Appendix
A. Bibliography
Abu Nasir Abd ul Wahab Taqi id Din as Subqi.—Tabaqat-ash-Shafaʾiya al Kubra. Vol. IV, pp. 101-102.
Barbier de Meynard, M. C.—Traduction nouvelle du traite de Ghazzali intitule le Préservatif de l’erreur et notices sur les extases (des Soufis). (Journal Asiatique, Paris, 1877.)
Brockelmann, Carl—Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur, Weimar, 1898, 2 vols.
Chenery, Thomas—The Assemblies of Al-Hariri, London, 1878, Trans.
Clark, Edson L.—The Arabs and the Turks, Boston, 1875.
DeBoer, T. J.—The History of Philosophy in Islam, London, 1903.
Dozy, (Trans. by Francis Griffin Stokes)—Spanish Islam, London, 1913.
De Vaun, Cara—Gazali (Les Grand Philos.—Felix Alcan), Paris, 1912.
Encyclopædia Britannica.
Field, Claud—The Alchemy of Happiness, by Ghazali (from Hindustani).
— The Confessions of Al-Ghazali, London, 1909, Trans.
— Mystics and Saints of Islam, London, 1910.
— Persian Literature, London (undated).
Fortescue, Adrian—The Lesser Eastern Churches, London, 1913.
Gairdner, W. H. T.—Al-Ghazali’s Mishkat-ul-Anwar and the Ghazali Problem, Der Islam, Bd. V, Heft 2/3.
Gardner, W. R. W.—Al-Ghazali. In Islam Series, Christian Literature Society for India, 1919.
Gautier, Lucien—Ad-Dourra al-fakhira: La perle precieuse de Ghazali. Traite d’eschatologie musulmane, publie... avec une traduction francaise. Geneve, 1878.
Gosche, von R.—Über Ghazzali, Leben und Werke, Berlin, 1859.
Huart, Clement—A History of Arabic Literature, London, 1903.
Hurgronje, Dr. C. Snouck—Mekka, Haag, 1886.
Ibn Khallikan.
Jackson, A. V. Williams—“From Constantinople to the Home of Omar Khayyam”: New York, Macmillan Company, 1911.
Jayakar, Lt. Col. A. S. G.—Ad-Damiri’s Hayat Al-Hayawan (under Al-Hammam), Vol. I, London, 1906, Trans.
Jewish Encyclopædia, The.
Journal of The American Oriental Society, Vol. XX, pp. 71-132. New Haven, Conn., 1898.
Lane-Poole, Stanley—Mediæval India under Mohammedan Rule, in the Story of the National Series, London, 1903.
Mohammed Iqbal—The Development of Metaphysics in Persia, London, 1908.
Miguel Asin et Palacios—Al Gazel: Domatica, moral, Ascetica. (Zargoza. Spain, 1901.)
— Logia et Agrapha Domini Jesu apud Moslemicos Scriptores, etc. (Latin and Arabic) Firmin-Didot and Co., Paris, 1917.
Le Strange, G.—Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, Oxford, 1900.
Macdonald, D. B.—Aspects of Islam, New York, 1911.
— Emotional religion in Islam as affected by music and singing. Being a translation of a book of the Ihya ʿUlum ad-Din of Al-Ghazzali with analysis, annotation and appendices. (Royal Asiatic Society. Journal. 1901.)
— Encyclopædia of Islam, Leyden—art., “Ghazali.”
— The Life of Al-Ghazali with special reference to his religious experiences and opinions (Journal American Oriental Society).
— Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory. 1903.
— The Religious Attitude and Life in Islam, Chicago, 1909.
Murtadha—Introduction to the Celebrated Commentary of the Ihya entitled Ithaf ul Saʾada. Cairo Edition.
Nicholson, Reynold A.—Kashf Al-Mahjub, the oldest Persian Treatise on Sufism by Al-Hujwiri, London, 1911.
— Literary History of the Arabs, New York, 1907.
Nöldeke, Theodore—Sketches from Eastern History, London, 1892.
Osborn, Robert Durie—Islam Under the Khalifs of Baghdad, London, 1878.
Saladin, H.—Manuel d’art Musulman, Paris, 1907, Vol. I.
Tyrwitt, W. S. S.—Cairo, Jerusalem and Damascus, London, 1907.
B. Translations of Al-Ghazali’s Works
Hebrew
Makasid al Falasifah—De’ot ha-Pilusufim—Isaac Albalag, 13th C.
