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Shell-Shock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems

by E. E. Southard

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SECTION A. PSYCHOSES INCIDENTAL IN THE WAR
I. The Syphilitic Group (Syphilopsychoses)
CasePage
1.Desertion of an officerBriand, 1915 8
2.Visions of a naval officerCarlill, Fildes, Baker, 1917 9
3.Aggravation of neurosyphilis by warWeygandt, 1915 10
4.SameHurst, 1917 10
5.SameBeaton, 1915 10
6.SameBoucherot, 1915 11
7.SameTodd, 1917 12
8.SameFarrar, 1917 13
9.SameMarie, Chatelin, Patrikios, 1917 14
10.Root-sciaticaLong, 1916 15
11.DisciplinaryKastan, 1916 17
12.SameKastan, 1916 18
13.Same?Kastan, 1916 19
14.Hysterical chorea versus neurosyphilisde Massary, du Sonich, 1917 20
15.Traumatic general paresisHurst, 1917 22
16.Head trauma; shell-shock; mania; W. R. positiveBabonneix, David, 1917 23
17.Head trauma in a syphiliticBabonneix, David, 1917 24
18.Shell wound: general paresisBoucherot, 1915 25
19.“Shell-shock” ocular palsy: syphiliticSchuster, 1915 26
20.Shell-shock: general paresisDonath, 1915 27
21.Shell-shock: tabesLogre, 1917 28
22.SameDuco, Blum, 1917 28
23.Pseudotabes (Shell-shock)Pitres, Marchand, 1916 29
24.Shell-shock neurosyphilisHurst, 1917 30
25.Shell-shock neurosyphilisHurst, 1917 31
26.Pseudoparesis (Shell-shock)Pitres, Marchand, 1916 32
27.War strain and Shell-shock in a syphiliticKarplus, 1915 34
28.Shell-shock recurrence of syphilitic hemiplegiaMairet, Piéron, 1915 36
29.Shell-shock (functional!) amaurosis in a neurosyphiliticLaignel-Lavastine, Courbon, 1916 37
30.Shell-shock (functional) phenomena in a neurosyphiliticBabonneix, David, 1917 39
31.Vestibular symptoms in a neurosyphiliticGuillain, Barré, 1916 40
32.Syphilophobic suicidal attemptsColin, Lautier, 1917 41
33.Simulated chancrePick, 1916 42
34.ExaggerationBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 43
II. The Feeble-minded Group (Hypophrenoses)
35.A feeble-minded person fit for servicePruvost, 1915 44
36.An imbecile superbravePruvost, 1915 45
37.An imbecile fit for barracks workPruvost, 1915 45
38.A feeble-minded inventorLaignel-Lavastine, Ballet, 1917 47
39.A feeble-minded simulatorPruvost, 1915 49
40.Enlistment for amelioration of characterBriand, 1915 49
41.An imbecile fit for service at the frontPruvost, 1915 50
42.An imbecile with sudden initiativeLautier, 1915 51
43.Emotional fugue in subnormal subjectBriand, 1915 52
44.Regimental surgeon versus alienist re feeble-mindednessKastan, 1916 53
45.An imbecile riflemanKastan, 1916 55
46.An imbecile hypomaniacalHaury, 1915 57
47.Feeble-minded desire to remain at the frontKastan, 1916 58
48.An imbecile sent back by GermansLautier, 1915 60
49.Unfit for service: feeble-mindedness?Kastan, 1916 61
50.Oniric delirium in a feeble-minded subjectSoukhanoff, 1915 62
51.Shell-shock and burial: situation not rationalizedDuprat, 1917 63
52.Shell-shock in weak-minded subject; fear, fuguesPactet, Bonhomme, 1917 64
III. The Epileptic Group (Epileptoses)
53.Epilepsy: neurosyphilisHewat, 1917 65
54.Epilepsy brought out by syphilisBonhoeffer, 1915 66
55.Syphilis in a psychopathic subjectBonhoeffer, 1915 67
56.Epileptic imbecile court-martialedLautier, 1916 68
57.Psychogenic seizures in feeble-minded subjectBonhoeffer, 1915 69
58.Drunken epileptic: responsibility?Juquelier, 1917 71
59.Epilepsy: disciplinary casePellacani, 1917 74
60.SamePellacani, 1917 76
61.Desertion: epileptic fugueVerger, 1916 78
62.Specialist in escapesLogre, 1917 80
63.Epilepsy and other factors: disciplinary caseConsiglio, 1917 82
64.Strange conduct and amnesia in epilepticHurst, 1917 83
65.Epilepsy after antityphoid inoculationBonhoeffer, 1915 84
66.Shell-shock: Jacksonian seizures—decompressionLeriche, 1915 86
67.Blow on head: hysterical convulsions—cure by neglectClarke, 1916 87
68.Epilepsy with superposed hysteriaBonhoeffer, 1915 88
69.Musculocutaneous neuritis: Brown-Séquard’s epilepsyMairet, Piéron, 1916 89
70.Bullet wound: reactive epilepsy?Bonhoeffer, 1915 92
71.Epilepsia tardaBonhoeffer, 1915 93
72.Convulsions by auto-suggestionHurst, 1916 95
73.Epilepsy, emotionalWestphal, Hübner, 1915 97
74.Hysterical convulsionsLaignel-Lavastine, Fay, 1917 98
75.Desertion: fugue, probably not epilepticBarat, 1914 100
76.Epileptic episodeBonhoeffer, 1915 102
77.Narcoleptic seizuresFriedmann, 1915 103
78.Sham fitsHurst, 1917 106
79.Epileptoid attacks controllable by willRussel, 1917 106
80.Epileptic taint brought out at last by shell-shockHurst, 1917 107
81.Shell-shock epilepsia larvataJuquelier, Quellien, 1917 108
82.To illustrate a theory of Shell-shock as epilepticBallard, 1915 110
83.SameBallard, 1917 110
84.SameBallard, 1917 111
85.Epileptic equivalentsMott, 1916 112
IV. The Alcohol-Drug-Poison Group (Pharmacopsychoses)
86.Pathological intoxicationBoucherot, 1915 113
87.SameLoewy, 1915 116
88.Desertion in alcoholism: fugueLogre, 1916 117
89.Alcoholic amnesia experimentally reproducedKastan, 1915 118
90.Desertion and drunkennessKastan, 1915 119
91.Desertion by alcoholic dementKastan, 1915 121
92.Desertion by alcoholic with other factorsKastan, 1915 124
93.Alcoholism: disciplinary caseKastan, 1915 126
94.Atrocity, alcoholismKastan, 1915 127
95.Atrocity, alcoholicKastan, 1915 128
96.Alcoholism and amnesia: disciplinary caseKastan, 1915 129
97.Post-traumatic intolerance of alcoholKastan, 1915 130
98.Adventure with Parisian strangerBriand, Haury, 1915 131
99.Morphinism: tetanusBriand, 1914 131
100.Morphinism: medicolegal questionBriand, 1914 132
101.Two morphinistsBriand, 1914 132
102.
