Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind

Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind — James Mill

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Footnotes

James Mill’s text had a few footnotes, indicated by single asterisks. His later commentators’ work was printed as footnotes, numbered consecutively through each volume (though there is no note 36 in volume 1), and attributed by an initial (or “Editor’s note”) at the end. James Mill’s notes are here recorded as 1*, 2*, etc. John Stuart Mill made one note in this style, 7* in volume 1. This has not been renumbered, but it has been rendered in J.S. Mill’s colour. Text due to contributors other than James Mill is marked by different text colours: blue for Bain, fuchsia for Findlater, green for Grote, and maroon for J.S. Mill. There are footnotes in Grote’s main footnote, and in a couple of other footnotes, marked as in the original. All footnotes are now placed after the paragraph in which they occur.

Other Matters

Greek text is marked by orange underlining, on mouse-over revealing a transliteration (breathings marked ( for hard, ) for soft, accents / for acute, \ for grave, = for circumflex, all after their vowel; iota subscript is marked |).

Page numbers have been rendered in-text in red.

Other original printing conventions have been followed, except for left quotation marks at the start of every line of quoted text. Sub-headings to sections have been treated uniformly—in the orignal some are centred, some have hanging first lines.

Some links have been inserted to provide for cross-references within the two volumes. Infelicities and mistakes here are the transcriber’s fault.

The Commentators’ Content

Since a large part of the interest of this book relates to the commentaries provided by J.S. Mill and his colleagues, and since no guide is given to them in the actual Table of Contents, a simple list of the more important comments is subjoined (items in bold are more substantial contributions) with the main sections of the original book indicated:

