Appendix
The, following arrangement is from Professor Lumby’s History of the Creeds. It shows that the portions of the Apostolic Creed which do not appear in the earlier forms are very few. Irenaeus omits the conception by the Holy Ghost, while Tertullian inserts it. Neither Creed contains the first part of the fifth article, and in both the ninth and tenth are wanting. With these exceptions the substance of the Apostles’ Creed was in circulation as early as A.D. 180.
| THE APOSTLES’ CREED. | CREEDS OF ST. IRENAEUS (A.D. 180). | CREEDS OF TERTULLIAN (A.D. 200). | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth: | I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, who made heaven and earth; | I believe in one God, the Creator of the world, who produced all out of nothing... | ||
| 2. And in Jesus Christ His only Son our Lord, | And in one Christ Jesus, the Son of God [our Lord], | And in the Word His Son [Jesus Christ], | ||
| 3. Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, | Who was made flesh [of the Virgin]; | Who through the Spirit and Power of God the Father descended into the Virgin Mary, was made flesh in her womb, and born of her; | ||
| 4. Suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried, | And in His suffering [under Pontius Pilate]; | Was fixed on the cross [under Pontius Pilate]; was dead and buried; | ||
| 5. He descended into hell; the third day He rose again from the dead, | And in His rising from the dead; | Rose again the third day; | ||
| 6. He ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; | And in His ascension in the flesh; | Was taken into heaven, and sat down at the right hand of God; | ||
| 7. From thence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead. | And in His coming from heaven... that He may execute just judgment on all. | He will come to judge the wicked to eternal fire. | ||
| 8. I believe in the Holy Ghost; | And in the Holy Ghost. | And in the Holy Spirit sent by Christ. | ||
| 9. The Holy Catholic Church; the Communion of saints; | ||||
| 10. The Forgiveness of sins; | ||||
| 11. The Resurrection of the body; 12. And the Life Everlasting. | And that Christ shall come from heaven to raise up all flesh... and to adjudge the impious and unjust... to eternal fire, and to give to the just and holy immortality and eternal glory. | And that Christ will, after the revival of both body and soul with the restoration of the flesh, receive His holy ones into the enjoyment of life eternal and the promises of heaven. |
Footnote 016 amended from “1 Peter iii. 1.” to “1 Peter iii. 15.”
Footnote 198 amended from “1 Rom v. 19” to “Rom v. 19”
Footnote 243 amended from “2 John iii. 2” to “1 John iii.2.”
Footnotes
001 John xi. 25, 26.
002 Matt, xxviii. 20.
003 1 Cor. xv. 1-4.
004 Rom. vi. 17.
005 Gal. vi. 16.
006 1 Tim. vi. 20.
007 2 Tim. i. 13, 14.
008 See Appendix
009 Rom. x. 10.
010 Rom. x. 17.
011 Heb. xi. 3.
012 Table-Talk, 1852, p. 144.
013 1 John v. 9.
014 Heb. xi. 6.
015 Heb. xi. 6.
016 1 Peter iii. 15.
017 See Handbook of Christian Evidences, Principal Stewart, chap. i.
018 Deut. vi. 4.
019 Gen. i. 26; iii. 22; xi. 7. Different views have been taken of these passages. Some commentators think the plural forms represent the plural of majesty. There is, however, no indication in the Old Testament or in ancient monumental inscriptions that sovereigns had adopted this style of speech. Nebuchadnezzar and Darius begin their proclamations with the singular first personal pronoun “I”; not with the plural “We” which modern kings assume. On the Moabite stone Mesha uses “I,” not “We,” throughout the inscription in which he records his achievements. Another view is that Moses, accustomed to hear of the numerous gods of Egypt, used the plural inadvertently. This supposition does not accord with any view of inspiration held by evangelical churches. The interpretation which regards the passages as early indications of the doctrine of the Trinity is simple and natural, and accords with the principle of gradual revelation which is apparent in Scripture.