V. The Focal Brain Lesion Group (Encephalopsychoses)
103.Aphasia and left hemiplegia: local and contrecoup lesionsL’Hermitte, 1916 133
104.Gunshot head wound and alcohol: amnesiaKastan, 1916 135
105.Bullet in brain: cortical blindness and hallucinationsLereboullet, Mouzon, 1917 136
106.Content of existent psychosis changed by head traumaLaignel-Lavastine, Courbon, 1917 139
107.Meningococcus meningitis; apparent recovery: dementing psychosisMaixandeau, 1915 141
108.Meningococcus meningitisEschbach and Lacaze, 1915 143
109.Shell-shock: meningitic syndromePitres and Marchand, 1916 145
110.Brain abscess in a syphilitic: matutinal loss of knee-jerksDumolard, Rebierre, Quellien, 1915 147
111.Spinal cord lesion: early recoveryMendelssohn, 1916 149
112.Shell explosion and meningeal hemorrhage: pneumococcus meningitisGuillain, Barré, 1917 150
113.Ante bellum cortex lesion: shrapnel wound determines athetosisBatten, 1916 151
114.Hysterical versus thalamic hemianesthesiaLéri, 1916 152
115.Shell-shock: multiple sclerosis syndromePitres, Marchand, 1916 154
116.Mine explosion: hysterical and organic symptomsSmyly, 1917 156
117.SameSmyly, 1917 156
VI. The Symptomatic Group (Somatopsychoses)
118.Rabies: neuropsychiatric phenomenaGrenier de Cardenal, Legrand, Benoit, 1917 162
119.Tetanus, psychoticLumière, Astier, 1917 164
120.Tetanus fruste versus hysteriaClaude, L’Hermitte, 1915 165
121.British officer’s letter concerning local tetanusTurrell, 1917 166
122.Dysentery: psychosisLoewy, 1915 168
123.Typhoid fever: hysteriaSterz, 1914 169
124.Dementia praecox versus posttyphoid encephalitisNordmann, 1916 170
125.Paratyphoid fever: psychosis outlasting feverMerklen, 1915 171
126.Paratyphoid fever: psychopathic taint brought outMerklen, 1915 172
127.Diphtheria: post diphtheritic symptomsMarchand, 1916 173
128.Diphtheria: hysterical paraparesisMarchand, 1915 174
129.Malaria: amnesiaDe Brun, 1917 175
130.Malaria: Korsakow’s syndromeCarlill, 1917 176
131.Malaria: ventral horn symptomsBlin, 1916 178
132.Trench foot; acroparesthesiaCottet, 1917 180
133.Bullet injury of spine; bronchopneumonia: état criblé of spinal cordRoussy, 1916 181
134.Shell-shock (shell not seen); sensory and motor symptoms: decubitus; recoveryHeitz, 1915 183
135.Shell-shock; later typhoid fever: neuritis (ante bellum hysteria)Roussy, 1915 185
136.Bullet wound of pleura: hemiplegia and ulnar syndromePhocas, Gutmann, 1915 186
