter
picarón m. rascal, rogue
pide 3 sing. pres. ind. pidiendo pres. p. pidió 3 sing. pret. ind. of pedir pie m. foot piedra f. stone pierda 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of perder pilar m. column pillan 3 pl. pres. ind. of pillar pillar to seize, catch pintor m. painter pique m. pique; irse a pique to founder, sink, go to the bottom plano m. plan planta f. plant; echar plantas to brag, boast plantar to plant planté 1 sing. pret. ind. of plantar plata f. silver plato m. plate plazo m. period, time plebeyo plebeian; m. plebeian, commons pleito m. law-suit pluma f. pen población f. town pobre poor; el pobre the poor man; los pobres the poor (people, animals, etc.); pobre de mí alas for me poco little; pl. few; a los pocos días after a few days; poco antes shortly before; poco después shortly after podemos 1 pl. pres. ind. of poder podenco m. hound; digo que podencos I say hounds poder to be able, can poder m. power poderoso powerful podía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of poder podían 3 pl. imp. ind. of poder; nada podían they could do nothing, were powerless podré 1 sing. fut. ind. podría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of poder polvo m. dust pollo m. chicken ponderado p. p. of ponderar ponderar to praise highly poner to put; ponerse to get, become; ponerse en camino to set out; poner en libertad to set free; poner la mesa to set the table poniente m. West por for, by, through, for the sake of, in exchange for; por entre among; por allí over there; por ciento per cent; por entonces at that time porción f. portion porfía f. obstinacy; obsequiaron a porfía they rivalled each other in showing attentions porfiar to insist porfió 3 sing. pret. ind. of porfiar porque because porqué, por qué why posada f. inn, hotel posadera f. landlady, innkeeper’s wife poseer to possess, own poseía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. poseo 1 sing. pres. ind. of poseer posible possible potro m. colt prado m. meadow, field preceder to precede precedido p. p. of preceder precio m. price precioso precious precisamente exactly preciso necessary preferir to prefer prefiero 1 sing. pres. ind. of preferir pregunta f. question; hacer una pregunta to ask a question pregunta 3 sing. pres. ind. preguntando pres. p. of preguntar preguntar to ask preguntaré 1 sing. fut. ind. preguntaron 3 pl. pret. ind. preguntó 3 sing. pret. ind. of preguntar prendero m. pawnbroker preparar to prepare preparó 3 sing. pret. ind. of preparar presencia f. presence presentaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. presentando pres. p. of presentar presentar to present presentarás 2 sing. fut. ind. of presentar presente present presentó 3 sing. pret. ind. of presentar preso imprisoned; m. prisoner prestar to lend presto 1 sing. pres. ind. of prestar primer, primero first primor m. excellence, dexterity princesa f. princess principal principal, chief príncipe m. prince prisa f. hurry, haste; tener prisa to be in a hurry prisionero m. prisoner probable probable probado p. p. of probar probar to try, taste probó 3 sing. pret. ind. of probar profundamente deeply promesa f. promise prometer to promise prometido p. p. prometí 1 sing. pret. ind. prometió 3 sing. pret. ind. of prometer pronto soon; tan pronto como as soon as propio own; same provincia f. province provisto (de) provided (with)
próximo next
pudiera 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of poder; si yo pudiera if I could (might)
pudieran 3 pl. imp. subj. of poder; pudieran Vds. you might be able pudo 3 sing. pret. ind. of poder pueblo m. village, town; people pueda 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. puede 3 sing. pres. ind. pueden 3 pl. pres. ind. puedes 2 sing. pres. ind. puedo 1 sing. pres. ind. of poder puerca f. pig puerco m. pig puerta f. door, gate puerto m. port, harbor pues adv. then, therefore, well; conj. for, since, as; pues bien very well, well then; pues qué well then, what then; pues que since puesto que since pulso m. pulse; tomar el pulso to feel the pulse punto m. point; a punto de on the point of puñal m. dagger puro pure pusieron 3 pl. pret. ind. puso 3 sing. pret. ind. of poner
Q