020 Job xi. 7.
021 Deut. xxix. 29.
022 John x. 30.
023 John xvii. 5.
024 See Hodge’s Systematic Theology, vol. i. p. 444.
025 Psalm lxxvi. 10.
026 Rom. viii. 28.
027 Rom. i. 20.
028 Confessions, Bk. x. chap. vi.
029 Luke ii. 34.
030 Acts viii.
031 2 Tim. ii. 17.
032 2 Tim. i. 15.
033 See Landmarks of Church History, by Professor Cowan, D.D., p. 16.
034 Isaiah ix. 6.
035 Matt. i. 21.
036 Col. iv. 11.
037 Matt. xxi. 11.
038 Matt. i. 23.
039 Acts iv. 12.
040 Phil. ii. 9-11.
041 John i. 41.
042 John iv. 29.
043 Matt. xvi. 16, 17.
044 Acts xviii. 28.
045 John ix. 22.
046 Psalm xlv. 7; Heb. i. 9.
047 John xx. 31.
048 Psalm ii. 7.
049 Isaiah ix. 6.
050 John i. 1, 14 (R.V.).
051 Heb. i. 1-3.
052 John i. 49.
053 John xi. 27.
054 John viii. 58.
055 Prov. viii. 22, 30.
056 Matt. xxvi. 63; Mark xiv. 61.
057 Matt. xxvi. 65, 66.
058 Matt. xxviii. 6.
059 John xx. 2.
060 1 Cor. xi. 23.
061 1 Cor. viii. 6.
062 Matt. xxviii. 18.
063 Matt. xi. 27.
064 John iii. 35.
065 Phil. ii. 9-11.
066 Acts x. 36.
067 Rev. xvii. 14.
068 Isaiah xxvi. 13.
069 Ques. 22.
070 Mark i. 1.
071 Mark i. 11.
072 John i. 1-3.
073 Isaiah vii. 14.
074 See The Origin and Connection of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, and The Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul, by Mr. Smith of Jordanhill.
075 Luke i. 29, ii. 19, 51.
076 Vol. i. p. 376.
077 John xix. 26, 27
078 John v. 31
079 Col. iii. 11.
080 Acts x. 35.
081 1 Cor. i. 23.
082 Pearson On the Creed, vol. i. p. 337.
083 1 Peter iii. 18.
084 Isaiah liii. 5. In this chapter, which all the earlier Jewish authorities understood to refer to Messiah, there are no fewer than eleven expressions which clearly describe the vicarious character of these sufferings. See Speaker’s Commentary, in loco.
085 Luke xii. 50.
086 John xii. 33.
087 Matt. xx. 28; xvii. 22; xxvi. 2; John x. 11.
088 John x. 17.
089 Isaiah liii. 7.
090 Matt. xxii. 29.
091 Luke xxiv. 25, 26.
092 Matt. ii. 13-15.
093 John i. 11; John vii. 5; Heb. xii. 3.
094 Matt. xxvi. 39.
095 Heb. ii. 10.
096 Heb. iv. 15.
097 Gal. iii. 13.
098 Heb. ix. 22.
099 1 Cor. xv. 3.
100 Rev. v. 6.
101 Matt. xxvi. 26, 28.
102 Rom. v. 10.
103 Col. i. 14.
104 John x. 17, 18.
105 1 Peter ii. 24.
106 Rom. v. 9.
107 Rom. iii. 25, 26.
108 Rom. v. 18, 19.
109 Rev. i. 18.
110 Isaiah liii. 8, 9.
111 Deut. xxi. 22, 23.
112 John xix. 31.
113 Mark xv. 46.
114 Luke xxiii. 53 (R.V.).
115 Matt. xxvii. 63, 64.
116 Matt. xxvii. 65, 66.
117 Luke xvi. 19-26.
118 Mark xv. 37.
119 Luke xxiii. 46.
120 Ques. 50.
121 Heb ii. 17.
122 John iii. 13.
123 Heb. ix. 27.
124 S.C. Ques. 37.
125 1 Peter ii. 24.