137.Tachypnoea, hystericalGaillard, 1915 188
138.Soldiers’ heartParkinson, 1916 190
139.Soldiers’ heart?Parkinson, 1916 191
140.War strain and shell wound: diabetes mellitusKarplus, 1915 192
141.Dercum’s diseaseHollande, Marchand, 1917 193
142.HyperthyroidismTombleson, 1917 195
143.Hyperthyroidism?, neurastheniaDejerine, Gascuel, 1914 196
144.HyperthyroidismRothacker, 1916 197
145.Graves’ disease, forme frusteBabonneix, Célos, 1917 198
146.Shell-shock hysteria: surgical complicationsOppenheim, 1915 199
VII. The Presenile and Senile Group (Geriopsychoses)—No cases.
VIII. The Dementia Praecox Group (Schizophrenoses)
147.Hatred of Prussia: diagnosis, dementia praecoxBonhoeffer, 1916 200
148.Dementia praecox: arrest as spyKastan, 1915 201
149.Fugue, catatonicBoucherot, 1915 203
150.Desertion: schizophrenic?Consiglio, 1916 204
151.Schizophrenia; alcoholism: disciplinary caseKastan, 1915 206
152.Schizophrenia aggravated by servicede la Motte, 1915 208
153.Shot himself in hand: delusionsRouge, 1915 209
154.Dementia praecox volunteerHaury, 1915 210
155.Hysteria versus catatoniaBonhoeffer, 1916 211
156.“Hysteria” actually dementia praecoxHoven, 1915 213
157.Hallucinatory and delusional contents influenced by war experiencesGerver, 1915 214
158.Iron cross winner, hebephrenicBonhoeffer, 1915 215
159.Occipital trauma; visual hallucinationsClaude, L’Hermitte, 1915 217
160.Shell-shock: Dementia praecoxWeygandt, 1915 219
161.SameDupuoy, 1915 220
162.Shell-shock; fatigue; fugue; delusionsRouge, 1915 221
IX. The Manic-Depressive Group (Cyclothymoses)
163.A maniacal volunteerBoucherot, 1915 222
164.Fugue, melancholicLogre, 1917 223
165.Apples in No-man’s-landWeygandt, 1914 224
166.Trench life: depression; hallucinations; arteriosclerosis; age, 38Gerver, 1915 225
167.War stress: manic depressive psychosisDumesnil, 1915 226
168.Predisposition; war stress: melancholiaDumesnil, 1915 227
169.Depression; low blood pressure; pituitrinGreen, 1916 228
X. The Psychoneurotic Group (Psychoneuroses)
170.Three phases in a psychopathLaignel-Lavastine, Courbon, 1917 229
171.Fugue, probably hystericalMilian, 1915 232
172.Hysterical Adventistde la Motte, 1915 234
173.Fugue, psychoneuroticLogre, ——235
174.Shell-shy; war bride pregnant: fugue with amnesia and mutismMyers, 1916 236
175.A neurasthenic volunteerE. Smith, 1916 237
176.War stress: neurasthenia in subject without heredity or soilJolly, 1916 238
177.Arterial hypotension in psychastheniaCrouzon, 1915 239
178.War stress: psychastheniaEder, 1916 240
179.Ante bellum attacks: neurastheniaBinswanger, 1915 241
180.Antityphoid inoculation: neurastheniaConsiglio, 1917 244
181.Neurasthenia (one symptom: sympathy with the enemy)Steiner, 1915 245
XI. The Psychopathic Group (Psychopathoses)
182.Claustrophobia: shells preferred to tunnelSteiner, 1915 246
183.Pathological liarHenderson, 1917 247
184.Psychopath almost BolshevikHoven, 1917 249
185.Hysterical mutism: persistent delusional psychosisDumesnil, 1915 250
186.Psychopathic inferiority brought out by the warBennati, 1916 251
187.Psychopathic episodesPellacani, 1917 252
188.Maniacal and hysterical delinquentBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 253
189.Psychopathic delinquentBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 254
190.Psychopathic excitementBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 255
191.Desertion: dromomaniaConsiglio, 1917 256
192.Suppressed homosexualityR. P. Smith, 1916 257
193.Psychopathic: at first suicidal, then self-mutilativeMacCurdy, 1917 258
194.Bombardment: psychastheniaLaignel-Lavastine, Courbon, 1917 259
195.NosophobiaColin, Lautier, 1917 261
196.Psychopath: Attacks of disgust and terrorLattes, Goria, 1915 262
SECTION B. SHELL-SHOCK: NATURE AND CAUSES
197.Shell explosion: Autopsy—hemorrhages; vagoaccessorius chromatolysisMott, 1917 265
198.Mine explosion: Autopsy—hemorrhagesChavigny, 1916 270
199.Mine explosion: Autopsy—hemorrhagesRoussy, Boisseau, 1916 271
200.Shell fragment in back: Autopsy—softenings in spinal cordClaude, L’Hermitte, 1915 272
201.Shell explosion: Autopsy—lungs burst!Sencert, 1915 274
202.Shell explosion: Hemorrhage in spinal canal and bladderRavaut, 1915 276
203.Shell explosion: Hemorrhage and pleocytosis of spinal fluidFroment, 1915 277
204.Shell explosion: Pleocytosis of spinal fluidGuillain, 1915 279
205.Shell explosion: Pleocytosis of spinal fluid as late as a month after explosionSouques, Donnet, 1915 280
206.Burial: Thecal hemorrhageLeriche, 1915 282
207.Shell explosion: Hypertensive spinal fluidLeriche, 1915 283
208.Bullet wound: Hematomyelia; partial recoveryMendelssohn, 1916 284
209.Shell explosion, subject prone: HematomyeliaBabinski, 1915 286
210.Struck by missile: Hysterical paraplegia? Herpes; segmentary symptomsElliot, 1914 288
211.Mine explosion: Head bruises, labyrinth lesions, canities unilateralLebar, 1915 291
212.Shrapnel wounds: Focal canities; hysterical symptomsArinstein, 1915 292
213.Burial: Organic (?) hemiplegiaMarie, Lévy, 1917 293
214.Shell explosion; no wound: Organic and functional symptomsClaude, L’Hermitte, 1915 294
215.Gassing: Organic symptomsNeiding, 1917 296
216.Gassing: Mutism, battle dreamsWiltshire, 1916 297
217.Shell explosion: Organic deafness; hysterical speech disorderBinswanger, 1915 298
218.Distant shell explosion not seen or heard: Tympanic rupture, cerebellar symptomsPitres, Marchand, 1916 300
219.Mine explosion: Organic and functional symptomsSmyly, 1917 302
220.Shrapnel skull wound: Differential recovery from functional symptomsBinswanger, 1917 303
