Appendix I | A Chronological Table
| Circa | 1892 B. C.—Birth of Ishmael. |
| ” | 1773 ” —Death of Ishmael. |
| ” | 992 ” —Bilkis, queen of Yemen (Sheba) visits Solomon. |
| ” | 700 ” —Amalgamation of Cushite and Sabean clans in Yemen. |
| ” | 754 ” —All Yemen and Oman under rule of Yaarŭb. |
| ” | 588 ” —First Jewish settlements in Arabia. |
| A. D. | 33—Arabians present at Pentecost. |
| ” | 37—The Apostle Paul goes to Arabia. |
| ” | 60—Second Jewish immigration into Arabia. |
| ” | 105—Roman Emperor Trajan under his general Palma subdues Northwestern Arabia. |
| ” | 120—Destruction of great dam at Marib and the beginning of Arab migrations northward. |
| ” | 297—Famine in Western Arabia. Migrations eastward. |
| ” | 326—Nearchus, admiral of Alexander, surveys the Persian Gulf. |
| ” | 325—Nicene Council—Arabians present. |
| ” | 342—Christianity already extending in Northern Arabia. Churches built in Yemen. |
| ” | 372—Mavia, queen of North Arabia, converted to Christianity. |
| ” | 525—Abyssinian invasion of Yemen. |
| ” | 561—Mohammed born at Mecca. |
| ” | 575—Persians under Anosharwan expel the Abyssinians from Yemen. |
| ” | 595—Mohammed marries Khadijah. |
| ” | 595—Yemen passes under Persian Rule. |
| ” | 610—Mohammed begins his prophetic career. |
| ” | 622—(A.H. 1)—Mohammed flees from Mecca to Medina. The era of the Hegira. (See end of Table.) |
| ” | 623—Battle of Bedr. |
| ” | 624—Battle of Ohod. |
| ” | 630—Mecca overcome. Embassy to Oman, etc. |
| ” | 632—Death of Mohammed. Abubekr caliph. All Arabia subjugated by force of arms. |
| ” | 634—Omar caliph. Expulsion of Jews and Christians from Arabia. |
| ” | 638—Kufa and Busrah founded. |
| ” | 644—Othman caliph. |
| ” | 655—Dissensions regarding caliphate. Medina attacked. Ali chosen caliph. |
| ” | 656—Battle of the Camel. Capital transferred to Kufa. |
| ” | 661—Ali assassinated. Hassan becomes caliph. |
| ” | 750—Beginning of Abbaside Caliphate (Bagdad). |
| ” | 754—Mansur. |
| ” | 786—Haroun el Rashid. |
| ” | 809—Amin. |
| ” | 813—Mamun. |
| ” | 833—Motasim. |
| ” | 847—Motawakkel. |
| ” | 889—Arise of Carmathian sect. |
| ” | 905—Yemen comes under Karamite caliphs. |
| ” | 932—Rebellion in Yemen. It becomes independent under Imams of Sana as rulers. |
| ” | 930—Carmathians take Mecca and carry away the black-stone to Katif. |
| ” | 1055—Togrul Beg at Bagdad. |
| ” | 1096-1272—The Crusades. Arabia in touch with European civilization through its bands of warriors. |
| ” | 1173—Yemen subdued by sultans of Egypt. |
| ” | 1240—Rise of Ottoman Turks. |
| ” | 1258—Fall of Bagdad. |
| ” | 1325—Yemen again independent. |
| ” | 1454—Imams of Yemen take Aden and fortify it. |
| ” | 1503—Portuguese under Ludovico Barthema, make voyages on Arabian coast and visit Aden and Muscat. |
| ” | 1507—Portuguese take Muscat. |
| ” | 1513—Portuguese under Abulquerque are repulsed at Aden. Visit Mokha and the Persian Gulf. |
| ” | 1516—Suleiman by order of Mameluke Sultan attacks Aden and is repulsed. |
| ” | 1538—Suleiman the Magnificent sends a fleet and takes Aden by treachery. Arab garrison butchered. |
| ” | 1540—Beginning of Turkish rule in Yemen. |
| ” | 1550—Arabs hand over Aden to the Portuguese. |
| ” | 1551—Aden recaptured by Peri Pasha. |
| ” | 1624-1741—Imams established rule over all Oman with capital at Rastak; then at Muscat. |
| ” | 1609—First visit to Aden by English captains. |
| ” | 1618—English establish factories at Mokha. |
| ” | 1622—Portuguese expelled from Bahrein and Arab coast by the Persians. |
| ” | 1630—Arabs drive out Turks from Yemen and Imams take the throne at Sana. |