que rel. pro. who, that, which; lo que what, which; el que he who, the one who; la que she who, the one who que conj. that; for; than, as; con que so then, so that; que sea let it be; que Alá los guarde may Allah protect you qué what; how; qué tal what do you think of it; qué bien how well; pues qué what then, well then; y qué and what of that; qué tienes what’s the matter with you quedar, quedarse to remain quedo quiet quejido m. moan quemaban 3 pl. imp. ind. quemado p. p. of quemar quemar to burn; mandar quemar to order to be burned querer to wish, want; love quería 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. querían 3 pl. imp. ind. querido p. p. queriendo pres. p. of querer quien, quién who; de quien whose; a quien whom quiera 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. quieras 2 sing. pres. subj. quiere 3 sing. pres. ind. quieres 2 sing. pres. ind. quiero 1 sing. pres. ind. of querer quieto quiet, still quinientos five hundred quisiera 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of querer; I should like, he would like quitar, quitarse to take away, take off, remove quitó 3 sing. pret. ind. of quitar
R
rabia f. rage
raro rare, odd
rayo m. ray, beam
raza f. race
razonable reasonable
real m. (1/4 of a peseta or about 5 cents)
recetado p. p. of recetar
recetar to prescribe
recibido p. p. recibió 3 sing. pret. ind. of recibir recibir to receive recibirá 3 sing. fut. ind. of recibir recluta m. recruit recoger to get again, pick up recogeré 1 sing. fut. ind. of recoger reconocer to recognize reconoces 2 sing. pres. ind. of reconocer recorrer to go over, go all through recorrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of recorrer recuerdo m. souvenir, remembrance referir to refer, relate, tell refirieron 3 pl. pret. ind. refirió 3 sing pret. ind. of referir regalar to give, present regalo 1 sing. pres. ind. regaló 3 sing. pret. ind. of regalar regalo m. present, gift; gratification, regalement regla f. rule regocijo m. rejoicing rehusar to refuse reloj m. clock, watch remediar to remedy, help remedio m. remedy, help remendando pres. p. of remendar remendar to mend remozado p. p. of remozar remozar to rejuvenate, make young again remozarán 3 pl. fut. ind. of remozar rendir, rendirse to surrender replica 3 sing. pres. ind. of replicar replicar to reply replicó 3 sing. pret. ind. of replicar reposaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of reposar reposar to rest, repose reprender to reprove, reprimand reprendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of reprender requisito m. requisite rescate m. ransom resignar to resign; resignarse to be resigned resistencia f. resistance resoplido m. snort responde 3 sing. pres. ind. of responder responder to answer, reply respondió 3 sing. pret. ind. of responder respondiole = le respondió respuesta f. answer, reply retroceder to draw back retrocedió 3 sing. pret. ind. of retroceder reverdecen 3 pl. pres. ind. of reverdecer reverdecer to grow green again revuelta f. return, winding rey m. king rico rich; el rico the rich man rienda f. rein rigor m. rigor, severity; en rigor to be precise, strictly speaking río m. river riqueza f. wealth robado p. p. of robar robar to steal roca f. rock rodeaban 3 pl. imp. ind. of rodear rodeado p. p. of rodear; rodeado de surrounded by rodear to surround rojo red
Romeo m. Romeo
rostro m. face
rotundamente roundly, positively
rudamente roughly, hard
rudo rough, hard
ruido m. noise
S
sabe 3 sing. pres. ind. saben 3 pl. pres. ind. of saber saber to know, know how; learn sabes 2 sing. pres. ind. sabía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. sabían 3 pl. imp. ind. of saber sabido p. p. of saber; tenga sabido learn, bear in mind sabio wise; m. wise man, sage sacar to take out, bring out, put out sacaron 3 pl. pret. ind. sacó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sacar sacre m. falcon sacudió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sacudir sacudir to shake sala f. room salario m. salary, pay salga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of salir; que salga let him (her) come forth; salga bien o mal whether it prove good or bad salía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. salido p. p. saliendo pres. p. salieron 3 pl. pret. ind. salió 3 sing. pret. ind. of salir salir to go out, come out, leave saltar to leap, jump saltó 3 sing. pret. ind. of saltar saludar to greet, salute saludó 3 sing. pret. ind. of saludar salvar to save salvó 3 sing. pret. ind. of salvar
Satanás m. Satan
satisfecho (de or con) satisfied (with)
se reflex pro. himself, herself, themselves, yourself, yourselves; to himself, etc.