221.Shell explosion shrapnel wound: Battle memories, scar hyperestheticBennati, 1916 305
222.Shrapnel wounds, operation: Hysterical facial spasmBatten, 1917 306
223.Shell explosion: Tremors and emotional crisesMyers, 1916 307
224.Shell explosion, comrades killed: Tremors, crisesMeige, 1916 308
225.Under fire: Tremophobia: French artist’s descriptionMeige, 1916 310
226.Shell explosion: German soldier’s account of Shell-shock symptomsGaupp, 1915 312
227.A British soldier’s account of shell-shockBatten, 1916 315
228.Blown up by shell: Crural monoplegia; hysterical four days laterLéri, 1915 317
229.Shell explosion nearby: Description of treatment to demonstrate hysterical nature of characteristic symptomsBinswanger, 1915 318
230.Leg wound: Pseudocoxalgic monoplegia and anesthesiaRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 323
231.Leg contusion: Crural monoplegia, hysterical; later crutch paralysis, organicBabinski, 1917 324
232.War strain: Arthritis; crural monoplegia and anesthesia; hysterical “conversion hysteria”MacCurdy, 1917 325
233.Lance thrust in back; Crural monoplegiaBinswanger, 1915 326
234.Shell explosion: After six days, crural monoplegia (“metatraumatic” suggesting persisting hypersensitive phase after shell-shock)Schuster, 1916 329
235.Wound of foot: Acrocontracture, seven months’ duration; psycho-electric cure at one sittingRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 330
236.Shell explosion: Trauma; emotion; hysterical paraplegiaAbrahams, 1915 332
237.Shell explosion: Burial; paraplegiaElliot, 1914 334
238.Shell explosion: Paraplegia and sensory symptoms, organic?Hurst, 1915 335
239.War strain and rheumatism; no emotional factors: Paraplegia, later brachial tremorBinswanger, 1915 336
240.Emotion in fever patient from watching barrage creep up: ParaplegiaMann, 1915 338
241.Incentives, domestic and medical, to paraplegiaRussel, 1917 338
242.Bullet in back: Hysterical bent back; “camptocormia”Souques, 1915 339
243.Shell explosion: CamptocormiaRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 340
244.Shell explosion; burial: camptocormiaRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 342
245.Shell explosion; burial; Paraplegia, later camptocormiaJoltrain, 1917 344
246.Bullet in thigh: Astasia-abasia. Wound of neck: Again astasia-abasiaRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 346
247.Shell explosion: Wound of thorax; astasia-abasiaRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 346
248.War strain and fall in trench without trauma: DysbasiaNonne, 1915 347
249.Shell explosion: Partial burial; hysterical symptoms in parts buriedArinstein, 1916 349
250.Wound of hand: AcroparalysisRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 350
251.Wound of arm: Hysterical paralysisChartier, 1915 351
252.Wound in brachial plexus region: Supinator longus contractureLéri, Roger, 1915 353
253.Contusion of muscle with “stupefactive” paralysis of biceps (supinator longus still functioning)Tinel, 1917 355
254.Wound of arm: Blockage of impulses to hand movementsTubby, 1915 356
255.Shell explosion: Bilateral symmetrical phenomenaGerver, 1915 357
256.Shell explosion: Paralytic symptoms on side exposed: Contralateral irritative symptomsOppenheim, 1915 359
257.Shell explosion: Bilateral asymmetrical symptomsGerver, 1915 360
258.Shell explosion: Sensory disorder on side exposedGerver, 1915 362
259.Shell explosion: Hysterical deafness and other symptoms; relapseGaupp, 1915 363
260.Shell explosion: DeafnessMarriage, 1917 365
261.Mine explosion: Deafmutism; recovery on epistaxis and feverLiébault, 1916 366
262.Shell explosion: DeafmutismMott, 1916 367
263.Shell explosion: Deafmutism and convulsionsMyers, 1916 368
264.Gunfire: AphoniaBlässig, 1915 370
265.Shell-shock mutism: (a), observed, (b) dreamed of, (c), developed by victim of shell explosionMann, 1915 370
266.Mortar explosion: DeafnessLattes, Goria, 1917 371
267.Shell-explosion: onomatopœic noisesBallet, 1914 371
268.Shell explosion: Gravel in eyes; eye and face symptomsGinestous, 1916 372
269.Shell explosion; burial; blow on occiput; BlindnessGreenlees, 1916 373
270.Shell-shock amblyopia: Composite dataParsons, 1915 374
271.Factors in shell-shock amblyopia: Excitement, blinding flashes, fear, disgust, fatiguePemberton, 1915 375
272.Shell explosion amblyopiaMyers, 1915 376
273.Shell windage without explosion: Cranial nerve disorderPachantoni, 1917 378
274.Initial case in Babinski’s series to show chloroform elective exaggeration of reflexesBabinski, Froment, 1917 380
275.Wound of ankle: Contracture, chloroform effectBabinski, Froment, 1917 383
276.“Reflex” disorder of right leg: Chloroform effectBabinski, Froment, 1917 384
277.Bullet in calf: Hysterical lameness cured—reflex disorder associated therewith not curedVincent, 1916 385
278.Trauma of foot: Hysterical dysbasia and reflex disorders; differential disappearance of hysterical symptomsVincent, 1917 386
279.Shell-shock and paraplegia: Vasomotor and secretory disorder twenty months laterRoussy, 1917 387
280.Tetanus clinically cured: Phenomena reproduced under chloroform anesthesiaMonier-Vinard, 1917 388
281.Example of a “reflex” disorder after shell explosion at great distanceFerrand, 1917 390
282.Shell fire: Shell-shock symptoms delayedMcWalter, 1916 391
283.Shell-shock symptoms early and lateSmyly, 1917 392
284.Wounds: Gassing; burial; collapse on home leaveElliot Smith, 1916 393
285.Late sympathetic nerve effect after bullet wound of neckTubby, 1915 394