Author	Topic	Page/Note
Volume 1
Author	INTRODUCTION	1
Author	CHAPTER I. Sensation	2
Bain	muscular feelings and digestive sensibility	note 1
Author	SECTION 1. Smell	7
Bain	arranging the senses	note 2
Mill	the meaning of ‘smell’	note 3
Author	SECTION 2. Hearing	16
Mill	the meaning of ‘hearing’	note 4
Author	SECTION 3. Sight	21
Mill	the meaning of ‘sight’	note 5
Mill	the meaning of ‘vision’	note 6
Author	SECTION 4. Taste	25
Mill	some physiologists’ view of taste	note 7
Mill	the meaning of ‘taste’	note 8
Author	SECTION 5. Touch	28
Bain	touch	note 9
Bain	the subjectivity of the sensations of hot and cold	note 10
Mill	the meaning of ’touch’	note 11
Bain	the sense of touch	note 12
Author	SECTION 6. Sensations of Disorganization, etc.	37
Mill	the meaning of ‘itching’	note 13
Bain	organic sensibilities	note 14
Author	SECTION 7. Muscular Sensations, etc.	40
Author	SECTION 8. Sensations in the Alimentary Canal	45
Bain	pleasure of opium or alcohol not a matter of association	note 16
Bain	digestion and not noticing sensations	note 17
Author	CHAPTER II. Ideas	51
Bain	discrimination and retentiveness	note 18
Mill	the idea of resistance	note 19
Bain	feelings of muscular action, not primarily a matter of Will	note 20
Bain	hunger and thirst	note 21
Mill	meaning of ‘indigestion,’ ‘hunger,’ ‘thirst’	note 22
Bain	sensation and idea compared	note 23
Mill	can we have ideas of ideas? ideas of historical or fictional people	note 24
Author	CHAPTER III. The Association of Ideas	70
Bain	possibility of synchronous sensations	note 25
Bain	a limitation to association, need for unique link	note 26
Bain	difference between transient and permanent recollections	note 27
Mill	vividness	note 28
Bain	sight	note 29
Mill	exposition of ‘ideas which it is not in our power to combine’	note 30
Bain	emotional reactions more than association	note 31
Mill	‘laws of obliviscence’	note 32
Bain	visual sensations usually overlooked	note 33
Mill	accounts of unnoticed feelings	note 34
Mill	attempted reduction of association by resemblance to association by contiguity	note 35
Bain	association of ideas	note 38
Mill	rejecting contrast as a principle of association	note 39
Author	CHAPTER IV. Naming	127
Author	SECTION 1. Nouns Substantive	134
Findlater	origin of names of objects	note 41
Mill	utility of names of classes	note 42
Mill	‘heat’ etc. as names only of sensations not of ideas	note 43
Mill	Locke’s ‘mixed modes’	note 44
Author	SECTION 2. Nouns Adjective	134
Mill	class names and utility of adjectives	note 45
Author	SECTION 3. Verbs	151
Mill	omission of predication among functions of general names	note 46
Mill	verbs	note 47
Author	SECTION 4. Predication	159
Mill	predication	note 48
Mill	further remark on predication	note 49
Mill	differentia, proprium and accidens	note 50
Mill	predication	note 51
Findlater	predication in non-Indo-European languages	note 53
Mill	predication and existence-claims	note 54
Mill	absence of belief in author’s account of predication	note 55
Mill	criticism of author’s account of syllogisms	note 57
Mill	names of names, genus and species	note 58
Author	SECTION 5. Pronouns	194
Findlater	relative and demonstrative pronouns	note 59
Author	SECTION 6. Adverbs	199
Mill	adverbial modification	note 60
Author	SECTION 7. Prepositions	201
Findlater	etymology of prepositions	note 61
Author	SECTION 8. Conjunctions	212
Findlater	conjunctions	note 62
Findlater	‘but’	note 63
Findlater	etymology of ‘if’	note 64
Findlater	etymology of ‘because’	note 65
Author	CHAPTER V. Consciousness	223
Bain	consciousness	note 74
Mill	consciousness	note 75
Author	CHAPTER VI. Conception	233
Mill	conceptions/general ideas	note 76
Author	CHAPTER VII. Imagination	238
Bain	the imagination	note 77
Author	CHAPTER VIII. Classification	247
Mill	utility of class names	note 78
Grote	Greek views of classification and abstraction	note 79
Mill	classification	note 80
Author	CHAPTER IX. Abstraction	294
Mill	general names	note 81
Mill	rejecting the author’s use of ‘connote’	note 82
Mill	abstract names	note 83
Findlater	etymology of abstract names	note 86
Author	CHAPTER X. Memory	318
Bain	mention of compound association	note 88
Mill	need for belief as a component of memory	note 91
Bain	the cessation of sensations	note 93
Mill	difference between memory and imagination	note 94
Author	CHAPTER XI. Belief	341
Mill	belief as constituent of memory and judgment	note 95
Mill	different uses of ‘belief’	note 97
Mill	why people do not seek a cause for a first cause	note 100
Mill	inseparable associations	note 102
