Chapters Xxxv-Xl
The Conclusion
The remainder of the narrative sets forth in terms almost identical with the directions already given, the manner in which the Divine injunctions were obeyed. The people, purified in heart by danger, chastisement and shame, brought much more than was required. A quarter of a million would poorly represent the value of the shrine in which, at the last, Moses and Aaron approached their God, while the cloud covered the tent and the glory filled the tabernacle, and Moses failed to overcome his awe and enter.
Thenceforth the cloud was the guide of their halting and their march. Many a time they grieved their God in the wilderness, yet the cloud was on the tabernacle by day, and there was fire therein by night, throughout all their journeyings.
That cloud is seen no longer; but One has said, “Lo, I am with you all the days.” If the presence is less material, it is because we ought to be more spiritual.
Looking back upon the story, we can discern more clearly what was asserted when we began—the forming and training of a nation.
They are called from shameful servitude by the devotion of a patriot and a hero, who has learned in failure and exile the difference between self-confidence and faith. The new name of God, and His remembrance of their fathers, inspire them at the same time with awe and hope and nationality. They see the hollowness of earthly force, and of superstitious worships, in the abasement and ruin of Egypt. They are taught by the Paschal sacrifice to confess that the Divine favour is a gift and not a right, that their lives also are justly forfeited. The overthrow of Pharaoh’s army and the passage of the Sea brings them into a new and utterly strange life, in an atmosphere and amid scenes well calculated to expand and deepen their emotions, to develop their sense of freedom and self-respect, and yet to oblige them to depend wholly on their God. Privation at Marah chastens them. The attack of Amalek introduces them to war, and forbids their dependence to sink into abject softness. The awful scene of Horeb burns and brands his littleness into man. The covenant shows them that, however little in themselves, they may enter into communion with the Eternal. It also crushes out what is selfish and individualising, by making them feel the superiority of what they all share over anything that is peculiar to one of them. The Decalogue reveals a holiness at once simple and profound, and forms a type of character such as will make any nation great. The sacrificial system tells them at once of the pardon and the heinousness of sin. Religion is both exalted above the world and infused into it, so that all is consecrated. The priesthood and the shrine tell them of sin and pardon, exclusion and hope; but that hope is a common heritage, which none may appropriate without his brother.
The especial sanctity of a sacred calling is balanced by an immediate assertion of the sacredness of toil, and the Divine Spirit is recognised even in the gift of handicraft.
A tragic and shameful failure teaches them, more painfully than any symbolic system of curtains and secret chambers, how little fitted they are for the immediate intercourse of heaven. And yet the ever-present cloud, and the shrine in the heart of their encampment, assure them that God is with them of a truth.
Could any better system be imagined by which to convert a slavish and superstitious multitude into a nation at once humble and pure and gallant—a nation of brothers and of worshippers, chastened by a genuine sense of ill desert and of responsibility, and yet braced and fired by the conviction of an exalted destiny?
To do this, and also to lead mankind to liberty, to rescue them from sensuous worship, and prepare them for a system yet more spiritual, to teach the human race that life is not repose but warfare, pilgrimage and aspiration, and to sow the seeds of beliefs and expectations which only an atoning Mediator and an Incarnate God could satisfy, this was the meaning of the Exodus.
The Expositor’s Bible
1889–90
JUDGES AND RUTH. By the Rev. R. A. Watson, M.A.
THE PROPHECIES OF JEREMIAH. By the Rev. C. J. Ball, M.A., Chaplain of Lincoln’s Inn.
THE PROPHECIES OF ISAIAH. Vol. II. Completing the Work. By the Rev. George Adam Smith, M.A.
THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW. By the Rev. J. Monro Gibson, D.D., London, Author of “The Mosaic Era,” etc.
THE BOOK OF EXODUS. By the Very Rev. G. A. Chadwick, D.D., Dean of Armagh.
THE BOOK OF THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. By the Rev. G. T. Stokes, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Dublin.
1888–89
THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. By the Rev. Professor G. G. Findlay, B.A., Headingley College, Leeds.
THE BOOK OF ISAIAH. Chap. I. to XXXIX. By the Rev. George Adam Smith, M.A., Aberdeen.
THE PASTORAL EPISTLES. By the Rev. Alfred Plummer, D.D., Master of University College, Durham.
THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. By the Rev. Professor Marcus Dods, D.D. Second Edition.
THE REVELATION OF ST. JOHN. By the Rev. Professor W. Milligan, D.D., of the University of Aberdeen.
THE EPISTLES OF ST. JOHN. By the Right Rev. W. Alexander, D.D., D.C.L., Lord Bishop of Derry and Raphoe.
1887–88
THE EPISTLE TO THE COLOSSIANS. By Alexander Maclaren, D.D., of Manchester. Fourth Edition.
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. MARK. By the Rev. Prebendary G. A. Chadwick, D.D., Dean of Armagh.
THE BOOK OF GENESIS. By the Rev. Professor Marcus Dods, D.D. Fourth Edition.
THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL. By the Rev. Professor W. G. Blaikie, D.D., LL.D.
THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL. By the same Author.
THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. By the Rev. Principal T. C. Edwards, M.A.
The Gospel According to St. Mark
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