Buddhism, in Its Connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism

List of Illustrations with Descriptions.

PAGE 1. Brass Image of Gautama Buddha obtained by the Author from Ceylon Frontispiece He is seated on the Mućalinda Serpent (see p. 480), in an attitude of profound meditation, with eyes half closed, and five rays of light emerging from the crown of his head. 2. Vignette, representing the Ćakra or ‘Wheel’ Symbol with Tri-ratna symbols in the outer circle and Lotus symbol in the centre (see pp. 521-522) On Title-page Copied from the engraving of a Wheel supported on a column at Amarāvatī (date about 250 A.D.) in Mr. Fergusson’s ‘Tree and Serpent Worship.’ 3. Map illustrative of the Sacred Land of Buddhism To face 21 4. Portrait of Mr. Gaurī-Ṡaṅkar Uday-Ṡaṅkar, C.S.I., now Svāmī Ṡrī Saććidānanda-Sarasvatī To face 74 See the explanation at p. xiii. of the Preface. 5. Magical Dorje or thunderbolt used by Northern Buddhists 323 6. Prayer-bell used in worship 324 7. Magical weapon called Phur-pa, for defence against evil spirits 352 Used by Northern Buddhists. Brought from Dārjīling in 1884. 8. Amulet worn by a Tibetan woman at Dārjīling in 1884 358 Purchased at Dārjīling and given to the Author by Mr. Sarat Chandra Dās. 9. Hand Prayer-wheel brought by the Author from Dārjīling 375 10. ḍamaru, or sacred drum, used by vagabond Buddhist monks 385 11. Ancient Buddhist temple at Buddha-Gayā, as it appeared in 1880 To face 391 Erected about the middle of the 2nd century on the ruins of Aṡoka’s temple, at the spot where Gautama attained Buddhahood. From a photograph by Mr. Beglar enlarged by Mr. G. W. Austen. 12. The same temple at Buddha-Gayā, as restored in 1884 To face 393 From a photograph by Mr. Beglar enlarged by Mr. G. W. Austen. 13. Bronze model dug up at Moulmein, representing triple ladder by which Buddha is supposed to have descended from heaven (from original in South Kensington Museum) 418 14. Remains of a colossal statue of Buddha To face 467 Probably in ‘argumentative’ or ‘teaching’ attitude (see p. 481). It was found by General Sir A. Cunningham close to the south side of the Buddha-Gayā temple. The date (Samvat 64 = A.D. 142) is inscribed on the pedestal. 15. Terra-cotta image of Buddha dug up at Buddha-Gayā 477 Half the size of the original sculpture. Buddha is in the attitude of meditation under the tree, with a halo or aureola round his head. Probable date, not earlier than 9th century. 16. Sculpture found by General Sir A. Cunningham at Sārnāth, near Benares To face 477 Illustrative of the four principal events in Gautama Buddha’s life—namely, his birth, his attainment of Buddhahood under the tree, his teaching at Benares, and his passing away in complete Nirvāṇa (see p. 387). Date about 400 A.D. 17. Sculpture of Buddha in ‘Witness-attitude’ on attaining Buddhahood, under the tree (an umbrella is above) 478 Found at Buddha-Gayā. Date about the 9th century. The original is remarkable for its smiling features and for the circular mark on the forehead. The drawing is from a photograph belonging to Sir A. Cunningham. 18. Sculpture of Buddha in ‘Witness-attitude’ on attaining Buddhahood under the tree 480 From a niche high up on the western side of the Buddha-Gayā temple. It has the ‘Ye dharmā’ formula (p. 104) inscribed on each side. It is half the size of the original sculpture. Probable date about the 11th century. 19. Sculpture found at Buddha-Gayā representing the earliest Triad, viz. Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha 485 The drawing is from a photograph belonging to Sir A. Cunningham, described at p. 484. 20. Votive Stūpa found at Buddha-Gayā To face 505 Probable date about 9th or 10th century of our era. 21. Clay model of a small votive Stūpa 506 Selected from several which the author saw in the act of being made by a monk outside a monastery in British Sikkim in 1884. This model probably contains the ‘Ye dharmā’ or some other formula on a seal inside. The engraving is exactly the size of the original.