286.Hysterical crural monoplegia after fall from horse under fire (reminiscence of similar ante bellum accident)Forsyth, 1915 395
287.Shell explosion, cave-in: Right leg symptoms (ante bellum experiences)Myers, 1916 396
288.Shell explosion, wound of back: Paraparesis (subject always weak in legs)Dejerine, 1915 397
289.Wound near heart: Fear; paraparesis (subject always weak in legs)Dejerine, 1915 399
290.Wounds: Tic on walking and recovery except frontalis tic (emphasis of ante bellum habit)Westphal, Hübner, 1915 401
291.Fatigue and emotion: Hysterical hemiplegia (similar hemiplegia ante bellum)Roussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 402
292.War strain: Hemiplegia (similar hemiplegia ante bellum, subject’s father hemiplegic)Duprés, Rist, 1914 403
293.Shell explosion and burial: Deafmutism (speech difficulty ante bellum)MacCurdy, 1917 405
294.War strain: Shell-shock and psychotic symptoms determined to parts ante bellumZanger, 1915 406
295.Mine explosion: Emotion; delirium (previous head trauma without unconsciousness)Lattes, Goria, 1917 407
296.Sniper stricken blind in shooting eyeEder, 1916 408
297.Anticipation of warfare: Fall while mounting sentry; hysterical blindnessForsyth, 1915 408
298.Spasmodic neurosis from bareback riding (similar episode ante bellum)Schuster, 1914 409
299.Ante bellum spasm of handsHewat, 1917 409
300.Quarrel: Hysterical chorea, reminiscent of former attack and itself reminiscent of organic chorea in subject’s motherDupuoy, 1915 411
301.Hallucinations and delusions of ante bellum origin: Treatment by explanationRows, 1916 412
302.Tremors and convulsive crises in a poor riskRogues de Fursac, 1915 413
303.Emotionality and tachycardia in a martial misfitBennati, 1916 415
304.Hereditary instabilityWolfsohn, 1918 416
305.Genealogical tree of a shoemakerWolfsohn, 1918 417
306.Traumatic hysteria without hereditary or acquired psychopathic tendencyDonath, 1915 418
307.Mine explosion, burial: Neurosis in perfectly normal soldierMacCurdy, 1917 419
308.Shell explosion: TremophobiaMeige, 1916 421
309.Frozen in bog: Glossolabial hemispasmBinswanger, 1915 424
310.Bruise by horse: Invincible pain—subject cured by performing heroic featLoewy, 1915 426
311.Kick by horse: Hysterical symptoms including monocular diplopiaOppenheim, 1915 427
312.Windage from non-exploding shell: Emotion; homonymous hemianopsiaSteiner, 1915 428
313.Shell-shock psoriasisGaucher, Klein, 1916 429
314.Croix de guerre and Shell-shock got simultaneously: Hallucinatory bell-ringing reminiscent of civilian workLaignel-Lavastine, Courbon, 1916 430
315.Waked by shell explosion: Nystagmiform tremor (occupational reminiscence in cinema worker) and tachycardiaTinel, 1915 432
316.Synesthesialgia: Foot pain on rubbing dry handsLortat-Jacob, Sézary, 1915 433
317.Shell-shock and burial: Clonic spasms, later stuporGaupp, 1915 435
318.War stress (liquid fire) and shell-shock: PuerilismCharon, Halberstadt, 1916 437
319.Bombed from aeroplane: Battle dreams; dizziness; fugueLattes, Goria, 1917 439
320.Hyperthyroidism after box drops from aeroplaneBennati, 1916 440
321.Shell dropped without bursting: Stupor and deliriumLattes, Goria, 1917 441
322.Subject carrying explosives is jostled: Unconsciousness, deafmutism, later camptocormiaLattes, Goria, 1917 443
323.Grazed by sliding cannon: Stupor and amnesiaLattes, Goria, 1917 444
324.Shell explosions nearby: Emotion and insomniaWiltshire, 1916 445
325.Shell explosion: symptoms after hearing artillery twelve days laterWiltshire, 1916 446
326.Exhaustion (heat?): Hyperthyroidism, hemiplegiaOppenheim, 1915 447
327.War strain and rheumatism: tremorsBinswanger, 1915 448
328.Shell explosion; emotion: Fear and dreamsMott, 1916 451
329.Under fire; barbed wire work: tremors and sensory symptomsMyers, 1916 452
330.Shell explosion: Emotional crises; twice recurrent mutismMairet, Piéron, Bouzansky, 1915 453
331.Shell explosion: Emotional crises (fright at a frog)Claude, Dide, Lejonne, 1916 455
332.War strain; wound; burials; shell-shock: neurosis with anxiety and dreams: RelapseMacCurdy, 1917 457
333.Bombed by airplane: Suicidal thoughts; oniric delirium; “moving picture in the head”Hoven, 1917 460
334.Shell explosion; emotion at death of best friend: Stupor and amnesiaGaupp, 1915 462
335.Emotional shock from shooting comrade: Horror, sweat, stammer, nightmareRows, 1916 463
336.Emotion at death of comrade: PhobiasBennati, 1916 464
337.Shell explosion: Fright; delayed loss of consciousnessWiltshire, 1916 465
338.Shell explosion; burial work: amnesia; unpleasant ideas reflexly conditioned by shell whistlingWiltshire, 1916 467
339.Comrade’s death witnessed: Suicidal depressionSteiner, 1915 468
340.Marching and battles: Neurasthenia?Bonhoeffer, 1915 469
341.English schoolmaster’s account of dreamsMott, 1918 470
342.War dreams shifting to sex dreamsRows, 1916 472
343.Shock at death of comrade: War and peace dreamsRows, 1916 474
344.War dreams including hunger and thirstMott, 1918 475
345.Burial work: Olfactory dreams and vomitingWiltshire, 1916 476
346.War dreams: Phobia conditioned on postoniric suggestionDuprat, 1917 477
347.Service in rear: War dreams not based on actual experiencesGerver, 1915 478
348.Hysterical astasia-abasia: Heterosuggestive “big belly”Roussy, Boisseau, Cornil, 1917 479
349.Collapse going over the top: NeurastheniaJolly, 1916 481
350.Battles: Mania and confusionGerver, 1915 483
351.Machine-gun battle: Mania and hallucinationsGerver, 1915 484
352.Attacks and counter-attacks: Incoherence and quick development of scenic war hallucinationsGerver, 1915 485