se pers. pro. It is used as a substitute for le, les when these are immediately followed by another pronoun of the third person. So se lo means, it to him (her, them, you) Se lo doy I give it to him (her, them, you)
sé 1 sing. pres. ind. of saber
sea 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of ser; que sea let it be seco dry secreto m. secret sed f. thirst; tener sed to be thirsty seda f. silk seguía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. seguían 3 pl. imp. ind. of seguir seguida, en seguida at once, immediately seguido p. p. of seguir; seguido de followed by seguir to follow, go on, continue según according to (as)
segundo second
seis six
semana f. week
senda f. path
sentado p. p. of sentar; seated, sitting
sentar to seat; sentarse to sit down; al sentarse on sitting down sentencia f. sentence, verdict, judgment sentía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of sentir sentimiento m. sentiment, feeling sentir to feel, regret sentó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sentar señalando pres. p. of señalar señalar to point out señor m. sir, gentleman, Mr.
señora f. lady, madam, Mrs.
señorita f. young lady, young mistress, Miss
seor popular form of señor
ser to be
será 3 sing. fut. ind. serán 3 pl. fut. ind. seré 1 sing. fut. ind. sería 1 and 3 sing. cond. of ser serpiente f. serpent, snake servicio m. service servidor m. servant, servitor servir to serve; servir de to serve as servirá 3 sing. fut. ind. of servir sesenta sixty setenta seventy sí himself, herself, themselves; para sí to himself, etc.; entre sí within himself, etc.
sí yes; contestó que sí he answered yes; dijo que sí he said yes si if siempre always; para siempre forever; siempre que whenever sienta impv. sing. of sentar; siéntate sit down siento 1 sing. pres. ind. of sentar or sentir siesta f. siesta, after-dinner nap siete seven siguiendo pres. p. of seguir siguiente following; al día siguiente on the following day siguieron 3 pl. pret. ind. siguió 3 sing. pret. ind. of seguir silbo m. hiss silla f. chair sin without sino but, except; sino que but sintió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sentir sirviente m. servant sitio m. place, spot sobre on, upon, over; sobre todo especially, above all sol m. sun, sunshine; hace sol the sun is shining, the sun shines; hacía sol the sun shone, was shining solamente only soldado m. soldier soler to be accustomed solía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of soler solo alone sólo only sombra f. shadow, shade sombra 3 sing. pres. ind. of sombrar sombrar to shade sombrero m. hat sombrilla f. parasol, sunshade sonar to sound, play sonido m. sound sonó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sonar sonreir, sonreirse to smile sonrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sonreir soñaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of soñar soñar (con) to dream (of)
soñó 3 sing. pret. ind. of soñar
sopa f. soup
sorprender to surprise
sorprendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sorprender
sospechar to suspect
sostener to sustain, hold
sostenían 3 pl. imp. ind. sostienen 3 pl. pres. ind. of sostener soy 1 sing. pres. ind. of ser su pl. sus his, her, its, your, their subir to go up, climb subo 1 sing. pres. ind. of subir suceder to happen sucedió 3 sing. pret. ind. of suceder suceso m. event sudor m. perspiration suegra f. mother-in-law suelo 1 sing. pres. ind. of soler suelo m. floor, ground sueño m. sleep, dream; en sueños when he was dreaming suerte f. fate, lot, luck; manner; de aquesta (esta) suerte in this manner sujetar to hold fast, overpower sujetó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sujetar suma f. sum, amount supo 3 sing. pret. ind. of saber suponer to suppose; suponerse to be supposed supremo supreme, critical sur m. south suspiraba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. suspirando pres. p. of suspirar suspirar to sigh suyo his, her, its, their, your; el suyo his own, her own, etc.; los suyos your men, his men