126 Heb. x. 14, 26, 27.
127 John i.; 1 Tim. iii.
128 See Principal Stewart’s Handbook of Christian Evidences, chap. vi.
129 Jesus appears to have shown Himself during the forty days after His Resurrection at least ten times, viz.—
1. To Mary Magdalene, Mark xvi. 9; John xx. 11-18.
2. To two disciples, Mark xvi. 12; Luke xxiv. 13-32.
3. To Peter on same day, Luke xxiv. 34; Cor. xv. 5.
4. To ten Apostles, Thomas only being absent, John xx. 19-25.
5. To all the Apostles, Mark xvi.14; John xx. 26-29; 1 Cor. xv. 7.
6. To the women at the sepulchre, Matt, xxviii. 9, 10.
7. To the Apostles, and at this time probably to five hundred others, on a mountain in Galilee, Matt, xxviii. 16-20; 1 Cor. xv. 6.
8. To seven disciples at Tiberias, John xxi. 1-24.
9. To James, 1 Cor. xv. 7.
10. To the Apostles at His Ascension, Mark xvi. 15-18: Luke xxiv. 44-50; Acts i. 4-8; 1 Cor. xv. 7.
These seem to be all the appearances recorded, but there were probably many others, Acts i. 3.
After His Ascension He appeared to Saul of Tarsus, Acts ix. 3-18; 1 Cor. xv. 8.
He was seen by Stephen also, Acts vii. 55, 56.
130 Acts ii. 25-32.
131 John ii. 19.
132 John xvi. 16.
133 For proof of this, see Mark xvi. 1; Luke xxiii. 56 and xxiv. 1; Luke xxiv. 11; John xx. 9; John xx. 11-18; Luke xxiv. 13-32; Mark xvi. 13; Luke xxiv. 37, 41; John xx. 25; Mark xvi. 14; Matt. xxviii. 17.
134 1 Cor. xv. 14.
135 1 Peter i. 3.
136 Rom. i. 4.
137 Acts i. 22.
138 Rom. x. 9.
139 Acts x. 40, 41.
140 Acts i. 8.
141 Matt, xxviii. 20.
142 Luke xxiv. 50, 51.
143 Heb. viii. 4.
144 Heb. ix. 24.
145 Acts i. 9.
146 1 Kings ii. 19; Psalm xvi. 11; Heb. ix. 24.
147 Ephes. iv. 11, 12.
148 2 Cor. v. 20.
149 Matt. iii. 15; Acts x. 38.
150 Ephes. i. 22.
151 Heb. i. 13.
152 Acts i. 11.
153 John xiv. 2, 3.
154 Matt. xvi. 27.
155 Rev. i. 7.
156 Matt. xxiv. 36.
157 Titus ii. 13.
158 1 Thess. iv. 16, 17.
159 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52.
160 Acts x. 42.
161 2 Tim. iv. 1.
162 John v. 22.
163 Matt. xii. 35
164 Matt. x. 26.
165 Acts xix. 2.
166 John vii. 39.
167 Acts xiii. 2.
168 Acts v. 4.
169 Rom viii. 11.
170 1 Cor. ii. 10.
171 Ps. cxxxix. 7.
172 2 Peter 1, 21.
173 2 Tim iii. 16.
174 Luke i. 35.
175 John xvi. 15.
176 John xiv. 17.
177 1 Cor. vi. 19.
178 John xiv. 23.
179 Ephes. ii. 22.
180 Rom. viii. 9.
181 John xxi. 7.
182 Ephes. i. 14.
183 Acts v. 29.
184 2 Cor. vi. 16; John xvi. 13.
185 See The New Testament and its Writers, by Dr. M’Clymont (Guild Library), p 123, note 1.
186 Eccles. vii. 20.
187 Ephes. v. 25-27.
188 Acts x. 34, 35 (R.V.).
189 Ephes. ii. 20.
190 Ephes. iv. 4-6.
191 1. Cor. i. 2 (R.V.).
192 Epistle to Smyrna, c. 8.
193 Acts ix. 32.
194 2 Cor. i. 1.
195 Heb. xii. 23.
196 Heb. xi. 4.
197 Rev. vi. 10.
198 Rom. v. 19
199 1 John i. 8.
