Table of the Chief Sounds Represented in the Government System of Transliteration
| a | = | short u, as in “bun.” |
| á | = | broad a, as in “mast.” |
| i | = | short i, as in “bin.” |
| í | = | ee, as in “oblique.” |
| e | = | a, as in “male.” |
| o | = | long o, as in “note.” |
| u | = | short oo, as in “foot.” |
| ú | = | long oo, as in “boot.” |
| q | = | guttural k. |
| kh | = | ch, as in “loch.” |
| gh | = | guttural r, not used in English. |
| ’ | = | the Arabic letter ’ain, a guttural not used in English. |
Pronunciation of the Principal Oriental Words Used in This Book
Afghán
Afghánistán
Afrídi
Alláhu Akbar
Amír
Badakshán
Baltistán
Bengáli
Bezwáda
Bhágalpur
Bukhára
Chenáb
Chilás
Chinárak
Chitrál
Deraját
Dharmsála
Ghulám
Hákim (ruler)
Hakím (doctor)
Hardwár
Hazára
Islám
Jahán
Jamála
Jelálábad
Kabír
Kábul
Káfir
Kálabágh
Kalám
Karáchi
Karím
Khalífa
Khorasán
Kohát
Laghmáni
Loháni
Majíd
Málik
Mirzáda
Mughál
Multán
Nának
Nárowál
Nezabázi
Nizám
Panjáb
Panjábi
Pathán
Patwár
Pesháwur
Qurán
Rám
Ramazán
Risáldár
Ríshíkes
Sádhu
Sanyási
Saragári
Sardár
Sarkár
Subadár
Sulíman
Tálib
Tamána
Tiráh
Waziristán