| ” | 1740-65—Dutch East India Company in Persian Gulf and Red Sea ports. |
| ” | 1765—English East India Company in Persian Gulf and Red Sea ports. |
| ” | 1735—Abdali Sultan of Lahaj takes Aden. |
| ” | 1741—Ahmed bin Said drives out Portuguese from Muscat and founds Dynasty of Imams, anew. |
| ” | 1765—Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab dies and his political associate Mohammed bin Saud propagates Wahabiism in Arabia. |
| ” | 1780—Spread of Wahabi doctrine over all of Central Arabia. |
| ” | 1801—Wahabis conquer Bahrein and hold it for nine years. |
| ” | 1803—Abd-ul-Aziz the Wahabi chief assassinated by a Persian fanatic. |
| ” | 1803—Wahabis take Mecca and lay seige to Jiddah. |
| ” | 1804—Wahabis take Medina. |
| ” | 1804—Said bin Sultan ruler of Oman and Zanzibar. |
| ” | 1809—Aden visited by Captain Haines of British Navy. |
| ” | 1818—Ibrahim Pasha captures Wahabi capital and sends Amir in chains to Constantinople where he is beheaded. |
| ” | 1805-1820—British suppress piracy in Persian Gulf. |
| ” | 1820—Son of Amir, Turki, proclaimed Sultan of Nejd and Oman coast. |
| ” | 1821—British make treaty with tribes on Oman coast called the “Trucial League.” |
| ” | 1820-1847—British treaties with Bahrein chiefs to suppress slave-trade and piracy. |
| ” | 1831—Turki, ruler of Nejd, murdered. |
| ” | 1832—Feysul bin Turki, succeeds him. |
| ” | l835—Abdullah bin Rashid becomes a powerful chief in Jebel Shammar. |
| ” | 1835—Aden again visited by British to avenge cruelty to sailors shipwrecked off its coast. |
| ” | 1839—Aden bombarded by British fleet and taken. Treaties made with surrounding tribes. |
| ” | 1840-1847—Aden attacked by Arabs. |
| ” | 1846—Tilal bin Abdullah bin Rashid succeeds to rulership of Jebel Shammar and becomes independent of Wahabi power. |
| ” | 1851-1856—Abdullah bin Mutalib Sherif of Mecca. |
| ” | 1854—Sultan of Oman makes treaty with England and cedes Kuria Muria Islands. |
| ” | 1856—Thuwani bin Said ruler of Oman. |
| ” | 1857—Perim occupied by British. |
| ” | 1858-1877—Abdullah bin Mohammed Sherif of Mecca. |
| ” | 1858—Cable laid in Red Sea from Suez to Aden, but proved defective (cost £800,000). |
| ” | 1858—Bombardment of Jiddah by British. |
| ” | 1865-1886—Abdullah bin Feysul ruler of Nejd with capital at Riad. |
| ” | 1867—Mitaab bin Abdullah succeeds Tilal. |
| ” | 1867—Menamah (Bahrein) bombarded by British because of broken treaty. Isa bin Ali made ruler. |
| ” | 1866—Sultan bin Thuwani ruler of Oman. |
| ” | 1868—Mohammed bin Rashid assumes power and rule at Hail as Amir of Nejd. |
| ” | 1869—Cable laid from Bombay to Aden and Suez. |
| ” | 1870—Turkish invasion of Yemen. |
| ” | 1871—Turkish invasion of Hassa and occupation of Katif. |
| ” | 1871—Seyyid Turki ruler of Oman (Muscat). |
| ” | 1875—Busrah made a separate vilayet. |
| ” | 1877—Beginning of Turkish bureaucracy at Mecca. |
| ” | 1878—Treaty of Berlin. Reforms promised in Turkish Provinces. |
| ” | 1880—Hasein, Sherif of Mecca, is murdered. |
| ” | 1881-82—Abd el Mutalib again Sherif of Mecca. |
| ” | 1882—Aun er Rafik made Sherif of Mecca. |
| ” | 1886—Mohammed Ibn Rashid takes Riad overturning Saud government and becomes ruler of all Central Arabia. |
[Note.—To find the equivalent date A. H. of any year A. D.:—From the year A. D. deduct 621.54 and to the remainder add 3 per cent. A. H. 1 = July 16th, 622 A. D., and the Moslem year consists of 12 lunar months. To find the equivalent date A. D. of a year A. H. multiply it by.970225 and to the remainder add 621.54. The sum gives the date A. D. of the end of the year A. H.]