200 Ques. 14.
201 Chap. ix.
202 Luke xxiv. 47.
203 Matt. iv. 17.
204 Acts ii. 38.
205 Acts v. 31.
206 2 Cor. vii. 10.
207 1 John i. 8.
208 Heb. xi. 6.
209 Rom. v. 1.
210 James i. 6, 7 (R.V.).
211 Psalm li. 10.
212 Titus ii. 12.
213 Job xix. 25.
214 Isaiah xxvi. 19.
215 Dan. xii. 2.
216 2 Maccabees, chap. vii.
217 John xi. 24.
218 John v. 28, 29.
219 Matt. xxii. 29.
220 Rev. xx. 12, 13.
221 1 Thess. iv. 15, 17 (R.V.).
222 2 Cor. v. 10.
223 1 Cor. vi. 14.
224 John v. 21.
225 Rom. viii. 11.
226 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22.
227 Rom. vi. 5.
228 Ephes. v. 23.
229 Phil. iii. 20 21 (R.V.).
230 1 Thess. v. 23.
231 Rev. xxii. 11.
232 Gal. vi. 7.
233 Rom. vi. 23.
234 Wisdom, chap. iii. 1-9 (R.V.).
235 Chap. v. 15, 16 (R.V.).
236 Col. iii. 4.
237 John xvii. 3.
238 2 Cor. v. 1.
239 2 Thess. i. 9.
240 John v. 24.
241 Mark x. 30.
242 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
243 1 John iii. 2.
244 Rev. vii. 16.
245 Rev. xxii. 5.
246 Psalm xvii. 15.
247 Dan. xii. 3.
248 Matt. xxii. 30.
SOME BOOKS ON THE APOSTLES’ CREED OR BEARING UPON ARTICLES THEREOF
1. The History of the Apostles’ Creed. Anon. 1719.
2. An Exposition of the Creed. By John Pearson, D.D., Bishop of Chester. 1820.
3. An Exposition of the Creed. By Robert Leighton, Archbishop of Glasgow. 1825.
4. The Creeds of the Church in their Relation to the Word of God. Hulsean Lecture, 1857. By Charles Anthony Swainson.
5. Lectures in Divinity. By George Hill, D.D. Edinburgh, 1837. 4th edition.
6. The Fatherhood of God. By Thomas J. Crawford, D.D., Professor of Divinity in the University of Edinburgh. 1867.
7. Theism, being the Baird Lecture for 1876. By Robert Flint, D.D., Professor of Divinity in the University of Edinburgh. 1877.
8. Anti-Theistic Theories, being the Baird Lecture for 1877. By Robert Flint, D.D. 1879.
9. The Historic Faith. By B.F. Westcott, D.D., D.C.L., Bishop of Durham. 1883.
10. The Creeds of Christendom. By Philip Schaff, D.D., 1877.
11. The History of the Creeds. By J. Rawson Lumby, D.D. 1887.
12. An Exposition of the Apostles’ Creed. By J.E. Yonge, M.A. 1888.
13. The Foundations of the Creed. By Harvey Goodwin, D.D., D.C.L., Bishop of Carlisle. 1889.
14. Outlines of Christian Doctrine. By the Rev. H.C.G. Moule, M.A. 1889.
15. The Faith of the Gospel. By Arthur James Mason, B.D. 1889.
16. Rudiments of Theology. By John Pilkington Norris, D.D.
17. The Creed in Scotland. By James Rankin, D.D. 1890.
18. The Apostles’ Creed. Sermons by Robert Eyton. 1890.
19. Christian Theism. By C.A. Row, M.A. 1890.
20. Christianity in Relation to Science and Morals. By Malcolm MacColl, M.A. 1891.
21. Primary Convictions. By William Alexander, D.C.L., Bishop of Derry. 1893.
22. The Apostles’ Creed, its Relation to Primitive Christianity. By H.B. Swete, D.D. 1894.
23. The Nicene Creed. By H.M. Thomson, M.A. 1894.
24. Dissertations on Subjects connected with the Incarnation. By Charles Gore, M.A. 1895.
25. Defence of the Christian Faith. By Professor F. Godet. 1895.
The End