T
tal such; tal vez perhaps; qué tal what do you think of it, how are you talento m. talent, ability tallo m. stalk, stem tamaño m. size también also tampoco neither, not either tan so, as tanto as much, so much; pl. as many, so many; tantas veces so often; otro tanto just as much, as much more tapa 3 sing. pres. ind. of tapar tapar to cover, hide tarde late tarde f. afternoon, evening; por la tarde in the afternoon tarea f. task taza f. cup te you, to you temprano early ten impv. sing. of tener; tente impv. sing. of tenerse stop tender to stretch, stretch out tendido p. p. of tender; a galope tendido at full gallop tendrían 3 pl. cond. of tener tenedor m. fork tenemos 1 pl. pres. ind. of tener tener to have, hold; tenerse to stop; tener cuidado to be careful, to be alarmed; tener hambre to be hungry; tener mucha hambre to be very hungry; tener miedo to be afraid; tener palabra to keep one’s word; tener prisa to be in a hurry; tener que to have to, must; qué tienes what’s the matter with you; cuántos años tenía how old he (she) was tenga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of tener; tenga sabido learn, bear in mind tengas 2 sing. pres. subj. tengo 1 sing. pres. ind. tenía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. tenían 3 pl. imp. ind. tenido p. p. of tener tercer, tercero third término m. term tesoro m. treasure testamento m. will testigo m. and f. witness tiempo m. time; weather; con el tiempo in the course of time; mucho tiempo a long time; hace mal tiempo it’s bad weather; hace mucho tiempo a long time ago tienda f. shop, store tienen 3 pl. pres. ind. tienes 2 sing. pres. ind. of tener tierno tender; pan tierno fresh bread tierra f. earth, land tigre m. tiger tirar to throw tiritando pres. p. of tiritar tiritar (de) to tremble, shake (with)
tiró 3 sing. pret. ind. of tirar
tocar to touch; play (musical instrument)
tocó 3 sing. pret. ind. of tocar
todavía still, yet
todo all, each; everything; todos los hombres every man; sobre todo especially, above all toma impv. sing. tomando pres. p. of tomar tomar to take; (of soup) to eat; tomarse to eat up; tomar el pulso to feel the pulse tome 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of tomar; tómela Vd. take it tomó 3 sing. pret. ind. of tomar tontería f. foolish action tonto foolish; m. and f. fool toque 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of tocar torrente m. torrent trabaja 3 sing. pres. ind. of trabajar trabajar to work trabajo 1 sing. pres. ind. of trabajar trabajo m. work traer to bring traes 2 sing. pres. ind. traía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of traer traiga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of traer; tráigame bring me trajese 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. trajo 3 sing. pret. ind. of traer tranquilizar to calm, reassure; tranquilizarse to be reassured tranquilizó 3 sing. pret. ind. of tranquilizar transformado p. p. of transformar transformar to transform, change tras behind, after tratar (de) to try (to)
trate 1 and 3 sing, pres, subj. trató 3 sing. pret. ind. of tratar trazar to draw, trace tres three treinta thirty; treinta y cinco thirty-five trigo m. wheat triste sad tristemente sadly tristeza f. sadness, grief tronco m. trunk tu your tú you tumbado lying at ease tunante m. rogue, rascal; médico tunante roguish physician turista m. tourist
U
último last, latest; por último at last, finally un, uno, una a, an, one; la una one o’clock unos some usted, ustedes you usura f. usury utilidad f. utility uvas f. pl. grapes
V