353.Hysterical stupor under shell fire after 2 days in the trenchesGaupp, 1915 486
354.Monosymptomatic amnesiaMallet, 1917 488
355.Aviator shot down: Mental symptoms, organicMacCurdy, 1917 489
356.Shell fire and corpse work: Daze with relapse; mutismMann, 1915 491
357.Mine explosion: ConfusionWiltshire, 1916 492
358.Shell explosion: Alternation of personalityGaupp, 1915 493
359.“A Horse in the Unconscious”Eder, 1916 497
360.Shell explosion, gassing, fatigue: AnesthesiaMyers, 1916 498
361.Shell explosion and burial: Somnambulism; dissolution of amnesia under hypnosisMyers, 1915 499
362.Shell explosion with injuries: SomnambulismDonath, 1915 502
363.Shock: Stupor as if deadRégis, 1915 503
364.Emotions over battle scenes: Twenty-four days’ somnambulismMilian, 1915 504
365.Putative loss of brother in battle: Somnambulism and mutism twenty-seven daysMilian, 1915 506
366.Shell explosion: Trauma, windage: Somnambulism four daysMilian, 1915 508
367.Burial, head trauma; gassing: Tremors, convulsions, confusion, fugueConsiglio, 1916 509
368.Shell explosion: Hysterical symptoms and tendency to fugueBinswanger, 1915 510
369.Burial: Dissociation of personalityFeiling, 1915 512
370.Ear Complications and hysteriaBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 516
SECTION C. SHELL-SHOCK DIAGNOSIS
371.Value of lumbar punctureSouques, Donnet, 1915 524
372.Meningeal and intraspinal hemorrhage: Lumbar punctureGuillain, 1915 525
373.Burial: Slight hyperalbuminosisRavaut, 1915 526
374.Paraplegia, organic: Lumbar punctureJoubert, 1915 527
375.Gunshot of spine: Spinal concussion, quadriplegia, cerebellospasmodic disorderClaude, L’Hermitte, 1917 528
376.Trauma of spine: Anesthesia and contracture, homolateral, with traumaOppenheim, 1915 529
377.Mine explosion combining hysterical and lesional effectsDupouy, 1915 530
378.Shell explosion: Hysterical and organic symptomsHurst, 1917 532
379.Gunshot: Cauda equina symptoms, combined with functional paraplegiaOppenheim, 1915 533
380.Intraspinal lesion: Persistent anesthesiaBuzzard, 1916 534
381.Functional shell-shock: Erroneous diagnosisBuzzard, 1916 534
382.Retention of urine after shell-shockGuillain, Barré, 1917 535
383.SameGuillain, Barré, 1917 536
384.Incontinence of urine after shell-shock and burialGuillain, Barré, 1917 536
385.Struck by missile: Crural monoplegia; plantar reflex absentPaulian, 1915 537
386.Shell explosion: Crural monoplegia; sciatica (neuritis?)Souques, 1915 538
387.Functional paraplegia and internal popliteal neuritisRoussy, 1915 540
388.Bullet in hip: Local “stupor” of legSebileau, 1914 542
389.Localized catalepsy: HysterotraumaticSollier, 1917 544
390.Contracture: HysterotraumaticSollier, 1917 545
391.Crural monoplegia, tetanic: RecoveryRoutier, 1915 546
392.Spasms, contracture, crises—tetanicMériel, 1916 548
393.Shell explosion, windage, flaccid paraplegia, not “spinal contusion”Léri, 1915 550
394.Scalp wound: Quadriparesis; paraplegia, cataleptic rigidity of anesthetic legsClarke, 1916 551
395.Shell explosion: Spasmodic contractions of sartorii, persistent in sleepMyers, 1916 553
396.Shell explosion: Brown-Séquard’s syndrome, hematomyelic?Ballet, 1915 555
397.Question of structural injury of spinal cordSmyly, 1917 557
398.Dysbasia, psychogenic round an organic nucleus (cerebellar?)Cassirer, 1916 557
399.Shell explosion: Dysbasia, in part hysterical, in part organic?Hurst, 1915 558
400.Peculiar walking ticChavigny, 1917 559
401.Mine explosion: Camptocormia. Hospital rounder twenty months—cure by electrotherapy, 1 hourMarie, Meige, Béhagne, Souques, Megevand, 1917 561
402.Astasia-abasiaGuillain, Barré, 1916 563
403.Shell wounds: Abdominothoracic contracture, tetanic, four months after injuryMarie, 1916 564
404.Shoulder dislocation: Hysterical paralysis of armWalther, 1914 566
405.Gunshot: Paralysis of arm increasing in degreeOppenheim, 1915 567
406.Wound of wrist: Differential glove anesthesiasRömner, 1915 568
407.Hysterical contracture combined with edema and vasomotor disorderBallet, 1915 569
408.Hemiparesis with syringomyelic dissociation of sensations: Hematomyelia?Ravaut, 1915 570
409.Brachial monoplegia: TetanicRoutier, 1915 571
410.Paralysis of right leg: Hysterical? Organic? “Microörganic”?Von Sarbo, 1915 572
411.Shell explosion: Burial: Paralysis on third dayLéri, Froment, Mahar, 1915 573
412.Shell explosion: Hemiplegia. Plantar areflexiaDejerine, 1915 575
413.Shell explosion: Tic versus spasmMeige, 1916 577
414.Shell explosion: Tremors, anæsthesiasMott, 1916 580
415.Hysteria, appendix to traumaMacCurdy, 1917 582
416.Peripheral nerve injury: Neurasthenic hyperalgesiaWeygandt, 1915 583
417.Soldier lead worker: Peripheral neuritisShufflebotham, 1915 584
418.“Peripheral neuritis” cured by faradismCargill, 1916 585
419.Late tetanusBouquet, 1916 586
420.Spasmodic neurosis and neurastheniaOppenheim, 1915 588
421.Hysterical and reflex (“physiopathic”) disordersBabinski, 1916 590
422.Bullet wound: Paralysis non-“organic,” non-hysterical, i.e. reflexBabinski, Froment, 1917 592
423.Asymmetry of reflexes under chloroformBabinski, Froment, 1917 594
424.Reflexes under chloroformBabinski, Froment, 1915 595
425.SameBabinski, Froment, 1915 596
426.Shrapnel wound: Monoplegia, hysterical and organicBabinski, Froment, 1917 597
427.Gunshot, later Erb’s palsy: “reflex”?Oppenheim, 1915 598
428.Paralysis hysterical? Organic?Gougerot, Charpentier, 1916 600
429.SameGougerot, Charpentier, 1916 602
430.SameGougerot, Charpentier, 1916 604
431.Reflex “paralysis”Delherm, 1916 606
432.
