Appendices
I — The Provinces of France
Up to 1789, there were thirty-three great governments making up modern France, the twelve governments created by Francis I. being the chief, and seven petits gouvernements as well.
In the following table the grands gouvernements of the first foundation are indicated in heavy-faced type, those which were taken from the first in italics, and those which were acquired by conquest in ordinary characters.
| NAMES OF GOVERNMENTS | CAPITALS | |
| 1. | Ile-de-France | Paris. |
| 2. | Picardie | Amiens. |
| 3. | Normandie | Rouen. |
| 4. | Bretagne | Rennes. |
| 5. | Champagne et Brie | Troyes. |
| 6. | Orléanais | Orléans. |
| 7. | Maine et Perche | Le Mans. |
| 8. | Anjou | Angers. |
| 9. | Touraine | Tours. |
| 10. | Nivernais | Nevers. |
| 11. | Berri | Bourges. |
| 12. | Poitou | Poitiers. |
| 13. | Aunis | La Rochelle. |
| 14. | Bourgogne (duché de) | Dijon. |
| 15. | Lyonnais, Forez et Beaujolais | Lyon. |
| 16. | Auvergne | Clermont. |
| 17. | Bourbonnais | Moulins. |
| 18. | Marche | Guéret. |
| 19. | Guyenne et Gascogne | Bordeaux. |
| 20. | Saintonge et Angoumois1 | Saintes. |
| 21. | Limousin | Limoges. |
| 22. | Béarn et Basse Navarre | Pau. |
| 23. | Languedoc | Toulouse. |
| 24. | Comté de Foix | Foix. |
| 25. | Provence | Aix. |
| 26. | Dauphiné | Grenoble. |
| 27. | Flandre et Hainaut | Lille. |
| 28. | Artois | Arras. |
| 29. | Lorraine et Barrois | Nancy. |
| 30. | Alsace | Strasbourg. |
| 31. | Franche-Comté ou Comté de Bourgogne | Besançon. |
| 32. | Roussilon | Perpignan. |
| 33. | Corse | Bastia. |
1 Under Francis I. the Angoumois was comprised in the Orléanais.
The seven petits gouvernements were:
1. The ville, prévôté and vicomté of Paris.
2. Havre de Grâce.
3. Boulonnais.
4. Principality of Sedan.
5. Metz and Verdun, the pays Messin and Verdunois.
6. Toul and Toulois.
7. Saumur and Saumurois.
II
The following are the names of the principal pays and pagi of ancient Normandy:
| PAYS | DÉPARTEMENT |
| Campagne de St. André | Eure |
| Pays d’Auge, the Pagus Algiensis | Calvados |
| Avranchin | La Manche |
| Bessin, the Pagus Bogasinius | Calvados |
| Bocage (Le) or Pays de Vire | Calvados |
| Bray (Le), near Elbeuf | Seine Inf. |
| Caux, Pagus Caletensis | Seine Inf. |
| Cotentin | La Manche |
| Pays d’Eu | Seine Inf. |
| Pays d’Evreux | Eure |
| Pays de Plains (Caux) | Seine Inf. |
| Rouennais | Seine Inf. |
| Roumois | Seine Inf. |
| Pays du Val | Seine Inf. |
| Vexin Normand | Eure |
III — Dukes of Normandy
| Rollon | 912-927 |
| Guillaume (Longsword) | 927-945 |
| Richard I. (Sans Peur) | 945-996 |
| Richard I. (le Bon) | 996-1026 |
| Richard III. | 1026-1028 |
| Robert (le Magnifique or le Diable) | 1028-1035 |
| Guillaume (le Conquérant) | 1035-1087 |
| Robert (Courte-heuse) | 1087-1106 |
| Henri I. | 1106-1135 |
| Mathilde | 1135-1150 |
| Henri II. (Plantagenet) | 1150-1189 |
| Richard (Cœur de Lion) | 1189-1199 |
| Jean-Sans-Terre | 1199-1204 |
IV — The Metric System
METRICAL AND ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Mètre = 39.3708 in. = 3.231. 3 ft. 3½ in. = 1.0936 yard.
Square Mètre (mètre carré) = 1⅕th square yards (1.196).
Are (or 100 sq. mètres) = 119.6 square yards.
Cubic Mètre (or Stere) = 35½ cubic feet.
Centimètre = ⅖ths inch.
Kilomètre = 1,093 yards = 5/8 mile.
10 Kilomètres = 6¼ miles.
100 Kilomètres = 62⅒th miles.
Square Kilomètre = ⅖ths square mile.
Hectare = 2½ acres (2.471).
100 Hectares = 247.1 acres.
Gramme = 15½ grains (15.432).
10 Grammes = 1/3d oz. Avoirdupois.
15 Grammes = ½ oz. Avoirdupois.
Kilogramme = 2⅕th lbs. (2.204) Avoirdupois.
10 Kilogrammes = 22 lbs. Avoirdupois.
Metrical Quintal = 220½ lbs. Avoirdupois.
Tonneau = 2,200 lbs. Avoirdupois.
Litre = 0.22 gal. = 1¾ pint.
Hectolitre = 22 gallons.
ENGLISH AND METRICAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Inch = 2.539 centimètres = 25.39 millimètres.
2 inches = 5 centimètres nearly.
Foot = 30.47 centimètres.
Yard = 0.9141 mètre.
12 yards = 11 mètres nearly.
Mile = 1.609 kilomètre.
Square foot = 0.093 mètre carré.
Square yard = 0.836 mètre carré.
Acre = 0.4046 hectare = 4,003 sq. mètres nearly.
2½ acres = 1 hectare nearly.
Pint = 0.5679 litre.
1¾ pint = 1 litre nearly.
Gallon = 4.5434 litres = 4 nearly.
Bushel = 36.347 litres.
Oz. Troy = 31.103 grammes.
Pound Troy (5,760 grains) = 373.121 grammes.
Oz. Avoirdupois = 8.349 grammes.
Pound Avoirdupois (7,000 grains) = 453.592 grammes.
2 lbs. 3 oz. = kilogramme nearly.
100 lbs. = 45.359 kilogrammes.
Cwt. = 50.802 kilogrammes.
Ton = 1,018.048 kilogrammes.
V
1. Itinerary of Normandy by Chemin de Fer de l’Ouest, from Paris, Gare St. Lazare.
Paris (St. Lazare), Louviers, Rouen, Dieppe, Rouen, Cany, St.-Valery-en-Caux, Fécamp, Le Havre, par chemin de fer ou Rouen, Le Havre, par bateau(1). Honfleur(1) ou Trouville-Deauville(1), Villers-sur-Mer, Beuzeval (Houlgate), Dives-Cabourg, Caen, Isigny-sur-Mer, Cherbourg,
St-Lo
Port-Bail, Carteret(1), Coutances, Granville(1), Bagnoles-de-l’Orne(1), Briouze, Dreux, Paris (Montparnasse).
2. Itinerary of Normandy by Chemin de Fer de l’Ouest, from Paris, Gare St. Lazare.
Paris, Les Andelys, Louviers, Rouen, Dieppe, Rouen, Barentin (Caudebec-en-Caux moyennant supplément), Le Havre, Honfleur ou Trouville-Deauville, Villers-sur-Mer, Beuzeval-Houlgate, Dives-Cabourg, Caen, Évreux, Paris.