va 3 sing. pres. ind. of ir; cómo le va how are you; bien va first-rate vaca f. cow vadeable fordable vado m. ford vale 3 sing. pres. ind. of valer; más vale it is better, worth more valer to be worth valga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of valer valiente brave valor m. value, bravery valle m. valley vamos 1 pl. pres. ind. or impv. of ir; we go, let us go; excl. come van 3 pl. pres. ind. of ir vano vain variedad f. variety vario various, varied; pl. several vas 2 sing. pres. ind. of ir vaso m. glass vaya 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of ir; excl. I say, I tell you, come
Vd. Vds. (abbreviations of usted, ustedes) you
ve 3 sing. pres. ind. of ver
V. E. (Vuestra Excelencia) your Excellency
vecina f. neighbor
veían 3 pl. imp. ind. of ver
veloz swift
vencer to conquer, overcome
vencido p. p. of vencer
vende impv. sing. venden 3 pl. pres. ind. of vender vender to sell vendimia f. vintage, time for gathering grapes vendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of vender vendrán 3 pl. fut. ind. vendría 1 and 3 sing. cond. venga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. vengo 1 sing. pres. ind. venía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of venir venida f. coming venido p. p. of venir venir to come ventana f. window veo 1 sing. pres. ind. of ver ver to see; al ver on seeing verá 3 sing. fut. ind. of ver verano m. summer veras; de veras really, truly, indeed verás 2 sing. fut. ind. of ver verdad f. truth; es verdad it is true vestido m. dress; pl. clothes vestido p. p. of vestir vez f. time; una vez once; tantas veces so often; en vez de instead of; tal vez perhaps; a veces at times; otra vez again; muchas veces often; dos veces twice vida f. life, living vieja f. old woman viejísimo very old viejo old; m. old man viendo pres. p. of ver viene 3 sing. pres. ind. of venir; el año que viene next year vienen 3 pl. pres. ind. of venir viento m. wind vieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of ver vinagre m. vinegar vino m. wine vino 3 sing. pret. ind. of venir viña f. vineyard vio 3 sing. pret. ind. of ver violencia f. violence visitar to visit visitó 3 sing. pret. ind. of visitar visto p. p. of ver vive 3 sing. pres. ind. vivía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. vivían 3 pl. imp. ind. viviendo pres. p. vivieron 3 pl. pret. ind. vivió 3 sing. pret. ind. of vivir vivir to live; vivir al día to live from hand to mouth vivo live, alive, lively volaba 3 sing. imp. ind. of volar volar to fly volvamos 1 pl. pres. subj. of volver volver to turn, return; volver a again; vuelve a ser he becomes again volverán 3 pl. fut. ind. volveré 1 sing. fut. ind. volvía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. volvieran 3 pl. imp. subj. volvieron 3 pl. pret. ind. volvió 3 sing. pret. ind. of volver voy 1 sing. pres. ind. of ir voz f. voice vuela 3 sing. pres. ind. vuelo 1 sing. pres. ind. of volar vuelta f. turn, return vuelva 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. vuelve 3 sing. pres. ind. of volver vuestro your
Y
y and
ya already, now; ya no, no... ya no longer; ya lo comprendo now I understand, I understand it all very well; ya que now that; ya lo creo well I should think so yendo pres. p. of ir yo I
Z
zagal m. shepherd
zapatería f. shoemaker’s trade or shop
zapatero m. shoemaker
zapato m. shoe
Zaragoza f. Saragossa
zorra f. fox
Note
Notes
1 Besides blank verse and ordinary rhyme, with which we are familiar in English verse, Spanish verse has also a vocalic rhyme called assonance. When the vowels are the same beginning with the last accented syllable, but the consonants different, the rhyme is called assonance, e.g. boca—tropa.
Assonance of the even lines (2, 4, etc.) is the usual rule in Spanish poetry. In a short poem the same assonance is often kept throughout the composition. In El Burro Flautista the assonance is that of the last syllable only, e.g. mal—casualidad. In El Pato y la Serpiente, p. 40, the assonance is a—o, e.g. pato—dado—canso, etc. In Los Dos Conejos, p. 41, the assonance is e—o, e.g. perros—conejo—compañero, etc.