433.Shell explosion: Functional blindness, monosymptomaticCrouzon, 1915 609
434.Retrobulbar neuritis (nitrophenol)Sollier, Jousset, 1917 611
435.Eye symptoms, hystericalWestphal, 1915 613
436.Sandbag on head: Eye symptoms: LensesHarwood, 1916 615
437.Hemianopsia, organic or functional?Steiner, 1915 616
438.Hysterical pseudoptosisLaignel-Lavastine, Ballet, 1916 617
439.Shell explosion: RombergismBeck, 1915 620
440.Case for otologists and neurologistsRoussy, Boisseau, 1917 622
441.Jacksonian syndrome: HystericalJeanselme, Huet, 1915 625
442.Leg tic: Phobia against crabsDuprat, 1917 627
443.Convulsions reminiscent of frightDuprat, 1917 628
444.Fatigue, delusions, fugueMallet, 1917 629
445.Obsessions and fugueMallet, 1917 631
446.Aprosexia and birdlike movementsChavigny, 1915 632
447.Shell explosion: Unconsciousness (45 days): MutismLiébault, 1916 633
448.Shell explosion: Recurrent amnesiaMairet, Piéron, 1917 634
449.Shell explosion: Comrade killed: AmnesiaGaupp, 1915 635
450.Shell explosion: Recurrent amnesiaMairet, Piéron, 1915 636
451.Soldiers’ heart, neurotic and organicMacCurdy, 1917 639
452.Soldiers’ heart, neuroticMacCurdy, 1917 640
453.Shell explosion: Hysteria: Malingering (?)Myers, 1916 642
454.Officer who could not kickMills, 1917 644
455.“Simulation”: Diagnosis incorrectVoss, 1916 645
456.Wound: Hysterical edema?Lebar, 1915 646
457.Head trauma: simulation? Hysteria? Surgical?Voss, 1916 648
458.Disease and disorder to avoid serviceCollie, 1916 649
459.Yes-No test in anesthesiaMills, 1917 651
460.Guardhouse testRoussy, 1915 651
461.Light in a dark roomBriand, Kalt, 1917 652
462.Mutism simulatedSicard, 1915 654
463.Deafmutism simulatedMyers, 1916 655
464.Same: Explained by patientMyers, 1916 657
465.Deafmutism: Appearance of malingeringGradenigo, 1917 658
466.A lame rascalGilles, 1917 659
467.Picric acid jaundiceBriand, Haury, 1916 660
468.Swelling of hand and arm, 7 monthsLéri, Roger, 1915 663
469.Shell-shy GermanGaupp, 1915 664
470.Germany sends back a simulatorMarie, 1915 664
471.Simulation of Quincke’s diseaseLewitus, 1915 665
472.“Pensionitis”Collie, 1915 666
SECTION D. SHELL-SHOCK TREATMENT AND RESULTS
473.Deafmutism: Spontaneous cureMott, 1916 672
474.Two returns to the frontGilles, 1916 675
475.Vicissitudes in 15 monthsPurser, 1917 676
476.Deafmutism: Spontaneous cureJones, 1915 678
477.Course of an oniric deliriumBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 679
478.SameBuscaino, Coppola, 1916 681
479.Paraplegia: Cure by Iron CrossNonne, 1915 682
480.Mutism cured by getting drunkProctor, 1915 682
481.Mutism cured by working in vineyardAnon, 1916 683
482.Deafmutism: Spontaneous recovery of speech. Recovery of hearing by isolationZanger, 1915 684
483.Excess of sympathy on furloughBinswanger, 1915 685
484.Hysterical seizures treated by hydrotherapyHirschfeld, 1915 688
485.Low blood pressure treated by pituitrinGreen, 1917 690
486.Manual contracture: Various treatmentsDuvernay, 1915 691
487.Massage and mechanotherapySollier, 1916 692
488.Mine explosion; headache: Lumbar punctureRavaut, 1915 693
489.Hysterical clenched fist: Treatment by fatigue of flexorsReeve, 1917 694
490.Hysterical adduction of arm: Treatment by induced fatigueReeve, 1917 695
491.Hysterical cross-legs: Treatment by induced fatigueReeve, 1917 696
492.Hysterical torticollis: Treatment by induced fatigueReeve, 1917 697
493.Claw foot (2 years): Cure by induced fatigueReeve, 1917 698
494.Traumatic and post-traumatic effects: Surgical treatmentBinswanger, 1917 699
495.Vomiting: Cure by restoration of self-confidenceMcDowell, 1917 701
496.Self-accusatory delusions: Treatment by “autognosis”Brown, 1916 702
497.Deafmutism in three men shell-shocked at one timeRoussy, 1915 703
498.
499.
500.Vomiting; incontinence, abasia: Cure by persuasionMcDowell, 1916 705-706
501.Hysterical convulsions cured by an explanationHurst, 1917 706
502.Course of a case with crises of tremblingRoussy, 1915 706
503.Two cases of lameness cured by persuasionRussel, 1917 707
504.