— Kawwanot ha-Pilusufim—Judah Nathan, 14th C.
Tahafut al-Falasifah—Happalat ha-Pilusufim—Zerahiah ha-Levy, 1411.
Ma’amar bi-Teshubot She’elot Nish’al Mehem (Answers to Philanthropical Questions)—H. Malter, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1897; also called Kawwanot ha-Kawwanot.
— Mozene ha-’Iyyunin—Jacob ben Makir (d. 1308).
Mizan al-ʿAmal—Mozen Zedek—Abraham Ibn Hazdai ben Samuel ha-Levy of Barcelona, ed. J. Goldenthal, Leipsic, 1839.
Mishkat al-Anwar fi Riyad al-Azhar bi-Taufik al-Anhar—Maskit ha-Orot be-Pardes ha-Nizzanim—Isaac ben Joseph Alfasi.
Latin
Maqasid Falasifa—Logica et Philosophia—Dom. Gundisalvi, Venetiæ, 1506.
German
Kitab aiyuha ’l walad—O Kind! Die berühmte ethische Abhandlung Ghazali’s arab. u. deutsch, v. Hammer-Purgstall, Wien, 1838.
Kitab Tahafut al Falasifa—Die Widersprüche der Philosophie nach Al-Ghazzali und ihr Ausgleich durch Ibn Rushd, Strassburg, 1894.
Antworten auf Fragen, die an ihn gerichtet wurden, hebr. u. arab. Text mit deutschen übers. Erklarung und Glossen v. H. Malter, Frankfurt, 1896.
Ihya ʾulum id Din—German translation in course of preparation by H. Bauer.
French
Ad durra al fakhira fi kasf ʾulum al akhira—La Perle precieuse de Ghazali, ed. par L. Gautier, Geneve, 1878.
Al munqidh min ad dhalal—ed. Schmolders, Essai sur les ecoles philosophiques chez les Arabes, Paris, 1842. Translated by Barbier de Meynard, 1877, in Journal Asiatique, vol. ix.
English
Kimiya as-saaʾda—The Alchemy of Happiness—H. A. Homes, Albany, N. Y., 1873.
The Alchemy of Happiness—Claud Field, London, 1908.
The Confessions of Al-Ghazali—Claud Field, London, 1909.
Turkish
There are two manuscript translations of Al-Ghazali’s Nasaʾih-ul-Muluk in Turkish. Also an Arabic version of the Persian original. (See Browne’s Handlist of Cambridge University Library Arabic MSS. Nos. 1185 and 220.)
The Alchemy of Happiness is also widely known in a Turkish version from which the earliest English version by Homes was made.
C. List of Al-Ghazali’s Works
In Arabic alphabetical order according to As-Subqi, Al-Murtadha (Vol. I, pp. 41-83), and other sources.
