Chapter LIX The Colouring Matters of Sandalwood and Other Dye-Woods
In addition to the dye-woods in more common use, the tropics furnish a number of woods which contain fine colouring matters, but which are only in restricted use, either on account of their cost or because they are not always to be bought. To these belong the camwood or barwood of Madagascar, the East Indian sandalwood, and other woods which have not yet been used for colouring purposes even in the tropics.
The most commonly used of the rarer dye-woods is sandalwood, obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus. It is garnet red in colour, sinks in water, and produces a fine red meal, which rapidly becomes brown in air owing to oxidation of the colouring matter. According to recent researches, sandalwood contains two colouring matters, one obtained from the other by oxidation. Only one of these, santalin, is known with certainty. Sandalwood contains about 16 per cent. of santalin, which when pure forms a crystalline powder, differing from other wood colouring matters in being almost insoluble in water. Up to the present it has only been used in dyeing to obtain handsome and fast red colours. From it very bright lakes may be obtained, which may be used equally as well as the red wood lakes. The aluminium and tin lakes are especially fine. The extract of sandalwood is obtained by boiling very fine chips with water, then adding alcohol and leaving the mixture. When stannic chloride or alum, or a mixture of the two, is added to the solution of the colouring matter a red precipitate is produced which, after washing and drying, furnishes a bright red lake.