505.Head trauma: Treatments by bandage, isolation, open air and to-and-fro transfersBinswanger, 1915 708
506.Rationalization of war memoriesRivers, 1918 712
507.SameRivers, 1918 713
508.SameRivers, 1918 714
509.SameRivers, 1918 715
510.Same, without redeeming feature as nucleus of rationalizationRivers, 1918 716
511.Paraplegia cured by removal of crutchesVeale, 1917 717
512.SameVeale, 1917 718
513.Paraplegia: Chocolates versus isolationBuzzard, 1916 719
514.Blindness, mutism, deafness. Immediate spontaneous recovery from the first; gradual recovery from second; deafness cured by “small operation”Hurst, 1917 720
515.Deafness: Treatment by stimulating vestibular apparatusO’Malley, 1916 721
516.Mutism: Treatment by operative manipulationMorestin, 1915 722
517.Visual impairment: Treatment by suggestion, faradism injectionsMills, 1915 724
518.Aphonia: Treatment by manipulation in larynxO’Malley, 1916 725
519.SameVlasto, 1917 727
520.Mutism, amnesia: Treatment by faradism; climatic cure in dreamSmyly, 1917 728
521.Blindness: Cure by injections in templeBruce, 1916 729
522.Deafness cured by suggestion in writingBuscaino, 1916 730
523.Reproduction of Shell-shock story in hypnosis: RecoveryMyers, 1916 732
524.SameMyers, 1916 733
525.Automatism, amnesia, deafmutism: Recovery by hypnosisMyers, 1916 734
526.Mutism: Recovery by hypnosisHurst, 1917 736
527.Stammering: Cure by hypnosisHurst, 1917 737
528.Mutism and amnesia: Cure by hypnosisMyers, 1916 739
529.Victoria Cross winner: Bayonet clutch contracture revealed by hypnosisEder, 1916 741
530.Contracture: Hypnotic cure “indecently quick”Nonne, 1915 742
531.“Doll’s head” anesthesia: Mutism: Cure by hypnosisNonne, 1915 744
532.Mine explosion: Tremors (also ante bellum tremors): Cure by hypnosisGrünbaum, 1916 745
533.Astasia-abasia: Cure by hypnosisNonne, 1915 747
534.Crural monoplegia: Cure by hypnosisHurst, 1917 748
535.Tremors and sensory disorders: Cure by hypnosisNonne, 1915 749
536.Paraplegia of gradual development: Cure by repeated hypnosisNonne, 1915 751
537.Visual impairment and dysbasia: Cure by hypnosisOrmond, 1915 752
538.Blindness cured by hypnosisHurst, 1916 753
539.Postoperative retention of urine: Relief by hypnosisPodiapolsky, 1917 754
540.Postoperative pains: Relief by hypnosisPodiapolsky, 1917 755
541.Stereotyped war dream and ante bellum headache: Cure by hypnosisRiggall, 1917 756
542.Amnesia and ante bellum headache: Cure by hypnosisBurmiston, 1917 757
543.Convulsions cured by hypnosisHurst, 1917 759
544.Two attacks of mutism: Spontaneous recovery from one in 18 months, from the other by hypnosisEder, 1916 759
545.Neurasthenic symptoms cured by repeated hypnosisTombleson, 1917 760
546.Neurasthenic symptoms: Improvement under repeated hypnosisTombleson, 1917 761
547.Convulsions “Jacksonian” and dysbasia: Cure by hypnosisTombleson, 1917 762
548.Agoraphobia: Cure by hypnosisHurst, 1917 763
549.Manual tremors: Treatment by forcing and isolationBinswanger, 1915 764
550.Mutism: Psychoelectric cureScholz, 1915 766
551.Hemiplegia and deafmutism; (also convulsions by heterosuggestion): Improvement by faradism; full recovery by suggestionArinstein, 1915 767
552.Deafmutism, cures, relapses and eventual cure by anesthesiaDawson, 1916 768
553.Deafness: Cure by suggestion on emerging from etherBruce, 1916 770
554.Aphasia, hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and (by medical suggestion) trismus: Cure by anesthesia and suggestionArinstein, 1915 771
555.Triplegia, mutism, jumping-jack reactions: Cure by anesthesia, verbal suggestion, faradismArinstein, 1915 773
556.Mutism and musical alexia: Cure by anesthesiaProctor, 1915 775
557.Deafmutism: Deafness cured by anesthesiaGradenigo, 1917 776
558.Interaction of two cases (deafmute and mute) under treatmentSmyly, 1917 777
559.
560.Dysbasia: Cure by stovaine anesthesiaClaude, 1917 778
561.SameClaude, 1917 779
562.DeafmutismBellin, Vernet, 1917 780
563.Monoplegia: Cure by electricity administered with a bored and authoritative lookAdrian, Yealland, 1917 782
564.Monoplegia after sling: Technique of electrical suggestion and “rapid” reëducationAdrian, Yealland, 1917 783
565.Hysterical “sciatica”: Treatment by faradism and verbal suggestionHarris, 1915 785
566.Prognosis of intensive reëducation in reflex (physiopathic) disorderVincent, 1916 786
567.Hysterical contracture (with physiopathic features) brutally conqueredFerrand, 1917 788
568.Paraparesis: Cure by exercises electrically provokedTurrell, 1915 790
569.Astasia-abasia: (“Lourdes-like” cure)Voss, 1916 791
570.Abasia: Rapid cureSchultze, 1916 792
571.Heterosuggestive brachial paresis: Electric suggestion and recovery in five daysHewat, 1917 794
572.Contracture of right index finger and thumb: Psychoelectric cureRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 795
573.Brachial monoplegic able to descend ladder with arms onlyClaude, 1916 795
574.Brachial monoparesis: Vicissitudes of treatmentVincent, 1917 796
575.Paresis and sensory disorder: ReëducationBinswanger, 1915 798
576.Seizures (of ante bellum origin), astasia-abasia, anesthesias: ReëducationBinswanger, 1915 800
577.Progress in case of paresis of foot and spasticity of hipBinswanger, 1915 805
578.Mutism (Reëducation)Briand, Philippe, 1916 808
579.Stammering: Isolation and reëducationBinswanger, 1915 810
580.Deafmutism: Phonetic reëducationLiébault, 1916 814
581.Aphonia: Pressure on sternum and respiratory gymnasticsGarel, 1916 816
582.Stammering: ReëducationMacMahon, 1917 817
583.Speech disorder: ReëducationMacMahon, 1917 818
584.Camptocormia: Psycho-electric cure: lameness cured by reëducationRoussy, L’Hermitte, 1917 819
585.Deafmutism: Speech recovery by suggestion and reëducation: Hearing by reëducationLiébault, 1916 822
586.Mutism; stammering; Reëducation; hypnosisMacCurdy, 1917 823
587.Anesthesias: Spontaneous gradual recovery: “Paralysis” cured by reëducationBinswanger, 1915 824
588.Deafmutism; head movements, anesthesia: Cure by faradism, massage and reëducationArinstein, 1916 827
589.Amnesia and paralysis: ReëducationBatten, 1916 828
SECTION E. EPICRISIS
PARAGRAPH
Terminology1-8
Diagnostic Delimitation Problem9-39
The Nature of War Neuroses40-74
Diagnostic Differentiation Problem75-99
General Nature of Shell-shock89-102
Treatment: General Observations103-114

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