Bain	belief in the uniformity of nature	note 103
Bain	qualification of the author’s remark about sight	note 104
Bain	terror and belief	note 105
Bain	testimony	note 106
Bain	belief	note 107
Mill	belief	note 108
Author	CHAPTER XII. Ratiocination	424
Mill	reasoning	note 109
Author	CHAPTER XIII. Evidence	428
Mill	evidence	note 110
Mill	belief in an external world	Appendix
Volume 2
Author	CHAPTER XIV. Some Names which require a particular Explanation	1
Author	SECTION 1. Names of Names	3
Mill	names of names	note 2
Author	SECTION 2. Relative Terms	6
Mill	relations	note 3
Bain	consciousness requiring change, relative names	note 4
Bain	similarity and difference	note 5
Mill	similarity	note 6
Mill	succession, antecedent and consequent	note 7
Mill	lines, geometrical and physical,	note 8
Bain	sight and space	note 9
Bain	the feeling of resistance	note 10
Mill	casual sequences	note 12
Mill	the meaning of relative names	note 13
Mill	quantity	note 14
Mill	quality	note 15
Mill	objects	note 16
Mill	more and less	note 17
Mill	why the succession of ideas is not the same in all people, simultaneous ideas and memory	note 18
Author	Abstract Relative Terms	72
Mill	abstract relative terms	note 19
Mill	causation not connoting present time	note 20
Mill	‘relative’ and ‘related’	note 21
Author	SECTION 3. Numbers	89
Mill	connotation and denotation of number words	note 22
Grote	Greek view of number	note 23
Author	SECTION 4. Privative Terms	99
Mill	author’s use of ‘privative’	note 24
Mill	‘silence’ ‘nothing’	note 25
Mill	space	note 26
Mill	infinity	note 27
Author	SECTION 5. Time	116
Mill	time	note 29
Grote	Aristotle on time	note 30
Author	SECTION 6. Motion	142
Bain	resistance, motion, etc.	note 31
Mill	extensive quotation from Herbert Spencer on feelings of motion and extension	note 32
Author	SECTION 7. Identity	164
Mill	personal identity	note 33
Author	CHAPTER XV. Reflection	176
Mill	attention as a separate feature	note 34
Author	CHAPTER XVI. The Distinction between the Intellectual and Active Powers etc.	181
Bain	need for separate consideration of emotion	note 35
Author	CHAPTER XVII. Pleasurable and Painful Sensations	184
Mill	nature of pleasurable sensations	note 36
Author	CHAPTER XVIII. Causes of the Pleasurable and Painful Sensations	187
Author	CHAPTER XIX. Ideas of the Pleasurable and Painful Sensations, and of the Causes of them	189
Mill	desire and aversion	note 37
Author	CHAPTER XX. The Pleasurable and Painful Sensations, contemplated as passed, or future	196
Mill	expectation	note 38
Mill	‘hope’ and ‘fear’	note 39
Author	CHAPTER XXI. The Causes of Pleasurable and Painful Sensations, contemplated as passed, or future	201
Author	SECTION 1. The immediate Causes of Pleasurable and Painful Sensations, etc.	201
Mill	a problem for author’s account of memory and expectation	note 40
Bain	distinction between aversion and fear	note 41
Author	SECTION 2. The Remote Causes of Pleasurable and Painful Sensations etc.	206
Mill	notion that there are no ideas without momentary belief in the existence of their objects	note 42
Mill	pains or pleasures of others	note 43
Bain	emotions and the tender feeling	note 44
Mill	author’s dealings with the emotions	note 45
Mill	pleasure in music	note 46
Mill	pleasure in colours	note 47
Mill	beauty and sublimity (with reference to Ruskin)	note 48
Author	CHAPTER XXII. Motives	256
Author	SECTION 1. Pleasurable or Painful States, etc.	256
Mill	motives, quotation from another work of the author on motives	note 49
Author	SECTION 2. Causes of our Pleasurable and Painful States, etc.	265
Mill	what intensifies patriotic feelings	note 50
Author	CHAPTER XXIII. The Acts of our Fellow-creatures, etc.	280
Bain	prudence and courage	note 52
Bain	checks to beneficence	note 53
Mill	posthumous fame	note 54
Mill	a motive for suicide	note 55
Mill	‘praiseworthy’ as deserving praise, not merely likely to obtain praise	note 56
Bain	incompleteness of author’s account of the moral sentiment	note 57
Mill	moral sentiments, with quotation from another work by the author; duty and punishment	note 58
Author	CHAPTER XXIV. The Will	327
Mill	internal bodily actions	note 59
Bain	winking under threat of a blow to the eyes	note 60
Bain	‘fixed ideas’	note 61
Bain	shedding tears or laughing	note 62
Mill	the will	note 63
Bain	trying to remember	note 64
Bain	dreams	note 65
Mill	attention	note 66
Mill	a gap in author’s account of voluntary action	note 67
Bain	the will	note 68
Author	CHAPTER XXV. Intention	396
Mill	intention	note 69