1. Ihya ʾUlum id Din—(Revival of the Sciences of Religion).
2. Al Imlaʾ ʾAla Mushkal al Ihya—(supplement to above).
3. AlʾArbaʾîn—(on the Koran).
4. Asma Allah al Husna—(on the names of God).
5. Al-Iqtasad fi Iʾtiqad—(Speculative Theology).
6. Iljam al ʾAwam ʾan ʾilm al Kalam—(Warning against scholasticism).
7. Asrar Muʾamalat id Din—(Mysticism).
8. Asrar al anwar al ilahiya—(on the Koran).
9. Akhlaq al abrar wa najat min al ashrar—(Ethics).
10. Asrar itbaʾa as sunna—(Tradition).
11. Asrar al huruf wa ’l kalimat—(Koran Mysteries).
12. Ayyuha ’l walad—(O child!—written in Persian originally—Ethics and Manners).
13. Badayat al Hadaya—(Beginner’s book in religion).
14. Al Basit fi furuʾa al Madhhab—(Jurisprudence).
15. Bayan al Qaulain—(Creed).
16. Bayan Fadhaʾa al Abahiya—
17. Badaʾa as Saniya.
18. Tanbih al Ghafalîn.
19. Talbis Iblis.
20. At Takbir fi ʾilm al taʾabir—(Interpretation).
21. Tahafut al filasafa—(Against Philosophy).
22. Taʾliqa fi furuʾa al Madhhab—(Written at Jurjan against the Ismailite heresy).
23. Tahsin al Maqsud—
24. Tahsin al Adilla—(Sources of Islam).
25. Tafsir al Quran al ʾAzim—(Brief Koran Commentary).
26. Al Tafriqa bain al iman wa ’l zindiqa—
27. Jawahir al Quran—(Beauties of the Koran).
28. Hujjat al Haqq—
29. Haqiqat al Ruh—(Mysticism).
30. Haqiqat al Qaulain—(on the Creed).
31. Al Durra al Fakhira—(The Precious Pearl).
32. Khulasat ar Rasaʾil—(Jurisprudence).
33. Khulasat al-tasanif fi l-tasawwuf.
34. Risalat al Qudsiya.
35. Risalat al Aqtab.
36. Al Risalat al Laduniya.
37. Risalat at Tair—(Parable on the Birds).
38. Sirr al Maʾsun—(on the magical use of the Koran text).
39. Sirr al-ʿalamain wa-kashf ma fi ’l-darain.
40. Sharh Daʾirat ʾAli ibn Talib.
41. Shifaʾ al Ghalil—(On Logic).
42. ʾAqidat al Misbah.
43. ʾAjaʾib Sanaʾa Allah.
44. ʾAnqud al Mukhtasar.
45. Ghayat al Ghur fi Misaʾil al daur—(On Divorce).
46. Ghaur al Daur—(also on Divorce) written in Bagdad 484 A. H.
47. Al Fatawa—(One hundred and ninety questions answered).
48. Fatihat al ʾUlum—(Encyclopædia of Sciences).
49. Al Qanun al Kulli.
50. Qanun ar Rasul.
51. Al Qurbat ila Allah—(On Nearness to God).
52. Al Qistas al Mustaqim—(Sources of Islam).
53. Al Qaul al jamil fi radd ʾala man ghaiyar al Injil—(On the corrupting of the Gospel text).
54. Kimiya as Saaʾda—(The Alchemy of Happiness; written in Persian and afterwards translated).
55. Kashf ʾUlum al Akhira—(Eschatology).
56. Al Kashf wa ’l tabyin fi ghurur al Khalk ajmaʾin—(Mysticism).
57. Kanz al ʾIdat.
58. Kitab al ʾarbaʾin.
59. Al Lubab al Muntaqal fi ’l Jadal—(On Controversy).
60. Al Mustasfa fi ʾUsul al Fiqh—(Jurisprudence). His most important and largest work on this subject; several commentaries were written on it later.
61. Al Manqul fi ’l ʾUsul.
62. Al Maksud fi Khilafiyat bain al Hanifiya wa ’sh Shafiʾya—(on these two schools of jurisprudence).
63. Al Madadi wa ’l Ghayat fi asrar al Huruf al Maknumat.
64. Al Majalis al Ghazaliya—(Collection of his Bagdad sermons).
65. Maqasid al filasafa—(Philosophy).
66. Al Munqidh min adh-Dhalal—(His Confessions, Autobiographical).
67. Miʾyar al ʾIlm fi ’l Mantiq—(Logic).
68. Miʾyar al Nazir—(Logic).
69. Mahal al Nazir—
70. Mishkat al anwar fi lataʾif al akhyar—(Ethics).
71. Al Mustazhir fi radd ʾala ’l Batiniya—(Controversial).
72. Al-Madnun bihi ʾala ghairi ahlihi—Book to be kept from those unfitted for it. (Esoteric.)
73. Al-Madnun al-saghir—Book to be kept from those unfitted for it. (Esoteric.)
74. Mishkat al-anwar—(Mysticism).
75. Mizan al ʾAmal—(A compendium of Ethics).
76. Mawahib al Batiniya—(similar to No. 71, but abbreviated).
77. Al Minhaj al Aʾali—
78. Miraj as Salikîn—
79. Mukashafat al qulub—
80. Mufasal al Khilaf fi ʾUsul al Qiyas—
81. Minhaj al ʾAbidin ila Janat Rab al ʾAlamîn—(His last work: a popular epistle on the Mystic way).
82. Nasikhat al Muluk—(Written in Persian and called in the Arabic translation Al Tibr al Masbuk; a book of counsel for kings and princes).
83. Al Wajiz—(Jurisprudence). Several commentaries were written on this work and it is much used.
84. Al Wasit—(a celebrated book in Jurisprudence). Several commentaries.
85. Yaqut at Taʾwil fi Tafsir at Tanzil—(Commentary on the Koran in 40 vols.).